The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Living the Paradox: Female Athletes Negotiate Femininity and Muscularity
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Crozier, G., Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121684 · Cited by 26,666
Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists
Strauss, A. L. (1987) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511557842 · Cited by 12,277
THEBERGE, N. (1997) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124397011001005 · Cited by 153
Miller, K. E., Farrell, M. P., Sabo, D. F., Barnes, G. M., & Melnick, M. J. (1999) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.16.4.366 · Cited by 81
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- Baird, S. (2001). Femininity on the pitch: An ethnography of women's rugby. Unpublished master's thesis, Bowling Green State University, Ohio.
- Barker, C. (2002). Making sense of cultural studies: Central problems and critical debates. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. · DOI
- Bartky, S. L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression. New York: Routledge.
- Blinde, E. M., & Taub, D. E. (1992). Women athletes as falsely accused deviants: Managing the lesbian stigma. Sociological Quarterly, 33, 521-533. · DOI
- Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Braun, V. (2000). Heterosexism in focus group research: Collusion and challenge. Feminism and Psychology, 10, 133-140. · DOI
- Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
- Choi, P. Y. L. (2000). Femininity and the physically active woman. London: Routledge.
- Chow, R. (1999). When Whiteness feminizes ...: Some consequences of a supplementary logic. Differences, 11(3), 137-168. · DOI
- Cole, C. L. (1993). Resisting the canon: Feminist cultural studies, sport, and technologies of the body. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 17, 77-97. · DOI
- Crawley, S. L. (1998). Gender, class and the construction masculinity in professional sailing. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 33, 35-41. · DOI
- Dewar, A. (1993). Would all the generic women in sport please stand up? Challenges facing feminist sport sociology. Quest, 45, 211-229. · DOI
- Duncan, M. C. (1994). The politics of women's body images and practices: Foucault, the panopticon, and Shape magazine. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 48-65. · DOI
- Duquin, M. E. (1994). The body snatchers and Dr. Frankenstein revisited: Social construction and deconstruction of bodies and sport. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 268-281. · DOI
- Ely, M. (1991). Doing qualitative research: Circles within circles. Philadelphia: Falmer Press.
- Etu, E., & Williams, M. K. (1996). On the edge: Women making hockey history. Toronto: Second Story Press.
- Fonow, M. M., & Cook, J. A. (1991). Back to the future: A look at the second wave of feminist epistemology and methodology. In M. M. Fonow & J. A. Cook (Eds.), Beyond methodology: Feminist scholarship as lived research (pp. 1-15). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. · DOI
- Halbert, C. (1995). Tough enough and woman enough: Stereotypes discrimination and impression management among women professional boxes. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21, 7-36. · DOI
- Hall, M. A. (1996). Feminism and sporting bodies: Essays on theory and practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Hargreaves, J. A. (1993). Sporting females: Critical issues in the history and sociology of women's sports. New York: Routledge.
- Heywood, L. (1998). Bodymakers: A cultural anatomy of women's body building. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
- Holliday, R., & Hassard, J. (2001). Contested bodies: An introduction. In R. Holliday & J. Hassard (Eds.), Contested bodies (pp. 1-17). New York: Routledge.
- Holt, N. L., & Sparkes, A. C. (2001). An ethnographic study of cohesiveness in a college soccer team over a season. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 237-259. · DOI
- Johns, D. (1996). Fasting and feasting: Paradoxes of the sport ethic. Sociology of Sport Journal, 15, 41-63. · DOI
- Kolnes, L. J. (1995). Heterosexuality as an organizing principle in women's sport. International Review for Sociology of Sport, 30, 61-79. · DOI
- Krane, V. (1997). Homonegativism experienced by lesbian collegiate athletes. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 6(1), 141-163. · DOI
- Krane, V. (2001a). “We can be athletic and feminine,” but do we want to? Challenges to femininity and heterosexuality in women's sport. Quest, 53, 115-133. · DOI · Paper page
- Krane, V. (2001b). One lesbian feminist epistemology: Integrating feminist standpoint, queer theory, and feminist cultural studies. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 401-411. · DOI
- Krane, V., Greenleaf, C., & Snow, J. (1997). Reaching for gold and the price of glory: A motivational case study of a former elite gymnast. The Sport Psychologist, 11, 53-71. · DOI
- Krane, V., Stiles-Shipley, J., Waldron, J., & Michalenok, J. (2001). Relationships among body image, and eating and exercise behaviors in female athletes and aerobic exercisers. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 1-18.
- Krane, V., Waldron, J., Michalenok, J., & Stiles-Shipley, J. (2001). Body image, and eating and exercise behaviors: A feminist cultural studies perspective. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 10(1), 17-54. · DOI · Paper page
- Krueger, R. A. (1998). Moderating focus groups. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. · DOI · Paper page
- Kvale, I. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Lenskyj, H. J. (1994). Sexuality and femininity in sport context: Issues and alternatives. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 356-376. · DOI · Paper page
- Madriz, E. (2000). Focus groups in feminist research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 835-850). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Markula, P. (1995). Firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin: The postmodern aerobicizing female bodies. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 424-453. · DOI · Paper page
- Marten-DiBartolo, P., & Shaffer, C. (2002). A comparison of female college athletes and nonathletes: Eating disorder symptomatology and psychological well-being. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 33-41. · DOI
- Morgan, D. L. (1988). Using focus groups as qualitative research (Sage University Paper Series on Qualitative Research Methods, Vol. 16). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Pirinen, R. M. (1997). The construction of women's positions in sport: A textual analysis of articles on female athletes in Finnish women's magazines. Sociology of Sport Journal, 14, 290-301. · DOI
- Rail, G. (1992). Physical contact in women's basketball: A phenomenological construction and contextualization. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27, 1-27. · DOI
- Russell, K. (2002). Women's participation motivation in rugby, cricket, and netball: Body satisfaction and self identity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Ussher, J. M. (1997). Fantasies of femininity: Reframing the boundaries of sex. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
- Wilkinson, S. (1998). Focus groups: A feminist method. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 221-244. · DOI · Paper page
- Wright, J., & Clarke, G. (1999). Sport, the media and the construction of compulsory heterosexuality. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34, 227-243. · DOI
- Young, K. (1997). Women, sport, and physicality. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 32, 297-305. · DOI
Cited by
Overdoing Gender: A Test of the Masculine Overcompensation Thesis
Willer, R., Rogalin, C. L., Conlon, B., & Wojnowicz, M. T. (2013) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/668417 · Cited by 366
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2010) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.07.006 · Cited by 264
Considerations of positive body image across various social identities and special populations
Tiggemann, M. (2015) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.002 · Cited by 249
Drive for thinness and drive for muscularity: opposite ends of the continuum or separate constructs?
Kelley, C. C. (., Neufeld, J. M., & Musher-Eizenman, D. R. (2010) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.09.008 · Cited by 136
Mavin, S., & Grandy, G. (2016) · Gender, Work & Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12130 · Cited by 97
Beckner, B. N., & Record, R. A. (2016) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.957998 · Cited by 84
Russell, K. M. (2004) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-004-5466-4 · Cited by 78
Heather, A. K., Thorpe, H., Ogilvie, M., Sims, S. T., Beable, S., Milsom, S., Schofield, K. L., Coleman, L., & Hamilton, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.601420 · Cited by 69
“Furthermore, high-performance sporting cultures focusing on aesthetics, endurance, or weight, may normalize extreme dietary and training practices, potentially resulting in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating practices (Krane et al., 2004; de Bruin and Oudejans, 2018; Kantanista et al., 2018).”
BackgroundScholarship on Gender and Sport in Sex Roles and Beyond
Knoppers, A., & McDonald, M. (2010) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9841-z · Cited by 45
“, Claringbould and Knoppers 2007, 2008; Claringbould, Knoppers and Elling 2004; Knoppers and Anthonissen 2008), paradoxes in constructions of athletic femininities (Krane et al. 2004) and constructions of sporting masculinities (Anderson 2008; Schrack-Walters et al.”
Background‘Strong is the new skinny’: navigating fitness hype among teenagers in northern Sweden.
Wiklund, E., Jonsson, E., Coe, A.-B., & Wiklund, M. (2019) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2017.1402758 · Cited by 40
Schofield, K. L., Thorpe, H., & Sims, S. T. (2022) · Journal of Sport and Social Issues · doi:10.1177/01937235211012171 · Cited by 29
Athletes and Body Image: Interviews with Gay Sportsmen
Filiault, S. M., & Drummond, M. J. N. (2008) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780880802070575 · Cited by 19
Pretty Tough Sports and the Promotion of Female Empowerment in Young Adult Sports Fiction
Heinecken, D. (2015) · The Lion and the Unicorn · doi:10.1353/uni.2015.0006 · Cited by 15
Saha, S., Pahan, M. K., Karmakar, D., Kaur, G. I. J., & Gurjar, R. (2025) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.09.043 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Krane, V., Choi, P. Y. L., Baird, S. M., Aimar, C. M., & Kauer, K. J.
- Venue
- Sex Roles
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 315-329
- ISSN
- 0360-0025 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2762
- OpenAlex
- W2110754562
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 23.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.