Recollections of bullying at school and their long-term implications for lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between experiences of bullying at school, adult mental health status, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress among a sample of 119 UK residents who identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Participants completed a series of questionnaires that focused upon school experiences, suicide ideation at school, sexual history, relationship status and negative affect, recent positive and negative life-events, internalized homophobia, and symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress. The results suggested that posttraumatic stress was a potential issue for 17% of participants who also scored significantly higher for depression, and reported having had more casual sexual partners than their peers. However, those who were found to exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress were also more accepting of their sexual orientation. A small number of participants used prescription or nonprescription drugs, or alcohol to help them cope with memories of bullying. It is suggested that posttraumatic stress may be a feature of the adult lives of men and women who experienced frequent and prolonged bullying at school as a result of their actual or perceived sexual orientation.
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Post-traumatic stress disorders also appear, and LGB individuals, to cope with unpleasant memories of bullying, resort to alcohol or drugs, which can lead to addiction.
“Often, post-traumatic stress disorders also appear, and LGB individuals, to cope with unpleasant memories of bullying, resort to alcohol or drugs, which can lead to addiction (25).”
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- Authors
- Rivers, I.
- Affiliations
- York St John University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rivers, Ian
- ORCID
- Rivers, Ian
- Venue
- Crisis
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 169-175
- ISSN
- 0227-5910 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2396
- OpenAlex
- W2001786979
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crisis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- school bullying, post-traumatic stress, depression, suicidal ideation, internalized homophobia, sexual orientation acceptance, coping with trauma, alcohol and drug use, sexual partners, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bisexuality, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Health, Prejudice, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Students, Time Factors, Sexual Harassment, Homosexuality, Male, Homosexuality, Female
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