The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ambulatory Assessment: An Innovative and Promising Approach for Clinical Psychology
Abstract
Convergent experimental data, autobiographical studies, and investigations on daily life have all demonstrated that gathering information retrospectively is a highly dubious methodology. Retrospection is subject to multiple systematic distortions (i.e., affective valence effect, mood congruent memory effect, duration neglect; peak end rule) as it is based on (often biased) storage and recollection of memories of the original experience or the behavior that are of interest. The method of choice to circumvent these biases is the use of electronic diaries to collect self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes in real time. Different terms have been used for this kind of methodology: ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, experience sampling method, and real-time data capture. Even though the terms differ, they have in common the use of computer-assisted methodology to assess self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. In this review we discuss the main features and advantages of ambulatory assessment regarding clinical psychology and psychiatry: (a) the use of realtime assessment to circumvent biased recollection, (b) assessment in real life to enhance generalizability, (c) repeated assessment to investigate within person processes, (d) multimodal assessment, including psychological, physiological and behavioral data, (e) the opportunity to assess and investigate context-specific relationships, and (f) the possibility of giving feedback in real time. Using prototypic examples from the literature of clinical psychology and psychiatry, we demonstrate that ambulatory assessment can answer specific research questions better than laboratory or questionnaire studies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“it may be used to assess a range of experiences from affect (16) to self-harm (17) and substance use (18).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712
Diary Methods: Capturing Life as it is Lived
Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030 · Cited by 3,843
Validity and reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method
CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M., & LARSON, R. (1987) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198709000-00004 · Cited by 2,544
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x · Cited by 1,629
When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End
Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x · Cited by 1,502
Patient non-compliance with paper diaries
Stone, A. A., Shiffman, S., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Hufford, M. R. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1193 · Cited by 810
(1999) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410601261 · Cited by 767
Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte
Kraepelin, E. (1939) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1939.02800520075036 · Cited by 686
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300402808 · Cited by 686
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Albrecht V., 2003, Das Erleben von Spannung – eine kontrollierte Studie
- Fahrenberg J., 1996, Ambulatory assessment. Computer-assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies, 3
- Goodman W.K., 1989, I. Development, and reliability
- Loranger A.W., 1999, International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE): DSM-IV and ICD-10 modules
- Rachman S., 1974, Synchrony and desynchrony in fear and avoidance. Behavior Research and Therapy, 12, 311
- Solzbacher S., 2007, Frontiers in stepped eCare – eHealth methods in behavioral and psychosomatic medicine, 111
- Wilhelm P., 2001, Progress in ambulatory assessment: Computer-assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies, 173
- Wilhelm F.H., 2001, Progress in ambulatory assessment: Computer-assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies, 313
- World Health Organization, 1992, The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–173 of 173
Duygu Düzenlemeye Güncel Bir Bakış: Bağlamsal Faktörler
Bintaş-Zörer, P., & Yorulmaz, O. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar · doi:10.18863/pgy.972675 · Cited by 9
Open-label placebo effects on psychological and physical well-being: A conceptual replication study
Bräscher, A., Ferti, I.-E., & Witthöft, M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.7679 · Cited by 10
Gössmann, K., Schmid, R. F., Loos, C., Orthmann, A. B. A., Rosner, R., & Barke, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003171 · Cited by 10
Psychophysiological Assessment of Social Stress in Natural and Laboratory Situations
Loeffler, S. N., Hennig, J., & Peper, M. (2016) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000170 · Cited by 10
Stieger, S., Schmid, I., Altenburger, P., & Lewetz, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538122 · Cited by 9
Brinton, J., Keating, M. D., Ortiz, A., Evenson, K. R., & Furberg, R. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.6513 · Cited by 10
Ecological Momentary Assessment versus Weekly Questionnaire Assessment of Change in Depression
Tamm, J., Takano, K., Just, L., Ehring, T. W., Rosenkranz, T., & Kopf‐Beck, J. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/9191823 · Cited by 9
Chronotype, daily affect and social contact: An ecological momentary assessment study
Kivelä, L. M. M., Riese, H., Fakkel, T. G., Verkuil, B., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Lamers, F., van der Does, W., & Antypa, N. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114386 · Cited by 11
McLean, D. C., Nakamura, J., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318801939 · Cited by 9
Giurgiu, M., & Ebner‐Priemer, U. (2025) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-025-00077-9 · Cited by 9
Self-citationPatterns of Skin Picking in Skin Picking Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Gallinat, C., Moessner, M., Wilhelm, M., Keuthen, N. J., & Bauer, S. (2024) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/53831 · Cited by 7
Cahart, M., Giampietro, V., Naysmith, L. F., Muraz, M., Zelaya, F. O., Williams, S., & O’Daly, O. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70293-x · Cited by 8
Costache, M. E., Gioia, F., Vanello, N., Greco, A., Lefebvre, F., Capobianco, A., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06551-8 · Cited by 7
Kanning, M. K., Bollenbach, L., Schmitz, J., Niermann, C. Y. N., & Fina, S. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/39322 · Cited by 8
ESM-Q: A Consensus-Based Quality Assessment Tool for Experience Sampling Method ItemsPreprint
Eisele, G. V., Hiekkaranta, A. P., Kunkels, Y. K., Rot, M. A. H., van Ballegooijen, W., Bartels, S. L., Bastiaansen, J. A., Beymer, P. N., Bylsma, L. M., Carpenter, R. W., et al. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sjynv · Cited by 16
Vogel, F., Blanken, T. F., Burger, J., Reichert, J., Scholten, S., & Klintwall, L. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7wfte · Cited by 7
Vonderlin, R., Boritz, T. Z., Claus, C., Senyüz, B., Mahalingam, S., Schmelz, J., Knolle-Ventjeer, S., Santangelo, P., Ebner‐Priemer, U., Schmahl, C. G., et al. (2025) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-025-00294-3 · Cited by 9
Self-citationAn Event-driven Psychophysiological Assessment for Health Care
Serino, S., Cipresso, P., Tartarisco, G., Baldus, G., Corda, D., Pioggia, G., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2012) · doi:10.5220/0003884200250034 · Cited by 6
Clinical Outcomes of Severe Forms of Early Social Stress
Berhe, O., Gerhardt, S., & Schmahl, C. G. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_261 · Cited by 7
Latent Classes of Dysregulated Behaviors Relate to Negative Mental Images
Cloos, M., Weßlau, C., Steil, R., & Höfling, V. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9578-2 · Cited by 6
Finkbeiner, M., Wahl, L.-M., Kühnhausen, J., Schmid, J., Hellwig, L., Brenner, V., Dürrwächter, U., Conzelmann, A., Kelava, A., Renner, T. J., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01197-0 · Cited by 6
Korkmaz, D., Knauth, K., Brands, A. M. A., Schmeck, M., Büning, P. E., & Peters, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13216-8 · Cited by 5
Byrne, M. E., Bernstein, R. A., Pine, D. S., & Kircanski, K. (2023) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2023.0025 · Cited by 5
Le, F., Mattern, V., Johansson, P. J., Hettiarachchi, P., Ebner‐Priemer, U., Wiley, J. F., Dumuid, D., & Giurgiu, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-99266-4 · Cited by 6
Self-citationApplications of Psychophysiological Recording
Stern, R. M., Ray, W. J., & Quigley, K. S. (2000) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113594.003.0015 · Cited by 5
Ecological Momentary Assessment in Acquired Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Burnett, J., Cobden, A. L., Firman-Sadler, L., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Akhlaghi, H., D, J. F. D., & Caeyenberghs, K. (2025) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1177/08977151251359986 · Cited by 4
Fareed, N., Swoboda, C. M., Wang, Y., Strouse, R., Hoseus, J., Baker, C., Joseph, J. J., & Venkatesh, K. K. (2023) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/46654 · Cited by 4
Moving ostracism research from the lab into daily life using experience sampling
Büttner, C. M. (2025) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2025.2572651 · Cited by 5
Neuropsychology in the Real World
Peper, M., & Loeffler, S. N. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000139 · Cited by 5
What does psychology and psychiatry need from mobile systems
Santangelo, P., Koudela-Hamila, S., & Ebner‐Priemer, U. (2012) · doi:10.1145/2307863.2307865 · Cited by 4
Self-citationComputerized experience-sampling approach for realtime assessment of stress
Serino, S., Cipresso, P., Tartarisco, G., Baldus, G., Corda, D., Pioggia, G., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2013) · ICST Transactions on Ambient Systems · doi:10.4108/trans.amsys.01-06.2013.e5 · Cited by 4
Leijdesdorff, S. M. J., Bakker, J. M., Lange, I., Michielse, S., Goossens, L., Klaassen, R. M. C., Popma, A., Schruers, K. R. J., Lieverse, R., Marcelis, M. C., et al. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152309 · Cited by 4
Sustaining the Shift: Mechanisms of Practice Continuation in Meat Analogue Consumption
Nguyen, J., Sands, S., Ferraro, C., & Luxton, S. (2025) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.22206 · Cited by 2
Bringmann, L. F., Tolmeijer, E., Piot, M., Mestdagh, M., Verdonck, S., Stulp, G., Waite, F., Isham, L., Staring, A. B. P., Freeman, D. H., et al. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100819 · Cited by 3
Ambulantes Assessment in der Schule: Den schulischen Alltag erfahrbar machen
Bugl, P., Schmid, J., & Gawrilow, C. (2015) · Lernen und Lernstörungen · doi:10.1024/2235-0977/a000115 · Cited by 3
Bengler, K. J., Bubb, H., Totzke, I., Schumann, J., & Flemisch, F. O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25841-1_4 · Cited by 3
Telecare Service Challenge: Conflict Detection
Magill, E. H., & Blum, J. (2011) · International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2011.246080 · Cited by 3
von Haaren‐Mack, B., Bussmann, J. B. J., & Ebner‐Priemer, U. (2020) · The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781119057840.ch95 · Cited by 3
Self-citationBachmann, O., Grunschel, C., & Fries, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404767 · Cited by 7
Lutz, L., Veltmann, P., Meisterhans, R., & Giurgiu, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1623886 · Cited by 2
Rehder, J., Timm, I., Berretz, G., Reinhard, I., Neubauer, A. B., Güntürkün, O., Takano, K., Bierbauer, W., Cabrita, M., Bourke, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02427-2 · Cited by 4
Self-citationDo Childhood Emotional Lability and ADHD Symptoms Have Shared Neuropsychological Roots?
Liefferinge, D. V., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Danckaerts, M., Broeck, N. V., & der Oord, S. V. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09859-8 · Cited by 3
Shi, S., Zuo, K., & Xu, W. (2021) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.474 · Cited by 2
Letter from the New Editor-in-Chief
Editor-in-Chief, A. G. (2010) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000034 · Cited by 2
Goreis, A., Nater, U. M., & Mewes, R. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046697 · Cited by 2
Towards Smartphone-Based Assessment of Burnout
Tsiourti, C., & Wac, K. (2014) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05452-0_12 · Cited by 2
Gracey, C. D. (2011) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 2
Zhu, J., Pan, H., Zhou, J., Gao, Y., Xie, Z., Zhang, C., Li, Y., Liu, Q., Shen, M., & Niu, L. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117310 · Cited by 1
Ambulantes Assessment in der Schule. Den schulischen Alltag erfahrbar machen
Bugl, P., Schmid, J., & Gawrilow, C. (2015) · Pedocs (German Institute for International Educational Research) · doi:10.15496/publikation-10390 · Cited by 1
Assessing Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Using an iPhone Application
DeLeon, N. N. (2015)
A comparison of signal contingencies and response formats in ambulatory assessment
Himmelstein, P. H. (2018) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Behavioral assessment of adults in clinical settings
Haynes, S. N., O’Brien, W. H., & Kaholokula, J. K. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802203-0.00015-8 · Cited by 1
Bell, I. (2019) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Effects of cortisol on retrieval of extinction memory in individuals with social anxiety
Moriishi, C., Maeda, S., Ogishima, H., & Shimada, H. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100060
Kanning, M. K., Bollenbach, L., Schmitz, J., Niermann, C. Y. N., & Fina, S. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.39322
Lukka, L., Karhulahti, V., Bergman, V.-R., & Palva, J. M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4578807
Complementary Care to Promote Mental Health
(2023) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-3974-3
Moldavski, A., Benedyk, A., Reichert, M., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., & Tost, H. (2024) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-2426-9420
Höller, I., Santangelo, P., Dienst, F., Forkmann, T., & Forster, S. D. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100943 · Cited by 4
Introducing PROSPECT: a novel process for prospectively tracking research engagement
Craike, M. J., Pogrmilović, B. K., & Mowle, A. (2025) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-025-01414-9
Timm, I., Reichert, M., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Giurgiu, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26621215
Self-citationTimm, I., Reichert, M., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Giurgiu, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26621218
Self-citationFinkbeiner, M., Wahl, L.-M., Kühnhausen, J., Schmid, J., Hellwig, L., Brenner, V., Dürrwächter, U., Conzelmann, A., Kelava, A., Renner, T. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26597837
Finkbeiner, M., Wahl, L.-M., Kühnhausen, J., Schmid, J., Hellwig, L., Brenner, V., Dürrwächter, U., Conzelmann, A., Kelava, A., Renner, T. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26597846
Finkbeiner, M., Wahl, L.-M., Kühnhausen, J., Schmid, J., Hellwig, L., Brenner, V., Dürrwächter, U., Conzelmann, A., Kelava, A., Renner, T. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26597843
Jenny, G. J., & Schreiber, M. (2020) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
E-Coaching: Künstliche Intelligenz und andere digitale Trends
Tomoski, R., & Quirin, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-48449-1_13
Temporal dynamics of shame and guilt in adolescent NSSI: an ambulatory assessment study
Goreis, A., van Eickels, R. L., Chang, D., Klinger, D., Zesch, H. E., Prillinger, K., Pfeffer, B., Oehlke, S., Ebner‐Priemer, U., Claes, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1758601
Self-citationTrichotillomania: The interplay between emotional states, urges and hair pulling episodes
Gallinat, C., Wilhelm, M., Moessner, M., & Bauer, S. (2026) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2026.152727
Knauth, K., Brands, A. M. A., Peters, J., & Korkmaz, D. (2025) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment for Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder
Jaén, I., Mostazo-Arolo, M., & Lorente-Català, R. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70202
Henry, L. M., Byrne, M. E., Modell, J., Massac, L. A., Lewis, K. M., Haller, S. P., Naim, R., Kircanski, K., Pine, D. S., & Brotman, M. A. (2026) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70160
Metadata
- Authors
- Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Trull, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Missouri (US)
- ORCID
- Trull, Timothy J.
- Venue
- European Psychologist
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-119
- ISSN
- 1016-9040 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-531X
- OpenAlex
- W1994645569
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, real-time data acquisition, memory distortion, mood-congruent memory, peak-end rule, within-person processes, multimodal assessment, real-time feedback, clinical psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review