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Cited by 11CO2 Sequestration and Geologic InteractionsClimate Change and GeoengineeringMarine and coastal ecosystems

Influence of Wave Action on Applications of Olivine‐Based Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on Sandy Beaches

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England, Paige I., Bach, Lennart T.·2025·Geophysical Research Letters
DOI 10.1029/2025gl114922
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Abstract

Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is an emerging carbon dioxide removal approach that aims to store additional atmospheric CO 2 as (bi)carbonate in seawater. OAE can be realized through a variety of pathways, one of which is the dispersal of alkaline mineral sand on beaches where wave energy shall accelerate alkalinity formation. Here, we built a “Beach‐Machine” to simulate a gradient of wave energy and test its effect on alkalinity formation by olivine, a widely considered mineral for OAE. We find that wave energy strongly (linearly) increases alkalinity formation from olivine when energy input is beyond a certain threshold. However, when olivine is mixed with organic‐poor sand, energy input also increases the loss of alkalinity possibly by promoting precipitation reactions thereby canceling out the benefits of waves on alkalinity formation. Our experiments show that the effects of wave energy on OAE efficiency are dependent on the sediment where olivine‐based OAE is applied.

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  • As with fast-dissolving minerals, a dynamic interplay between dissolution and secondary precipitation can occur, resulting in less alkalinity addition than expected.

    “However, as with fast-dissolving minerals, a dynamic interplay between dissolution and secondary precipitation can occur, resulting in less alkalinity addition than expected. 22”

    From A framework for understanding efficiency losses of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (2026) · cites this paper as [22]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
England, P. I., & Bach, L. T.
Affiliations
University of Tasmania (AU)
Corresponding author
Bach, Lennart T.
ORCID
Venue
Geophysical Research Letters
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2025-04-24
Volume
52
Issue
8
ISSN
  • 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
  • 1944-8007
DOI
10.1029/2025gl114922
OpenAlex
W4409771438
Cited by
11
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5
FWCI
2.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • University of Tasmania
  • Australian Research Council (FT200100846)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
Keywords
ocean alkalinity enhancement, olivine, wave energy, carbon dioxide removal, carbonate precipitation, sandy beaches, sediment mineralogy

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