Olivine dissolution rates: A critical review
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Abstract The dissolution rates of olivine have been considered by a plethora of studies in part due to its potential to aid in carbon storage and the ease in obtaining pure samples for laboratory experiments. Due to the relative simplicity of its dissolution mechanism, most of these studies provide mutually consistent results such that a comparison of their rates can provide insight into the reactivity of silicate minerals as a whole. Olivine dissolution is controlled by the breaking of octahedral M2+-oxygen bonds at or near the surface, liberating adjoining SiO44− tetrahedra to the aqueous fluid. Aqueous species that adsorb to these bonds apparently accelerate their destruction. For example, the absorption of H+, H2O and, at some conditions, selected aqueous organic species will increase olivine dissolution rates. Nevertheless, other factors can slow olivine dissolution rates. Notably, olivine dissolution rates are slowed by lowering the surface area exposed to the reactive aqueous fluid, by for example the presence and/or growth on these surfaces of either microbes or secondary phases. The degree to which secondary phases decelerate rates depends on their ability to limit access of the reactive aqueous fluids to the olivine surface. It seems likely that these surface area limiting processes are very significant in natural systems, lowering olivine surface reactivity in many environments compared to rates measured on cleaned surfaces in the laboratory. A survey of the literature suggests that the major factors influencing forsteritic olivine dissolution rates are 1) pH, 2) water activity, 3) temperature, and 4) mineral-fluid interfacial surface area. Evidence suggests that the effects of aqueous inorganic and organic species are relatively limited, and may be attributed at least in part to their influence on aqueous solution pH. Moreover, the observed decrease in rates due to the presence of secondary mineral coatings and/or the presence of microbes can be attributed to their ability to decrease olivine surface area directly exposed to the reactive aqueous fluid. As the reactivity of forsterite surfaces are spatially heterogeneous, its surface area normalized rates will tend to decrease as it dissolves even in the absence of a mineral or bacterial coating. Each of these factors limits and or influences the application of forsterite dissolution to 1) enhanced weathering efforts, 2) mineral carbonation, and 3) the low temperature generation of hydrogen or hydrocarbons via the oxidation of its divalent iron.
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Forsterite dissolution increases monotonically with decreasing pH.
“Forsterite dissolution increases monotonically with decreasing pH.111,112”
From Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
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Role of Fe(II) Content in Olivine Carbonation in Wet Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
Wood, C. E., Qafoku, O., Loring, J. S., & Chaka, A. M. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00496 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fuhr, M., Ghasemizadeh, A., Geisler, T., & Kersten, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.827698 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Further, olivine dissolution rates (in laboratory experiments) are pH dependent, and decrease with increasing pH (Oelkers et al., 2018).”
BackgroundLow temperature carbonation and CO2 mineral trapping in altered hydrotalcite-rich ultrmafic rocks
Leila, M., Hazlett, R., George, P.-M., Šegvić, B., & Fustic, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16025-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In contrast, olivine and serpentine are characterized by strong Si-O bonding, which makes their dissolution significantly slower and limits the availability of Mg 2+ ions for carbonation reactions 68,69 .”
Pierozzi, A., Faulkner, N., Szucs, A. M., Terribili, L., Maddin, M., Meloni, F., Devkota, K., Zubovic, K. P., Guyett, P. C., & Rodriguez-Blanco, J. D. (2025) · Carbon Capture Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100510 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A framework for understanding efficiency losses of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Lunstrum, A., Keller, D., Hartmann, J., & Moras, C. (2026) · CDRxiv · doi:10.70212/cdrxiv.2026517.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Oelkers, E. H., Declercq, J., Saldi, G. D., Gislason, S. R., & Schott, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- ORCID
- Saldi, Giuseppe D.
- Venue
- Chemical Geology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 500
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 0009-2541 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2895951831
- Semantic Scholar
- d516b42eb29a1db3b454894d4c9170fe2988ab09
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- Chemical Geology (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (MC-ITN-317235, MC-RTN-35488)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Horizon 2020 (764760)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Keywords
- olivine dissolution, forsterite, dissolution kinetics, mineral-fluid interface, surface area, pH effect, water activity, temperature effects, enhanced weathering, CO2 mineralization, hydrogen production, hydrocarbon generation, iron oxidation
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