Atmospheric Correction for the Troposphere and Stratosphere in Radio Ranging Satellites
Abstract
Since the barometer measures the weight of the overlying atmosphere, it follows by the law of Gladstone and Dale that the height integral ∫(n − 1)dr of the atmospheric refractivity for radio microwaves, taken from ground level up to the top of the stratosphere, is in a dry atmosphere directly proportional to ground pressure. The refractivity integral, therefore, can be determined without detailed knowledge of the height distribution of the refractive index, which not only simplifies the derivation of refraction formulas in which atmospheric models have been used hitherto, but also improves their accuracy. The range correction for troposphere and stratosphere to be subtracted from the observed microwave distance will be given by the formula Δs(meters) = 0.002277 sec z[p + (1255/T + 0.05)e − 1.16 tan2 z] where z is the zenith distance, p is the total barometric pressure and e is the partial pressure of water vapor, both in millibars, and T is the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin.
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The excess path caused by dry atmosphere can be accurately predicted from air pressure on the ground, height, and latitude of the station.
“The excess path caused by dry atmosphere can be accurately predicted from air pressure on the ground, height, and latitude of the station 63 .”
From Intercontinental comparison of optical atomic clocks through very long baseline interferometry (2021) · cites this paper as [63]
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Resolution 1 of the 13th General Assembly
International Association of Geodesy (1963) · Bull. Geod.
UnresolvedThe physical theory of astronomical refraction (abstract
Saastamoinen (1970) · Eos Trans. AGU
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- Authors
- Saastamoinen, J.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Saastamoinen, J.
- Venue
- Geophysical Monograph Series
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union
- Published
- 2013-03-15
- Pages
- 247-251
- ISSN
- 0065-8448 (ISSN-L)
- 2328-8779
- OpenAlex
- W1535176033
- Semantic Scholar
- 012b36897f1c3f9d99cb6f9bbb98012eae001bdf
- Cited by
- 1,492
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 157.69
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geophysical monograph (publishedVersion)
- NPARC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Radio Wave Propagation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › GNSS positioning and interference
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Keywords
- atmospheric correction, troposphere, stratosphere, radio ranging, atmospheric pressure, zenith distance, range correction, water vapor pressure, atmospheric refraction
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