The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emotions and emotional communication in infants.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These micro-level affective exchanges play an important role in the development of the child’s capacity for self-regulation, particularly in regulating own emotional states (Tronick, 1989; Hofer, 1995).”
From Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance (2016) · cites this paper as Tronick, 1989
In the citing paper
“relationships with caregivers also provide an essential role in helping infants regulate their physical and emotional response to stressors (Tronick, 1989).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Tronick, 1989
In the citing paper
“Repeated experience with this type of caregiving allows the child to develop a sense of efficacy and agency and to use the full repertoire of emotional communication in a well-regulated manner (Tronick,1989).”
From Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach (2007) · cites this paper as Tronick,1989
Citations
Cites
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000129 · Cited by 4,882
Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000018 · Cited by 4,126
Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age.
Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., Tomasello, M., Butterworth, G., & Moore, C. (1998) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166214 · Cited by 2,727
Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.3.458 · Cited by 2,493
Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis.
Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387 · Cited by 1,866
Metadata
- Authors
- Tronick, E. Z.
- Corresponding author
- Tronick, Edward Z.
- ORCID
- Tronick, Edward Z.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-119
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W4205225999
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 9.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- infant emotions, emotional communication, infant social behavior, emotional development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Emotions and emotional communication in infants. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.112
- The paper
- Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.112
