What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality.
Abstract
Although psychologists know a great deal about leadership, persons who make decisions about real leaders seem largely to ignore their accumulated wisdom. In an effort to make past research more accessible, interpretable, and relevant to decision makers, this article defines leadership and then answers nine questions that routinely come up when practical decisions are made about leadership (e.g., whom to appoint, how to evaluate them, when to terminate them.
Cites (2)
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- Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations.Zaccaro, Stephen J., Foti, Roseanne J., Kenny, David A. · 1991 · Journal of Applied Psychology
Cited by (32)
- Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testingBrown, Michael E., Treviño, Linda K., Harrison, David A. · 2005 · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
- Ethical leadership: A review and future directionsBrown, Michael E., Treviño, Linda K. · 2006 · The Leadership Quarterly
- Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.Dirks, Kurt T., Ferrin, Donald L. · 2002 · Journal of Applied Psychology
- Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative reviewJudge, Timothy A., Bono, Joyce E., Ilies, Remus, Gerhardt, Megan W. · 2002 · Journal of Applied Psychology
- Followership theory: A review and research agendaUhl-Bien, Mary, Riggio, Ronald E., Lowe, Kevin B., Carsten, Melissa K. · 2014 · The Leadership Quarterly
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0003-066x.49.6.493
- The paper
- Hogan, R. T., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. C. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.49.6.493
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.