What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality.

Robert T. Hogan, Gordon J. Curphy, Joyce C. Hogan·1994·American Psychologist

Abstract

Although psychologists know a great deal about leadership, persons who make decisions about real leaders seem largely to ignore their accumulated wisdom. In an effort to make past research more accessible, interpretable, and relevant to decision makers, this article defines leadership and then answers nine questions that routinely come up when practical decisions are made about leadership (e.g., whom to appoint, how to evaluate them, when to terminate them.

Cites (2)

  1. Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
    McCrae, Robert R., Costa, Paul T. · 1987 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
  2. Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations.
    Zaccaro, Stephen J., Foti, Roseanne J., Kenny, David A. · 1991 · Journal of Applied Psychology

Show all 2 references

Cited by (32)

  1. Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing
    Brown, Michael E., Treviño, Linda K., Harrison, David A. · 2005 · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
  2. Ethical leadership: A review and future directions
    Brown, Michael E., Treviño, Linda K. · 2006 · The Leadership Quarterly
  3. Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.
    Dirks, Kurt T., Ferrin, Donald L. · 2002 · Journal of Applied Psychology
  4. Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review
    Judge, Timothy A., Bono, Joyce E., Ilies, Remus, Gerhardt, Megan W. · 2002 · Journal of Applied Psychology
  5. Followership theory: A review and research agenda
    Uhl-Bien, Mary, Riggio, Ronald E., Lowe, Kevin B., Carsten, Melissa K. · 2014 · The Leadership Quarterly

See all 1,309

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0003-066x.49.6.493
The paper
Hogan, R. T., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. C. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.49.6.493

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.