Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions.

Fletcher, Jack M., Shaywitz, Sally E., Shankweiler, Donald P., Katz, Leonard·1994·Journal of Educational Psychology

Abstract

To examine the validity of distinguishing children with reading disabilities according to discrepancy and low-achievement definitions, we obtained four assessments of expected reading achievement and two assessments of actual reading achievement for 199 children, 7.5-9.5 years old. These assessments were used to subdivide the sample into discrepancy and low-achievement definitional groups who were compared on 9 cognitive variables related to reading proficiency. Results did not support the validity of discrepancy versus low achievement definitions. Although differences between children with impaired reading and children without impaired reading were large, differences between those children with impaired reading who met IQ-based discrepancy definitions and those who met low reading achievement definitions were small or not significant

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Cited by (31)

  1. Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?
    Vellutino, Frank R., Fletcher, Jack M., Snowling, Margaret J., Scanlon, Donna M. · 2004 · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
  2. A definition of dyslexia
    Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A. · 2003 · Annals of Dyslexia
  3. Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word-level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: a 5-year longitudinal study.
    Wagner, Richard K., Torgesen, Joseph K., Rashotte, Carol A., Hecht, Steve A., Barker, Theodore A., Burgess, Stephen R., Donahue, John, Garon, Tamara · 1997 · Developmental Psychology
  4. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia
    Shaywitz, Bennett A, Shaywitz, Sally E, Pugh, Kenneth R, Mencl, W.Einar, Fulbright, Robert K, Skudlarski, Pawel, Constable, R.Todd, Marchione, Karen E, Fletcher, Jack M, Lyon, G.Reid et al. · 2002 · Biological Psychiatry
  5. Responsiveness-to-Intervention: Definitions, Evidence, and Implications for the Learning Disabilities Construct
    Fuchs, Douglas, Mock, Devery, Morgan, Paul L., Young, Caresa L. · 2003 · Learning Disabilities Research & Practice

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This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0022-0663.86.1.6
The paper
Fletcher, J. M., Shaywitz, S. E., Shankweiler, D. P., & Katz, L. (1994). Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.86.1.6

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