Learned helplessness in humans: A review and attribution-theory model.

Miller, Ivan W., Norman, William H.·1979·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.1.93

Cites (6)

  1. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
    Rotter, Julian B. · 1966 · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied
  2. Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
    Abramson, Lyn Y., Seligman, Martin E., Teasdale, John D. · 1978 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology
  3. Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
    Maier, Steven F., Seligman, Martin E. · 1976 · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
  4. Failure to escape traumatic shock.
    Seligman, Martin E., Maier, Steven F. · 1967 · Journal of Experimental Psychology
  5. Generality of learned helplessness in man.
    Hiroto, Donald S., Seligman, Martin E. · 1975 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
  6. Depression and learned helplessness in man
    Miller, William R., Seligman, Martin E. · 1975 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Cited by (17)

  1. Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
    Abramson, Lyn Y., Seligman, Martin E., Teasdale, John D. · 1978 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology
  2. Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.
    Berkowitz, Leonard · 1989 · Psychological Bulletin
  3. Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon.
    Susan E. Jackson, Richard L. Schwab, Randall S. Schüler · 1986 · Journal of Applied Psychology
  4. Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence.
    Peterson, Christopher, Seligman, Martin E. · 1984 · Psychological Review
  5. Four systems for emotion activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes.
    Carroll E. Izard · 1993 · Psychological Review

See all 300

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Learned helplessness in humans: A review and attribution-theory model. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0033-2909.86.1.93
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Miller, I. W., & Norman, W. H. (1979). Learned helplessness in humans: A review and attribution-theory model. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.86.1.93

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