Cited by 7,766Education, Achievement, and GiftednessHuman Behavior and MotivationBehavioral Health and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Locke, Edwin A., Latham, Gary P.·2002·American Psychologist

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705

Cites

129 of 129 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

7 more claims about this paper

Create a free account to see every claim other papers make about this one.

See all claims — free account

Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Untitled work
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,281
Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations
Longshore, J. M., & Bass, B. M. (1987) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258081 · Cited by 12,412
Research in Organizational Behavior.
Grimes, A. J., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392975 · Cited by 10,899
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
Motivational processes affecting learning.
Dweck, C. S. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.10.1040 · Cited by 6,971
Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5278 · Cited by 5,483
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Tosi, H. L., Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1991) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258875 · Cited by 4,839
Self-citation

Show all 131 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Atkinson, 1958, Towards experimental analysis of human motivation in terms of motives, expectancies and incentives., 288
Bandura, 1986, Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive theory.
Howard, 1988, Managerial lives in transition.
Kanfer, 1970, Self-regulation: Research, issues and speculation., 178
Locke, 1997, The motivation to work: What we know., Vol. 10, 375
Locke, 1997, Participation in decision-making: An information exchange perspective., Vol. 15, XXX
Ryan, 1970, Intentional behavior.
Vroom, 1964, The motivation to work.
Wood, 1990, Goal setting and strategy effects on complex tasks., Vol. 12, 73

Items 3,801–3,900 of 6,066

Collaboration between individuals and AI: fusing mental effort and AI for work meaningfulness
Vodiškar, M., & Ruiner, C. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02772-2 · Cited by 6
Examining performance changes using multiple goal setting with a focus on the SMART principle
Shokri, S., Aghdasi, M., & Behzadnia, B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31819-z · Cited by 3
“This theory states that the effectiveness of goal setting is achieved through four mechanisms: guidance, increased effort, persistence, and strategy discovery 4 .”
The effect of an 8-week mental training program on ITN test performances of tennis players
Yalçın, İ., Genç, H., Bayram, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01463-1 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, it supports the setting of goals along with the athlete’s motivation [30].”
Beyond the office: an examination of remote work, social and job features on individual satisfaction and engagement
Cappetta, R., CASCIO, S. L., Magni, M., & Marsico, A. (2025) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-04-2024-0357 · Cited by 8
Incorporating gamification into blended CALL models: language proficiency, motivation, and engagement in EFL learners
Li, X., & Shakibaei, G. (2026) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2026.2613724 · Cited by 5
When SMART Isn't Always Best: An Investigation of Emergency Medicine Resident Goal Setting Practices
Tsyrulnik, A., Nord, G., Regan, L. A., Hopson, L. R., Coughlin, R. F., & Branzetti, J. B. (2026) · AEM Education and Training · doi:10.1002/aet2.70125 · Cited by 3
“Goal Setting Theory provides much of the rationale and evidence that undergirds current goal setting practices in HPE [5, 24].”
The era of globalization in responsible human resource management: A bibliometric study on the influence of cultural diversity and competency in organizations
Rajput, S., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, R. A., et al. (2026) · Responsible Business Review · doi:10.22495/rbrv2i1p2 · Cited by 3
Coaching and its effectiveness in organizations: Reflecting on a decade of research, looking forward to future challenges
Woods, S. A., Jones, R. J., & Guillaume, Y. R. F. (2026) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.70115 · Cited by 3
Engineering Curriculum Design - Understanding motivational variables and their influence on self-directed learners when using 1:1 mobile devices.
Firipis, A., Joordens, M., & Chandrasekaran, S. (2017) · International Journal for Innovation Education and Research · doi:10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss9.816 · Cited by 2
Effects of a Standardized Curriculum on Physical Activity and Body Composition in After-School Program Participants with BMI Scores above the 90th Percentile: Assessing Theory-based Predictors
Annesi, J. J. (2019) · Psychosocial Intervention · doi:10.5093/pi2019a2 · Cited by 3
‘Road to the Belt’ of a Female Mixed Martial Arts Fighter
Floresca, J. A., & Uy, G. L. (2019) · Education Quarterly Reviews · doi:10.31014/aior.1993.02.04.102 · Cited by 4
Grup Hedefleri Bağlamında Transformasyonel Liderliğin Satış Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Satış Yaratıcılığının Aracılık Rolü (The Mediating Role of Sales Creativity in the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Sales Performance in the Context of Group Goals)
AKHAN, C. E., Kalemci, E., & Altıntaş, M. H. (2020) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2020.847 · Cited by 3
A Hybrid Intervention Combining Group-Based Physical Activity and an Individual Goal-Oriented Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Pre-Post Intervention Study
Imai, Y., Naruse, H., Kurita, R., Hiratani, M., & Tomori, K. (2020) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2020.1856793 · Cited by 3
Information on Averted Infections Increased Perceived Efficacy of Regulations and Intentions to Follow Them
Katzir, M., & Liberman, N. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550620986288 · Cited by 3
“The good news about bad news”: Information about past organizational failure and its impact on worker productivity
Jeworrek, S., Mertins, V., & Vlassopoulos, M. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101500 · Cited by 3
Reframing Social Policy for Welfare and Equal Opportunities in a Digital Culture
Bäckman, G. (2022) · Social Development Issues · doi:10.3998/sdi.1821 · Cited by 3
Resources Matter
Reif, J. A. M., Spieß, E., & Pfaffinger, K. F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58498-6_5 · Cited by 3
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MANAGEMENT (PMM) IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: THE INSIGHTS FROM LITERATURE
Rahman, L. A., & Khalid, S. N. A. (2022) · Journal of Information System and Technology Management · doi:10.35631/jistm.727010 · Cited by 3
Penerapan Goal Setting Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa : Pendekatan Eskperimen Non-Randomized Control Trial
Fauziyah, S., Affandi, G. R., & Fahmawati, Z. N. (2023) · Psycho Idea · doi:10.30595/psychoidea.v21i1.16476 · Cited by 3
Gamification and Motivation
Palomino, P. T., Rodrigues, L., & Toda, A. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31949-5_2 · Cited by 8
Proactive vitality management, goal attainment, and psychological well‐being among college students: A weekly diary study
Ren, Y., Wang, H., & Li, C. J. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12520 · Cited by 6
The Goal to Perform in Readers’ Theater Motivates Boys Who Struggle With Reading
Hautala, J., Karhunen, R., Junttila, E., Ronimus, M., & Young, C. (2024) · Journal of Research in Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/02568543.2023.2301092 · Cited by 9
“This is important, as specific goals are generally known to support learning and motivation (Locke & Latham, 2002).”
Background
Emotional Intelligence among Banking Professionals
Rastogi, S. (2024) · Journal of Informatics Education and Research · doi:10.52783/jier.v4i1.588 · Cited by 3
Adapting goals and motivational messages on smartphones for motivation to walk
Rei, D., Clavel, C., Martin, J., & Ravenet, B. (2024) · Smart Health · doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100482 · Cited by 3
A theoretical analysis of the implications of self-determination theory in explaining the effectiveness of feedback-seeking behaviors and the seeker's reaction to feedback: A research agenda
Alavi, S. B. (2024) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101091 · Cited by 4
What Determines Financial Sustainability in Local Government? Evidence from Aceh Province, Indonesia
Syahriyal, S., Abdullah, S., & Meutia, R. (2024) · Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia · doi:10.23917/reaksi.v8i3.3106 · Cited by 3
How’s Your Sewing? Investigating Metrics to Automatically Assess Sewing Expertise
Lahaye, M., Rahm, R., Dymek, A., Wagner, A., Ernstberger, J., & Borchers, J. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3651067 · Cited by 4
“Overall, this can lead to project execution issues, potentially resulting in adverse effects [29] like cognitive overload [22, 25], frustration [21], and material waste.”
Background
The impacts of relevance of recommendations and goal commitment on user experience in news recommender design
Pu, Z., & Beam, M. A. (2024) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/s11257-024-09405-1 · Cited by 5
“Goal setting theory (Locke & Latham 2002) proposed that a clear goal, such as setting a goal for information seeking in the news consumption context, motivated people and fostered success.”
What are the Impacts on Community Wellbeing of Social Relations in Conservation Projects?
Barclay, K., Fabinyi, M., Song, A. Y., Ota, Y., Vandenberg, J. M., & McClean, N. (2024) · Conservation and Society · doi:10.4103/cs.cs_103_22 · Cited by 4
The Role of Innovation Management Tools in Generating Innovation Market Success
Hafkesbrink, J., & Schaff, A. (2024) · Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0007 · Cited by 3
Self-talk, Goal Setting, and Visualization
Jones, M. I., & Mattie, P. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003378969-6 · Cited by 4
The successful experience of gymnastics world champion coach: an interview analysis
Liu, X., Weng, X., Qin, H., Ma, S., & Wang, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1405589 · Cited by 7
“In addition, Locke and Latham (2002) summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal setting theory and found that emphasizing the importance of goal setting for individual effort and focus.”
Background
Impact investment preferences for carbon target difficulty, progress and science-based approval
Gottlieb, U., & Edenbrandt, A. K. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100960 · Cited by 3
Human Resource Management Strategy: Integrating Psychological Perspectives through Qualitative Description and Literature Review
Halim, A., Susianah, S., Gunawan, G., Mansyur, A., & Tirtawana, M. (2024) · Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management · doi:10.52970/grhrm.v4i2.484 · Cited by 12
“For instance, research by Locke and Latham (2002) highlighted the role of goal-setting in motivating employees to achieve higher levels of performance.”
Background
Understanding transversal leadership in public organizations: conceptualization and development of a measurement scale
Grøn, A. B., & Jacobsen, C. B. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2024.2402343 · Cited by 6
“To heighten the probability of success, the shared goals should be clear and obtainable (Locke and Latham 2002).”
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE, SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
LUC, P. T. (2024) · Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1142/s1084946724500158 · Cited by 5
Teacher goal setting for personalized learning software: Associations with perceptions of the value of software and growth mindsets
Altermatt, E. R., & Rorrer, A. K. (2024) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2024.2411697 · Cited by 3
“This finding would be consistent with literature indicating that students benefit when they are working toward goals that are specific, challenging, and attainable (Locke & Latham, 2002; Martin & Elliot, 2016).”
Motivated information avoidance in an mHealth weight loss intervention: Associations between unmet behavioral goals and likelihood of viewing program messages
Hurley, L., Nezami, B. T., Valle, C. G., & Tate, D. F. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241287365 · Cited by 3
Advanced Integration of ES-MADM II in HRM: A Balanced Approach to Appraisal and Promotion Decisions
Kiratsoudis, S., & Tsiantos, V. (2024) · Information · doi:10.3390/info15120767 · Cited by 3
Motivation in veterans with an acute/subacute ischemic stroke did not improve cognition and functional motor recovery but reduced deaths
Rabadi, M. H., & Chao, X. U. (2024) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08563-0 · Cited by 3
Appraisal Process, Merit Pay and Performance: Evidence From a Longitudinal Survey of School Teachers in England and Wales
Marsden, D. W., & Sezer, L. A. (2024) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/bjir.12869 · Cited by 4
Dual‐System Collaborative Model of Prosocial Risky Behavior and Cognitive Computation: A Review
Liu, C., Zhao, B., Zhan, Y., Hu, P., & Mai, X. (2024) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.822 · Cited by 3
“The goal represents the benefits that an individual expects to gain from PRB, while the baseline defines the minimum expected value of those benefits (Locke and Latham 2002).”
Strategic planning: unraveling civil servants’ autonomy and motivation through social representations of organizational goals
Nonato, C. B., Filho, J. R. F., & Michelotto, F. D. P. (2024) · Revista de Administração Pública · doi:10.1590/0034-761220240128x · Cited by 3
Strategic alignment and its effects on employee engagement: empirical evidences from Ethiopian education sector
Gede, D. U. (2025) · International Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/12294659.2025.2454058 · Cited by 4
“…model, and self-determination theory help explain this relationship, suggesting that clear goals provide employees with a sense of purpose, direction, and meaningfulness, which in turn fosters higher levels of engagement (Locke & Latham, 2002; Ryan & Deci, 2000; Xanthopoulou et al., 2007).”
Data Science for Learning Analytics
Vetrivel, S. C., Vidhyapriya, P., & Arun, V. P. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8292-9.ch018 · Cited by 3
The role of conscientiousness in meeting psychological needs: A whole trait theory perspective
Story, P. A., Bailey, Z., & Foo, N. G. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113138 · Cited by 4
Nudging Health Behavior Change Among Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Scoping Review
Yang, Z. Y., Jin, D., Huang, H., Zheng, X., Liu, S., & Wang, A. (2025) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s515523 · Cited by 5
“According to goal setting theory, 77,78 goals possess an inherent motivational quality that can convert an individual’s needs into effective efforts.”
The chain mediating effect of emotional regulation ability and exercise persistence on college students’ sleep and cardiopulmonary endurance
Mu, F.-Z., Zhou, B.-W., Li, B., Lou, H., Zhu, W., Chen, X.-H., Chang, M., Wu, Q., Zhao, L.-L., & Liu, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90662-4 · Cited by 4
“Conversely, individuals with high exercise adherence are more likely to improve their sense of accomplishment and responsibility, thereby effectively achieving specific predetermined goals 60,61 .”
Blessing or curse? When and why stretch goal promotes and inhibits employee job progression
Shi, Y., Mao, J., & Xu, J. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.70019 · Cited by 5
Developing theoretically grounded strategies to enable and promote patient and public involvement in implementation research studies
Semkina, A., Boulton, R., Sevdalis, N., Jones, F., & Markham, S. (2025) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-025-00702-6 · Cited by 3
“In line with the Goal-Setting Theory [35], setting a more challenging task for people results in their increased confidence and them setting higher goals for their own performance.”
Volunteering in adaptive sport: effects of altruistic and egoistic motivation on performance and sustained intention
Han, K., & Kim, K. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1592202 · Cited by 8
“The relationship between motivation and in-role performance is well-documented across various organizational settings (27, 56).”
The Effects of Emotional and Interaction Factors on Consumer Behavior in Virtual CSR Co-Creation: The Mediating Role of Social Presence
Yang, F., Song, Y., Zhang, H., & Hu, J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17104366 · Cited by 3
Assessing Tour Guides’ Self-leadership Qualities in a Developing Country
Sumanapala, D., Wolf, I. D., & Galahitiyawe, N. W. K. (2025) · Journal of Interpretation Research · doi:10.1177/10925872251341836 · Cited by 5
“Self-leadership comprises strategies relating to self-awareness of behavior (Behavior Awareness), motivation towards tasks (Task Motivation), and constructive thought patterns (Constructive Cognition) (Cantor, 2003; Condon, 2011; Locke, 2002) to enhance individual performance.”
Sweet poison: how benevolent sexism hinders Chinese female employees’ career growth
Man, S., Zhang, X., & Fan, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03578-z · Cited by 4
“Individuals set goals, devise plans, take actions to achieve these goals, and assess and adapt their behavior according to the progress achieved [76].”
Research on the influence of human capital and social capital on subjective and objective employment quality paths of graduate students in China
Zhang, T., Gao, R. B., Yang, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1525049 · Cited by 3
Facilitating the Process of Globally Distributed Development-Focused Research Teams
McWha‐Hermann, I., Carr, S. C., & MacLachlan, M. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137015228_4 · Cited by 3
Aktueller und erwünschter Obst- und Gemüsekonsum bei Studierenden
Sieverding, M., & Scheiter, F. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149/a000069 · Cited by 3
Mental Preparation Techniques and Accomplishment of Race Goals by Ironman Triathletes: A Qualitative Investigation
Frimmel, K., Czech, D. R., Harris, B. S., Melton, B. F., & Biber, D. D. (2017) · Journal of Sports Science · doi:10.17265/2332-7839/2017.03.003 · Cited by 3
Development of An Inventory to Classify Task Commitment Type in Science Learning and Its Application to Classify Students' Types
Kim, W.-J., Byeon, J.-H., & Kwon, Y.-J. (2013) · Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education · doi:10.14697/jkase.2013.33.3.679 · Cited by 4
The Effectiveness of Utilizing a Combination of External Visual and Auditory Cues as a Gait Training Strategy in a Pharmaceutically Untreated Patient with Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report
Dvorsky, B. P., Elgelid, S., & Chau, C. W. (2011) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.3109/02703181.2011.625107 · Cited by 3
Assumptions embedded in wh-questions: An interactional approach to the analysis of goal setting
Schoeb, V. (2014) · Studies in Communication Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.scoms.2014.03.003 · Cited by 3
Crew goal setting for security control
Wetter, O. E., Hofer, F., & Jonas, K. W. (2012) · Journal of Transportation Security · doi:10.1007/s12198-012-0102-y · Cited by 3
Communicating information systems goals: A case in internet banking security
Koskosas, I. V. (2009) · Computer Science and Information Systems · doi:10.2298/csis0901071k · Cited by 3
The impact of career visions on work attitudes: a longitudinal approach
Holtschlag, C., & Masuda, A. D. (2011) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620431111187281 · Cited by 3
Integrated and Personalized Diabetes Coach for Children
Harris, A., Durresi, A., Tüceryan, M., et al. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA) · doi:10.1109/waina.2015.120 · Cited by 3
Dimensions in Appraising Fatigue in Relation to Performance
van Dam, A., Keijsers, G. P. J., Eling, P., & Becker, E. S. (2011) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2011.29134 · Cited by 3
Construir e mobilizar conhecimentos numa relação crítica com os saberes
Crahay, M., & Marcoux, G. (2016) · Cadernos de Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/198053143575 · Cited by 3
Einsatz strukturierter Interviewtechniken bei der Auswahl von Wissenschaftler_innen
Winkler, B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48112-7_8 · Cited by 3
Selbstberichtskalen zur Erfassung motivationsbezogener Kompetenzen (MOBEKO) im Studium
Schaller, P., & Spinath, B. (2017) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000176 · Cited by 5
WHY DOES IT MATTER? EXPLAINING THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEMENTARY STUDIES TO FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Donald, J. R., Lachapelle, S., Sasso, T., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) · doi:10.24908/pceea.v0i0.6474 · Cited by 3
The failed implementation of performance management in Irish central government
McGeough, F., & Beck, M. P. (2018) · Financial Accountability and Management · doi:10.1111/faam.12155 · Cited by 3
The Importance of Task Complexity When Rewarding Nonfinancial Performance
Berger, L. (2018) · Journal of Management Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jmar-52220 · Cited by 3
Führen mit Zielen
Hoffmann, C., & Pfister, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55810-2_15 · Cited by 5
Impact of performance appraisal reactions on affective organizational commitment and work performance
Husain, K. (2017) · Journal of Economic Info · doi:10.31580/jei.v4i3.94 · Cited by 3
Leadership et motivation : étude qualitative sur le leadership transformationnel et la motivation de service public
Andersen, L. B., Bjørnholt, B., Bro, L. L., & Holm‐Petersen, C. (2018) · Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives · doi:10.3917/risa.844.0697 · Cited by 6
How group goal setting mediates the link between individual-level emotion-related factors and team performance
Петитта, Л., & Jiang, L. (2019) · Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/jts5.54 · Cited by 4
Having Two Conflicting Goals in Mind: The Tension Between IS Security and Privacy when Avoiding Threats
Olt, C. M., & Wagner, A. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.516 · Cited by 3
Best Practices for Interprofessional Education Debriefing in Medical Simulation
Webster, K. L. W., & Keebler, J. R. (2020) · Comprehensive healthcare simulation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28845-7_5 · Cited by 3
BİSİKLET KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN MOTİVASYON KAYNAKLARI ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Kaynak, S., & Özünlü, M. B. (2019) · Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33689/spormetre.560168 · Cited by 3
The Moderating Effect of Employee Satisfaction on the Relationship of Goal-Setting and Purposes, Fairness and Rating Scale Format with Employee Job Performance
Khan, M. A., Hussain, A., & Khan, M. H. (2020) · Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies · doi:10.26710/jbsee.v6i1.1066 · Cited by 3
Changing Behavior in the Digital Age
Kavanagh, D. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.029 · Cited by 4
Career Development of Women: An International Perspective
Leung, S. A., & Cinamon, R. G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.024 · Cited by 4
Understanding Gender Inequality in Poverty and Social Exclusion through a Psychological Lens: Scarcities, Stereotypes, and Suggestions
Zhang, M. F., & Gordon, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.033 · Cited by 3
Using Digital Coaching to Promote Physical Activity to University Students with Low Levels of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Intervention Study
Kettunen, E. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.152 · Cited by 5
The psychology of health-related behaviour change
Campbell-Danesh, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821573-9.00003-5 · Cited by 3
Laying a Ghost to Rest? The Role of Employee Involvement in the Selection of Performance Goals
Petersen, N. B. G. (2020) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2020.1817109 · Cited by 3
How to Manage the Components of Financial Sustainability in Local Governments
Santis, S., Incollingo, A., & Citro, F. (2021) · Journal of Management and Sustainability · doi:10.5539/jms.v11n2p111 · Cited by 3
Förderung selbstregulierten Lernens durch ein KI-gestütztes Training
Wirzberger, M., & Schwarz, M. (2021) · Bildung und Erziehung · doi:10.13109/buer.2021.74.3.280 · Cited by 5
Emotional Manipulation and Task Distraction as Strategy: The Effects of Insulting Trash Talk on Motivation and Performance in a Competitive Setting
McDermott, K. C. P., & Lachlan, K. A. (2021) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2021.1975139 · Cited by 4
Antecedentes do Compromisso com as Metas Orçamentárias
Bernd, D. C., Beuren, I. M., Pazetto, C. F., & Lavarda, C. E. F. (2021) · Revista de Administração Contemporânea · doi:10.1590/1982-7849rac2022200018.por · Cited by 3
The relationship between achievement goals and meaningful work
Ichimura, K., Kawamura, Y., Masuda, M., Ikawa, M., Takahashi, Y., & Kusumi, T. (2022) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.93.20333 · Cited by 3
Developing position-based base pay systems
Shields, J. L., & Dolle-Samuel, C. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139197120.011 · Cited by 3
TAGSET FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' EDUCATIONAL GOALS
Foll, F. W. A. E. L. (2020) · Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age · doi:10.33965/celda2020_202014l004 · Cited by 3
Implementation and evaluation of a physical activity counselling programme in primary care among cancer survivors: SoDA study protocol
Huizinga, F., Westerink, N.-D. L., Berendsen, A. J., Walenkamp, A., Greef, M. H. G. D., de Bock, G. H., Berger, M. Y., & Brandenbarg, D. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060098 · Cited by 5
Does it work? Using a Meta-Impact score to examine global effects in quasi-experimental intervention studies
Doyle, N., McDowall, A., Randall, R., & Knight, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265312 · Cited by 8
Goals in Coaching Practice
Grant, A. M., & O’Connor, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81938-5_32 · Cited by 5
Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy and Self Esteem as Predictors of Academic Performance in Mathematics among Junior Secondary School Students in Edo State
Asika, M. O. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.53935/2641-533x.v4i2.158 · Cited by 3
Zielklarheit
Mauermann, F., Schäfer, J., & Braun, O. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57909-1_9 · Cited by 3
Dönüştürücü Liderliğin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Üzerindeki Etkisi ve Duygusal Bağlılığın Düzenleyici Rolü
Zeynel, E. (2022) · Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18037/ausbd.1136350 · Cited by 3
Gamification in Academia
Kratochvíl, T., Vaculík, M., Procházka, J., & Hamari, J. (2022) · International Journal of Game-Based Learning · doi:10.4018/ijgbl.304433 · Cited by 3

Authors: Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID: Locke, Edwin A.
Latham, Gary P.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Pages: 705-717
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705
OpenAlex: W4237356565
Cited by: 7,766
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 527 · 2025: 509 · 2024: 464 · 2023: 511 · 2022: 428 · 2021: 456 · 2020: 540 · 2019: 467 · 2018: 460 · 2017: 421 · 2016: 395 · 2015: 408 · 2014: 370 · 2013: 313 · 2012: 333
FWCI: 59.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: goal setting, task motivation, motivation theories, goal difficulty, goal specificity, feedback, task difficulty
MeSH terms: Goals, Humans, Motivation, Psychological Theory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources