Cited by 1,314Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Development of concern for others.

Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn, Radke-Yarrow, Marian, Wagner, Elizabeth, Chapman, Michael·1992·Developmental Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126

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Abstract

The development of prosocial and reparative bebaviors was investigated by examining children's responses to distresses they caused and those they witnessed in others during the 2nd year of life. Prosocial behaviors (help, sharing, provision of comfort) emerged between the ages of 1 and 2, increasing in frequency and variety over this time period. These behaviors were linked to expressions of concern as well as efforts to understand and experience the other's plight. Children's reparative behaviors after they had caused distress also increased with age. Age changes in these early signs of moral development were accompanied by social-cognitive changes in self-recognition. In assessments at age 2, children were most responsive to distress in their mothers but also showed some sensitivity toward unfamiliar persons

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Enfield, N. J., & Sidnell, J. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190846466.003.0013 · Cited by 25
A Relational Framework for Integrating the Study of Empathy in Children and Adults
Main, A., & Kho, C. (2019) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073919868755 · Cited by 25

Authors: Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M.
ORCID: Wagner, Elizabeth
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1992-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 126-136
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126
OpenAlex: W2010606127
Cited by: 1,314
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 14.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: prosocial behavior, concern for others, moral development, toddlers, empathy, self-recognition, social cognition, helping behavior, sharing, comfort behavior, maternal attachment, age differences

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