Cited by 1,314Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Development of concern for others.

Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn, Radke-Yarrow, Marian, Wagner, Elizabeth, Chapman, Michael·1992·Developmental Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The development of prosocial and reparative bebaviors was investigated by examining children's responses to distresses they caused and those they witnessed in others during the 2nd year of life. Prosocial behaviors (help, sharing, provision of comfort) emerged between the ages of 1 and 2, increasing in frequency and variety over this time period. These behaviors were linked to expressions of concern as well as efforts to understand and experience the other's plight. Children's reparative behaviors after they had caused distress also increased with age. Age changes in these early signs of moral development were accompanied by social-cognitive changes in self-recognition. In assessments at age 2, children were most responsive to distress in their mothers but also showed some sensitivity toward unfamiliar persons

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Darwin, C. D. (1872) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.1037/10001-000 · Cited by 12,120
Play, Dreams And Imitation In Childhood
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009698 · Cited by 5,404
The Interpersonal World of the Infant
Stern, D. N. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429482137 · Cited by 5,306
The Moral Judgment Of The Child
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009681 · Cited by 4,409
Civilization and Its Discontents
Freud, S. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv19fvzzk.47 · Cited by 4,263
Imitation of Facial and Manual Gestures by Human Neonates
Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.75 · Cited by 3,277
A Handbook of Child Psychology
(1934) · Nature · doi:10.1038/133515b0 · Cited by 2,295
Sex differences in empathy and related capacities.
Eisenberg, N., & Lennon, R. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.100 · Cited by 1,410
Evidence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives
Batson, C. D., & Shaw, L. L. (1991) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0202_1 · Cited by 1,274
From First Words to Grammar: Individual Differences and Dissociable Mechanisms
Bates, E. A., Bretherton, I., Snyder, L. S., & Beeghly, M. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,054

Show all 53 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 998

Better Living Through Perspective Taking
Hodges, S. D., Clark, B. A., & Myers, M. W. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9938-9_12 · Cited by 58
The Logic of Good Social Relations
Kolm, S. (2000) · Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-8292.00139 · Cited by 58
Aspectos conceptuales de la agresión: definición y modelos explicativos [Theoretical issues on aggression: concept and models]
Ángel, M., & González, M. J. (2006) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.4.2.478 · Cited by 73
‘ Canis empathicus ’? A proposal on dogs' capacity to empathize with humans
Silva, K., & de Sousa, L. (2011) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0083 · Cited by 58
How do men and women help? Validation of a multidimensional measure of prosocial behavior
Nielson, M. G., Padilla‐Walker, L. M., & Holmes, E. K. (2017) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.006 · Cited by 57
Children’s altruistic behavior in context: The role of emotional responsiveness and culture
Rajhans, P., Altvater‐Mackensen, N., Vaish, A., & Großmann, T. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep24089 · Cited by 65
The Development of Prosocial Emotions
Vaish, A., & Hepach, R. (2019) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073919885014 · Cited by 60
Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS)
Antshel, K. M., AbdulSabur, N. Y., Roizen, N., Fremont, W. P., & Kates, W. R. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2803_6 · Cited by 54
Social competence and empathy in young children with cochlear implants and with normal hearing
Ketelaar, L., Rieffe, C. J., Wiefferink, C. H., & Frijns, J. H. M. (2012) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.23544 · Cited by 60
Callous-Unemotional Behaviors and Harsh Parenting: Reciprocal Associations across Early Childhood and Moderation by Inherited Risk
Trentacosta, C. J., Waller, R. E., Neiderhiser, J. M., Shaw, D. S., Natsuaki, M. N., Ganiban, J. M., Reiss, D., Leve, L. D., & Hyde, L. W. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0482-y · Cited by 63
CONDUCTA PROSOCIAL Y RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES ESPAÑOLES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA OBLIGATORIA
Inglés, C. J., Benavides, G., Pacheco, J. R., García-Fernández, J. M., Esteban, C. R., Estévez, C., & Hernández, E. H. (2009) · Hispana · Cited by 55
Prenatal and early childhood home‐visitation program processes: A case illustration
Kitzman, H. J., Yoos, H. L., Cole, R., Korfmacher, J., & Hanks, C. A. (1997) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199701)25:1 · Cited by 19
Do infant sociomoral evaluation and action studies predict preschool social and behavioral adjustment?
Tan, E., Mikami, A. Y., & Hamlin, J. K. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.003 · Cited by 57
BABY EMPATHY: INFANT DISTRESS AND PEER PROSOCIAL RESPONSES
Liddle, M.-J. E., Bradley, B. S., & McGrath, A. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21519 · Cited by 54
Infant Differential Behavioral Responding to Discrete Emotions
Walle, E. A., Reschke, P. J., Camras, L. A., & Campos, J. J. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000307 · Cited by 48
Why should any body have a self?
Hohwy, J., & Michael, J. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/fm4cr · Cited by 54
Relations of Inhibition and Emotion-Related Parenting to Young Children's Prosocial and Vicariously Induced Distress Behavior
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Taylor, Z., & Liew, J. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12934 · Cited by 53
The Science of Early Moral Development: on Defining, Constructing, and Studying Morality from Birth
Dahl, A. (2018) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2018.11.001 · Cited by 63
Definitions and Developmental Processes in Research on Infant Morality
Dahl, A. (2014) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000364919 · Cited by 54
Young children’s picture-books as a forum for the socialization of emotion
Garner, P. W., & Parker, T. S. (2018) · Journal of Early Childhood Research · doi:10.1177/1476718x18775760 · Cited by 39
The development of infant detection of inauthentic emotion.
Walle, E. A., & Campos, J. J. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035305 · Cited by 51
Attachment Security as a Foundation for Kindness Toward Self and Others
Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Sahdra, B. K., & Gross, J. T. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.15 · Cited by 52
Children’s story stem responses: a measure of program impact on developmental risks associated with dysfunctional parenting
Robinson, J. L., Hérot, C., Haynes, P. L., & Mantz-Simmons, L. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00117-9 · Cited by 52
Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Girls
Koenig, K. M., & Tsatsanis, K. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48674-1_7 · Cited by 51
The Effect of Religion on Parenting in Order to Guide Parents in the Way They Parent: A Systematic Review
Petro, M. R., Rich, E. G., Erasmus, C. J., & Roman, N. V. (2017) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2017.1341823 · Cited by 51
Moral Reasoning: Theory and Research in Developmental Science
Dahl, A., & Killen, M. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn410 · Cited by 51
Novel paradigms to measure variability of behavior in early childhood: posture, gaze, and pupil dilation
Hepach, R., Vaish, A., & Tomasello, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00858 · Cited by 50
Early socialization of prosocial behavior: Patterns in parents’ encouragement of toddlers’ helping in an everyday household task
Waugh, W. E., Brownell, C. A., & Pollock, B. E. (2015) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.12.010 · Cited by 50
Cry Babies and Pollyannas: Infants Can Detect Unjustified Emotional Reactions
Chiarella, S. S., & Poulin‐Dubois, D. (2013) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12028 · Cited by 50
Participation in Inclusive Preschool Programs and Sensitivity to the Needs of Others
Diamond, K. E., & Carpenter, E. S. (2000) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/105381510002300203 · Cited by 49
Young Children Show the Bystander Effect in Helping Situations
Plötner, M., Over, H., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615569579 · Cited by 50
The Effect of Bullying and Victimization on Cognitive Empathy Development During the Transition to Middle School
Williford, A., Boulton, A. J., Forrest-Bank, S. S., Bender, K. A., Dieterich, W. A., & Jenson, J. M. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9343-9 · Cited by 49
Maternal Depression Across the First Years of Life Impacts the Neural Basis of Empathy in Preadolescence
Pratt, M., Goldstein, A., Lévy, J., & Feldman, R. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.012 · Cited by 52
Toddlers' Reactions to the Distress of Familiar Peers: The Importance of Context
Demetriou, H., & Hay, D. F. (2004) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0602_9 · Cited by 49
Neuroscience meets social psychology: An integrative approach to human empathy and prosocial behavior.
Hein, G., & Singer, T. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12061-006 · Cited by 50
Predicting Sympathy and Prosocial Behavior From Young Children's Dispositional Sadness
Edwards, A., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Reiser, M., Eggum, N. D., & Liew, J. (2014) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12084 · Cited by 48
Individual differences in toddlers’ social understanding and prosocial behavior: disposition or socialization?
Gross, R. L., Drummond, J. K., Satlof‐Bedrick, E., Waugh, W. E., Svetlova, M., & Brownell, C. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00600 · Cited by 48
Child and family correlates of toddlers' emotional and behavioral responses to a mishap
Garner, P. W. (2003) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.10076 · Cited by 48
Altruism and Helping: The Evolution of a Field: The 2008 Cooley-Mead Presentation 1
Piliavin, J. A. (2009) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250907200305 · Cited by 55
The Differential role of parenting, peers, and temperament for explaining interindividual differences in 18-months-olds’ comforting and helping
Schuhmacher, N., Collard, J., & Kärtner, J. (2017) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.01.002 · Cited by 49
Enhancing behavioral control increases sharing in children
Steinbeis, N., & Over, H. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2017.02.001 · Cited by 51
Long‐Term Stability of Individual Differences in the Emotional Responsiveness of Children with Autism
Dissanayake, C., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. L. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01427.x · Cited by 48
The origins of understanding self and other: James Mark Baldwin's theory
Müller, U. (2003) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/s0273-2297(03)00004-2 · Cited by 48
Development and Validation of the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children (PWB-c)
Opree, S. J., Buijzen, M., & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2018) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc8010018 · Cited by 60
Perceived social acceptance, theory of mind and social adjustment in children with intellectual disabilities
Fiasse, C., & Nader‐Grosbois, N. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.05.017 · Cited by 46
Understanding Others
Singer, T., & Tusche, A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416008-8.00027-9 · Cited by 51
Preschool children fail primate prosocial game because of attentional task demands
Burkart, J. M., & Rueth, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068440 · Cited by 45
Mindreading as social expertise
Michael, J., Christensen, W. D., & Overgaard, S. (2013) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-013-0295-z · Cited by 47
Oxytocin Receptor Gene Relates to Theory of Mind and Prosocial Behavior in Children
Wu, N., & Su, Y. (2013) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2013.858042 · Cited by 48
Peacemaking and consolation in Japanese preschoolers witnessing peer aggression.
Fujisawa, K. K., Kutsukake, N., & Hasegawa, T. (2006) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.120.1.48 · Cited by 48
Investigating the relationship between trait and ability emotional intelligence and theory of mind
Qualter, P., Hennessey, A., & Stylianou, M. (2010) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151010x502999 · Cited by 54
Why Do Some Toddlers Help A Stranger? Origins of Individual Differences in Prosocial Behavior
Newton, E. K., Goodman, M., & Thompson, R. A. (2013) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12043 · Cited by 45
Consolation in the aftermath of robberies resembles post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees
Lindegaard, M. R., Liebst, L. S., Bernasco, W., Heinskou, M. B., Philpot, R., Levine, M., & Verbeek, P. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177725 · Cited by 42
Empathy is the mother of invention: Emotion and cognition for creativity in the classroom
Demetriou, H., & Nicholl, B. (2021) · Improving Schools · doi:10.1177/1365480221989500 · Cited by 45
Evolutionary Psychology
Workman, L., & Reader, W. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164757 · Cited by 47
Prevalencia de la conducta agresiva, conducta prosocial y ansiedad social en una muestra de adolescentes españoles: un estudio comparativo
Inglés, C. J., Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Torregrosa, M. S., Pacheco, J. R., Benavides, G., García-Fernández, J. M., & López, L. J. G. (2008) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1174/021037008786140968 · Cited by 54
Young children’s judgments and reasoning about prosocial acts: Impermissible, suberogatory, obligatory, or supererogatory?
Dahl, A., Gross, R. L., & Siefert, C. (2020) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100908 · Cited by 49
Shared-Reality Development in Childhood
Higgins, E. T. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616635595 · Cited by 49
A short-term longitudinal study of correlates and sequelae of attachment security in autism
Rozga, A., Hesse, E., Main, M., Duschinsky, R., Beckwith, L., & Sigman, M. (2017) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2017.1383489 · Cited by 44
Are Deficits in the Decoding of Affective Cues and in Mentalizing Abilities Independent?
Buitelaar, J. K., & van der Wees, M. (1997) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025878026569 · Cited by 44
Empathic Responding in Toddlers at Risk for an Autism Spectrum Disorder
McDonald, N. M., & Messinger, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1390-y · Cited by 44
Distinguishing Between Negative Emotions: Children's Understanding of the Social-regulatory Aspects of Emotion
Jenkins, J. M., & Ball, S. E. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378969 · Cited by 44
New Beginnings: An Interactionist and Constructivist Approach to Early Moral Development
Dahl, A. (2018) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000492801 · Cited by 43
Bridging the gap between emotion and joint action
Bieńkiewicz, M. M. N., Smykovskyi, A., Olugbade, T., Janaqi, S., Camurri, A., Bianchi‐Berthouze, N., Björkman, M., & Bardy, B. G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.014 · Cited by 50
In defence of situational morality: genetic, dispositional and situational determinants of children’s donating to charity
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Pannebakker, F. D., & Out, D. (2010) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240903528535 · Cited by 45
Oxytocin and parent–child interaction in the development of empathy among children at risk for autism.
McDonald, N. M., Baker, J. K., & Messinger, D. S. (2016) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000104 · Cited by 43
Long-term consistency in chimpanzee consolation behaviour reflects empathetic personalities
Webb, C. E., Romero, T., Franks, B., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00360-7 · Cited by 43
Parental and Family-Level Sociocontextual Correlates of Emergent Emotion Regulation: Implications for Early Social Competence
Kao, K., Tuladhar, C. T., & Tarullo, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01706-4 · Cited by 44
Parent-Child Shared Book Reading and Children’s Language, Literacy, and Empathy Development
Aram, D., & Shapira, R. (2013) · Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare · doi:10.13128/rief-13299 · Cited by 42
Socio-cognitive influences on the domain-specificity of prosocial behavior in the second year
Kärtner, J., Schuhmacher, N., & Collard, J. (2014) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.004 · Cited by 42
The association between shame and substance use in young people: a systematic review
Rahim, M., & Patton, R. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.737 · Cited by 42
Promoting Altruism in the Classroom
Robinson, E. H. “., & Curry, J. R. (2005) · Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/00094056.2006.10521349 · Cited by 42
On the possible conflict between economic growth and social development
Antoci, A., Sacco, P. L., & Vanin, P. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511522154.008 · Cited by 41
Early Peer Interaction: A Research Agenda
Brownell, C. A., & Hazen, N. L. (1999) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1003_9 · Cited by 46
Tactful animals: How the study of touch can inform the animal morality debate
Monsó, S., & Wrage, B. (2021) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2020.1859100 · Cited by 41
Socio-emotional Programme Promotes Positive Behaviour in Preschoolers
Pickens, J. N. (2009) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575270903149323 · Cited by 41
The relation between young children's physiological arousal and their motivation to help others
Hepach, R., Vaish, A., Müller, K., & Tomasello, M. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.010 · Cited by 41
An Unconscious Drive to Help Others? Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Prosocial Motivation
Marvel, J. D., & Resh, W. G. (2018) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2018.1471013 · Cited by 43
On the Uniqueness of Human Normative Attitudes
Schmidt, M. F. H., & Hannes Rakoczy, B. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190846466.003.0006 · Cited by 44
Predicting externalizing behavior in toddlerhood from early individual differences in empathy
Paz, Y., Orlitsky, T., Roth‐Hanania, R., Zahn‐Waxler, C., & Davidov, M. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13247 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Chinese kindergarten teachers’ beliefs about young children’s classroom social behavior
Li, Y., Coplan, R. J., Archbell, K. A., Bullock, A., & Chen, L. (2016) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.10.008 · Cited by 41
MOVING AHEAD: INTEGRATING INFLUENCES OF AFFECTIVE PROCESSES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND FOR PSYCHOANALYSIS
Emde, R. N. (1999) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/0020757991598738 · Cited by 41
Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Vaish, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21816-6 · Cited by 41
Socioemotional Functioning in Depression
Rottenberg, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2004) · Mood Disorders · doi:10.1002/9780470696385.ch4 · Cited by 67
Children's Intrinsic Motivation to Provide Help Themselves After Accidentally Harming Others
Hepach, R., Vaish, A., & Tomasello, M. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12646 · Cited by 40
Young Children's Prosocial and Aggressive Behaviors and Their Experiences of Being Targeted for Similar Behaviors by Peers
Persson, G. E. B. (2005) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00299.x · Cited by 40
The effects of female chief executive officers on corporate social responsibility
Lim, M., & Chung, J. Y. (2021) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.3304 · Cited by 39
Attachment Disorder as an Antecedent to Violence and Antisocial Patterns in Children
Levy, T. M., & Orlans, M. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012445860-4/50002-2 · Cited by 39
Agent familiarity and emotional context influence the everyday empathic responding of young children with autism
Hudry, K., & Slaughter, V. P. (2008) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2008.04.004 · Cited by 39
Genetic and environmental influences on prosocial behavior.
Knafo‐Noam, A., & Israel, S. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12061-008 · Cited by 42
Social Cognition
Harris, P. L. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0219 · Cited by 39
Joint actions, commitments and the need to belong
Castro, V. F., & Pacherie, É. (2020) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-020-02535-0 · Cited by 39
The origins and uses of self-awarenesss or the mental representation of me
Lewis, M. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.11.002 · Cited by 44
Infant sensitivity to negative maternal emotional shifts: Effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and interactive style
Hatzinikolaou, K., & Murray, L. (2010) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20265 · Cited by 38
Neural Mechanism for Mirrored Self-face Recognition
Sugiura, M., Miyauchi, C. M., Kotozaki, Y., Akimoto, Y., Nozawa, T., Yomogida, Y., Hanawa, S., Yamamoto, Y., Sakuma, A., Nakagawa, S., et al. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu077 · Cited by 40
Infants' Understanding of Distributive Fairness as a Test Case for Identifying the Extents and Limits of Infants' Sociomoral Cognition and Behavior
Sommerville, J. A. (2018) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12283 · Cited by 37
Attachment and emotional responsiveness in children with autism
Dissanayake, C., & Sigman, M. (2000) · International review of research in mental retardation · doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(00)80013-0 · Cited by 38
Gender and Patterns of Concerned Responsiveness in Representations of the Mother–Daughter and Mother–Son Relationship
Butler, R., & Shalit‐Naggar, R. (2008) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01162.x · Cited by 38
Early Development of Empathy in Toddlers: Effects of Daily Parent–Child Interaction and Home‐Rearing Environment
Tong, L., Shinohara, R., Sugisawa, Y., Tanaka, E., Yato, Y., Yamakawa, N., Anme, T., & Japan Children's Study Group (2012) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00949.x · Cited by 37
Cumulative contextual risk, maternal responsivity, and social cognition at 18 months
Wade, M., Moore, C. L., Astington, J. W., Frampton, K. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000674 · Cited by 40

Authors: Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M.
ORCID: Wagner, Elizabeth
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1992-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 126-136
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126
OpenAlex: W2010606127
Cited by: 1,314
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 14.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: prosocial behavior, concern for others, moral development, toddlers, empathy, self-recognition, social cognition, helping behavior, sharing, comfort behavior, maternal attachment, age differences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Development of concern for others.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks