Cited by 1,314Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Development of concern for others.

Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn, Radke-Yarrow, Marian, Wagner, Elizabeth, Chapman, Michael·1992·Developmental Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The development of prosocial and reparative bebaviors was investigated by examining children's responses to distresses they caused and those they witnessed in others during the 2nd year of life. Prosocial behaviors (help, sharing, provision of comfort) emerged between the ages of 1 and 2, increasing in frequency and variety over this time period. These behaviors were linked to expressions of concern as well as efforts to understand and experience the other's plight. Children's reparative behaviors after they had caused distress also increased with age. Age changes in these early signs of moral development were accompanied by social-cognitive changes in self-recognition. In assessments at age 2, children were most responsive to distress in their mothers but also showed some sensitivity toward unfamiliar persons

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Darwin, C. D. (1872) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.1037/10001-000 · Cited by 12,120
Play, Dreams And Imitation In Childhood
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009698 · Cited by 5,404
The Interpersonal World of the Infant
Stern, D. N. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429482137 · Cited by 5,306
The Moral Judgment Of The Child
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009681 · Cited by 4,409
Civilization and Its Discontents
Freud, S. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv19fvzzk.47 · Cited by 4,263
Imitation of Facial and Manual Gestures by Human Neonates
Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.75 · Cited by 3,277
A Handbook of Child Psychology
(1934) · Nature · doi:10.1038/133515b0 · Cited by 2,295
Sex differences in empathy and related capacities.
Eisenberg, N., & Lennon, R. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.100 · Cited by 1,410
Evidence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives
Batson, C. D., & Shaw, L. L. (1991) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0202_1 · Cited by 1,274
From First Words to Grammar: Individual Differences and Dissociable Mechanisms
Bates, E. A., Bretherton, I., Snyder, L. S., & Beeghly, M. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,054

Show all 53 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 998

Is self‐awareness necessary to have a theory of mind?
Calmette, T., & Meunier, H. (2024) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.13090 · Cited by 14
What Is Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Willingham, D. T. (2008) · Cited by 10
Homo homini lupus? Morality, the Social Instincts, and our Fellow Primates
de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2005) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/3-540-29803-7_3 · Cited by 11
Embodied Simulation of Others Being Touched in 1-Year-Old Infants
Müller, B. C. N., Meinhardt, J., & Paulus, M. (2017) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2017.1303702 · Cited by 10
The Pacified Face: Early Embodiment Processes and the Use of Dummies
Rychlowska, M., & Vanderwert, R. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00387 · Cited by 11
Supernatural beliefs: Adaptations for social life or by-products of cognitive adaptations?
Girotto, V., Pievani, T., & Vallortígara, G. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003154 · Cited by 11
Experimenter identity: An invisible, lurking variable in developmental research
Pierre, T. S., White, K. S., & Johnson, E. K. (2022) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2357 · Cited by 10
Altruism in Its Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts: An Introduction
Dragūns, J. G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6952-0_1 · Cited by 11
Toward a social constructivist psychology: The case of self-evaluative emotional development
Mascolo, M. F. (1994) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720539408405071 · Cited by 12
5 Genes and Human Psychological Traits
Bouchard, T. J. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0005 · Cited by 10
18 Two Theories About the Cognitive Architecture Underlying Morality
Kelly, D., & Stich, S. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0018 · Cited by 30
Total honesty/total heart: Fostering empathy development and conflict resolution skills. A violence prevention strategy
Little, M. (2008) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) · Cited by 10
Altruism and Prosocial Behavior, Sociology of
Piliavin, J. A. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/01826-x · Cited by 10
Social behaviour changes via mindfulness practices in early childhood
Erten, C., & Güneş, G. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107452 · Cited by 13
Rethinking empathy development in childhood and adolescence: a call for global, culturally adaptive strategies
Sultan, M. A., & Khan, N. N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1575249 · Cited by 26
Individual differences in brain structure and self-reported empathy in children
Bray, K. O., Pozzi, E., Vijayakumar, N., Richmond, S., Deane, C., Pantelis, C., Anderson, V. A., & Whittle, S. (2022) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-022-00993-2 · Cited by 11
The evolution and development of human cooperation
Amici, F. (2015) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.16.3.03ami · Cited by 11
Linking Employees’ Extra-Role Efforts to Customer Satisfaction
Martínez‐Tur, V., Estreder, Y., Moliner, C., Buades, E. G., Ramos, J., & Silla, J. M. P. (2017) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000301 · Cited by 9
Empathic distress and concern predict aggression in toddlerhood: The moderating role of sex
Noten, M. M. P. G., van der Heijden, K. B., Huijbregts, S. C. J., Bouw, N., van Goozen, S. H. M., & Swaab, H. (2019) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.11.001 · Cited by 12
Adults’ responses to young children’s transgressions: a new method for understanding everyday social interactions
Waltzer, T., Baxley, C. P., & Dahl, A. (2019) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1709182 · Cited by 9
When do caregivers begin to view their child as a moral agent? Comparing moral and non-moral reactions to young children’s moral transgressions
Essler, S., & Paulus, M. (2020) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240.2020.1722622 · Cited by 9
A Cooperation Advantage for Theory of Mind in Children and Adults
Tsoi, L., Hamlin, J. K., Waytz, A. G., Baron, A. S., & Young, L. (2021) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.19 · Cited by 11
Quality of care at home and in daycare and social behaviour in early childhood
Engelhard, E. S., Klein, P. S., & Yablon, Y. B. (2013) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2013.842563 · Cited by 9
Altruism: Choices of healthy and chronically ill children
Seagle, H., Jessee, P. O., & Nagy, M. C. (2002) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430215097 · Cited by 9
Economic cognition in humans and animals: the search for core mechanisms
Santos, L. R., & Hughes, K. D. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.005 · Cited by 10
Spiritual development and young children
Giesenberg, A. (2000) · European Early Childhood Education Research Journal · doi:10.1080/13502930085208551 · Cited by 11
Self-Conceptualizing in Development
Rochat, P. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0015 · Cited by 9
14 Space and the Language-Cognition Interface
Anna Papafragou, A. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0014 · Cited by 11
Norms with Feeling
Nichols, S. (2004) · doi:10.1093/0195169344.003.0001 · Cited by 9
Fostering Positive Changes in Health and Social Relationships in Children
Lozada, M., Carro, N., Kapelmayer, M., Kelmanowicz, V., Czar, A., & D’Adamo, P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51787-2_9 · Cited by 9
Brain Development in Infants
Richards, J. E., & Conte, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.004 · Cited by 12
A Comparison of Forgiveness and Pro‐social Development
Scobie, G. E. W., & Scobie, E. D. (2000) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/0030443001600104 · Cited by 9
SERVING AND LEARNING ATA UNIVERSITY LABORATORY SCHOOL: STUDENTS FROM BIRTH THOUGH ADULTHOOD BENEFIT WHEN SERVICE LEARNING IS INTEGRATED INTO THE PRESERVICE CURRICULUM
Freeman, N. K., & Swick, K. J. (2000) · Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/0163638000210111 · Cited by 9
The Ethic of Care and Its Development
Juujärvi, S. (2003) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 9
Caring and Full Moral Standing Redux
Jaworska, A. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444322781.ch21 · Cited by 9
Prosocial Behavior during Infancy and Early Childhood: Developmental Patterns and Cultural Variations
Drummond, J. K., Waugh, W. E., Hammond, S. I., & Brownell, C. A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.23173-5 · Cited by 9
Memory Development
Howe, M. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy206 · Cited by 9
ABSTRACT
Roß, J., Anderson, J. R., & Campbell, R. N. (2011) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00613.x · Cited by 8
Teaching Kindness and Compassion: An Exploratory Intervention Study to Support Young Children’s Prosocial Skills in an Inclusive ECEC Setting
Pardon, K., Kuusisto, A., & Uusitalo‐Malmivaara, L. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13111148 · Cited by 16
EEG Patterns in Early Childhood Difer Between Children Prone To Reward “Bad” or “Good” Actors
Орехова, Л. С., Махин, С. А., Mikhailova, A., & Pavlenko, V. B. (2020) · Psychology in Russia State of Art · doi:10.11621/pir.2020.0206 · Cited by 8
The sociocultural context of adolescent pain: portrayals of pain in popular adolescent media
Cormier, A., Mueri, K., Pavlova, M., Hood, A., Li, Q. K. W., Thurston, I. B., Jordan, A. L., & Noel, M. E. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003216 · Cited by 8
Devil in the Details: Effects of Depression on the Prosocial Response Depend on Timing and Similarity
Mohr, A. H., Kross, E. F., & Preston, S. D. (2016) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-016-0044-x · Cited by 8
The roles of temperamental inhibition in affective and cognitive empathy in Chinese toddlers
Zhai, S., Lu, C., Han, J., Du, S., Wu, W., & He, J. (2020) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12366 · Cited by 9
Action in Development
Rachwani, J., Hoch, J. E., & Adolph, K. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.017 · Cited by 9
Infants’ Pre-Empathic Behaviors are Associated with Language Skills
Hutman, T., Rozga, A., Delaurentis, A., Sigman, M., & Dapretto, M. (2012) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.05.007 · Cited by 12
Empathy as the Factor of Moral Dilemma Solving in Adolescence
Molchanov, S. V. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.091 · Cited by 8
9 Learning “About” Versus Learning “From” Other Minds
Gergely, G. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0009 · Cited by 8
“And no flowers grow there and stuff”: Young children's social representations of poverty
Neitzel, C. L., & Chafel, J. A. (2010) · Sociological studies of children and youth · doi:10.1108/s1537-4661(2010)0000013006 · Cited by 9
The Contribution Of Practicing School Counselors' Level Of Altruism To Their Degree Of Burnout
Limberg, D. (2013) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 8
Mütterliche Feinfühligkeit und die Entwicklung von mitfühlend-prosozialem Verhalten bei Vorschulkindern
Volland, C., & Trommsdorff, G. (2003) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026//0049-8637.35.1.2 · Cited by 8
Chinese pre-service teachers' beliefs about hypothetical children's social withdrawal and aggression: Comparisons across years of teacher education
Li, Y., Archbell, K. A., Bullock, A., Wang, Y., & Coplan, R. J. (2018) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2018.02.004 · Cited by 8
Means-Inference as a Source of Variability in Early Helping
Bridgers, S., & Hyowon Gweon, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01735 · Cited by 7
Development and Complex Dynamics at School Environment
Fuentes, M., Cárdenas, J. P., Carro, N., & Lozada, M. (2018) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2018/3963061 · Cited by 8
Infant Object Manipulation and Play
Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., & Lockman, J. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.019 · Cited by 8
Incorporating a concept of altruism into psychoanalytic theory
Nielsen, M. L. (2010) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.248 · Cited by 8
Homo Sapiens 2.0
Dietrich, E. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511978036.037 · Cited by 8
Helping Children Develop Self-Control
Schickedanz, J. A. (1994) · Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/00094056.1994.10521037 · Cited by 8
Nativism and the Evolutionary Debunking of Morality
Cline, B. (2014) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0207-2 · Cited by 8
Entwicklung der Emotionsregulation bei 2- und 3jährigen Mädchen
Friedlmeier, W., & Trommsdorff, G. (2001) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026//0049-8637.33.4.204 · Cited by 8
Desenvolvimento Moral Pró-Social em Crianças e Adolescentes: Conceitos, Metodologias e Pesquisas no Brasil
Carlo, G., & Koller, S. H. (2012) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · Cited by 8
Perspective taking and adolescent sex offenders: From developmental theory to clinical practice
Nangle, D. W., Hecker, J. E., Grover, R. L., & Smith, M. G. (2003) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(03)80010-x · Cited by 8
Morality from infancy to middle childhood
Pannebakker, F. D. (2002) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University) · Cited by 8
Universal accessibility : on the need of an empathy-based architecture
Eddy, M. B. (2017) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-107717 · Cited by 8
The roots of compassion in early childhood: Relationships between theory of mind and attachment representations with empathic concern and prosocial behavior
Shoshani, A. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105880 · Cited by 15
Effects of a Danish Student‐Centered Prosocial Intervention Program Among Japanese Children
Umino, A., & Dammeyer, J. (2017) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12183 · Cited by 9
On the Power and Limits of Empathy
Camassa, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37522-4 · Cited by 9
Task demands matter in shaping how preschoolers express instrumental helping, comforting, and sharing: A longitudinal analysis
Gibhardt, S., Aitken, J., Low, R. S. T., & Henderson, A. M. E. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105929 · Cited by 7
Convergence and divergence of empathic concern and empathic happiness in early childhood: Evidence from young infants and children
Zach, M., Gordon‐Hacker, A., Israeli‐Ran, L., Meidan, A., Seidmann, M., Hijleh, A., Birnbaum, R. Y., Gueron‐Sela, N., & Uzefovsky, F. (2024) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14176 · Cited by 5
Social and Emotional Development in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health
Shulman, C. (2016) · Children's well-being · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31181-4_2 · Cited by 7
In Praise of Empathy: The Glue that holds Caring Communities Together in a Fractured World
Wilkinson, I. G. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse · doi:10.29173/cjfy29415 · Cited by 7
The effect of emotional communication on infants' distinct prosocial behaviors
Walle, E. A., Reschke, P., Main, A., & Shannon, R. (2020) · Social development (Oxford. Print) · doi:10.1111/sode.12449 · Cited by 6
Insight into toddlers’ motivation to help: From social participants to prosocial contributors
Torréns, M. G., Dreizler, K., & Kärtner, J. (2021) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101603 · Cited by 7
Wychowanie do wartości ekologicznych. Którędy do budowania więzi dzieci z przyrodą?
Gola, B. (2022) · Edukacja Elementarna w Teorii i Praktyce · doi:10.35765/eetp.2022.1767.07 · Cited by 7
Beziehungsorientierte Intervention am Beispiel des „Ich bleibe cool“-Trainings zur Förderung prosozialer Verhaltensweisen und konstruktiver Konfliktlösestrategien bei Kindern im Grundschulalter
Reichle, B., & Roth, I. (2007) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2007.56.5.463 · Cited by 7
16 Adaptationism, Culture, and the Malleability of Human Nature
Sripada, C. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0016 · Cited by 7
The Brain That Feels Into Others: Toward a Neuroscience of Empathy
Flasbeck, V., Gonzalez-Liencres, C., & Brüne, M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809837-0.00002-7 · Cited by 10
Infant Vocal Learning and Speech Production
Warlaumont, A. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.022 · Cited by 10
The Development of Infant Feeding
Mennella, J. A., Forestell, C. A., Ventura, A. K., & Fisher, J. O. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.010 · Cited by 7
Promoting Empathy in School-Aged Children
Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203855454-9 · Cited by 8
A conceptual contribution to battles in the brain
Smit, H. (2010) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9195-5 · Cited by 7
Reactivation of Cultural Mediational1 Practices
Hundeide, K. (2001) · Psychology and Developing Societies · doi:10.1177/097133360101300101 · Cited by 8
EMPATHY DEVELOPMENT DURING CHILDHOOD: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL STYLES
Justo, A. R., Carvalho, J. C. N., & Kristensen, C. H. (2014) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/14psd150214 · Cited by 7
Mechanisms of evolutionary change
Workman, L., & Reader, W. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164757.002 · Cited by 8
YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT POVERTY: GENDER, RACE, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND SETTING DIFFERENCES
Chafel, J. A., & Neitzel, C. L. (2005) · Advances in early education and day care · doi:10.1016/s0270-4021(04)13001-2 · Cited by 7
A Review and Critique of Studies Examining Empathy in Infants
Ruffman, T., Imuta, K., & Slaughter, V. P. (2025) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000546896 · Cited by 6
Factors affecting the application of scientific knowledge in a STEAM contest: the correlates between collective efficacy, cohesiveness, and prosociality
Hong, J., Tsai, C.-R., & Tai, K. (2021) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2021.1994383 · Cited by 6
Why help others? Insights from rodent to human early childhood research
Chen, Y., Han, S., & Yin, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1058352 · Cited by 8
Predicting autism from young Infants’ empathic responding: A prospective study
Paz, Y., Roth‐Hanania, R., Gabis, L. V., Orlitsky, T., Zilka-Cohen, N., Zahn‐Waxler, C., & Davidov, M. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424001226 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
The art of comforting
Miceli, M., Mancini, A., & Menna, P. (2009) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.01.001 · Cited by 6
Are Social Skill and Empathy Separable Constructs? A Psychometric Evaluation of a New Role-play Assessment of Empathy for Individuals with Schizophrenia
Gagen, E. C., Gibson, C. M., Elliott, T., Smedley, K. L., Jarskog, L. F., Pedersen, C. A., & Penn, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.050715 · Cited by 6
Investigating the Impact of Preschool Type on Young Children’s Empathy
Ernst, J. A., Curran, C., & Budnik, L. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14159320 · Cited by 6
The Intentional Stance and Cultural Learning: A Developmental Feedback Loop
Michael, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17374-0_9 · Cited by 6
Training Young Killers: How Butcher Education Might Be Damaging Young People
Blaznik, M. (2018) · Journal of Animal Ethics · doi:10.5406/janimalethics.8.2.0199 · Cited by 6
Might We Be Essentially Normative Animals?
Roughley, N. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190846466.003.0001 · Cited by 7
Infant Attachment (to Mother and Father) and Its Place in Human Development
Dagan, O., & Sagi‐Schwartz, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.025 · Cited by 6
Toddlers imitate prosocial demonstrations in bystander but not transgressor contexts
Donohue, M. R., Williamson, R. A., & Tully, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104776 · Cited by 6
Teacher rated empathic behaviors and children's TAT stories
Locraft, C., & Teglasi, H. (1997) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(96)00020-9 · Cited by 6
Évaluation du développement socioémotionnel de l'enfant d'un à trois ans: validation de la version française de l'Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment
Bracha, Z., Gérardin, P., Pérez-Díaz, F., Perriot, Y., ROCQUE, F. D. L., Flament, M. F., Leroux, M., Cohen, D., Reinert, P., Mazet, P., et al. (2007) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2007.05.004 · Cited by 6
Prospects for a Dual Inheritance Model of Emotional Evolution
Linquist, S. (2007) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/525626 · Cited by 6
Altruism in College Volunteers: Relationships to Prosocial Personality, Constructive Thinking, and Parenting Variables
Little, S. (1994) · doi:10.23860/diss-little-sara-1994 · Cited by 6

Authors: Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M.
ORCID: Wagner, Elizabeth
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1992-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 126-136
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126
OpenAlex: W2010606127
Cited by: 1,314
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 14.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: prosocial behavior, concern for others, moral development, toddlers, empathy, self-recognition, social cognition, helping behavior, sharing, comfort behavior, maternal attachment, age differences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Development of concern for others.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks