CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 295Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCognitive Abilities and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prosocial behavior from early to middle childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on stability and change.

Knafo, Ariel, Plomin, Robert·2006·Developmental Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.771
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Prosocial behavior is important for the functioning of society. This study investigates the extent to which environment shared by family members, nonshared environment, and genetics account for children's prosocial behavior. The prosocial behavior of twins (9,424 pairs) was rated by their parents at the ages of 2, 3, 4, and 7 and by their teachers at age 7. For parent ratings, shared environmental effects decreased from .47 on average at age 2 to .03 at age 7, and genetic effects increased from .32 on average to .61. The finding of weak shared environmental effects and large heritability at age 7 was largely confirmed through the use of teacher ratings. Using longitudinal genetic analyses, the authors conclude that genetic effects account for both change and continuity in prosocial behavior and nonshared environment contributes mainly to change.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.771

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 73 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Hogg, 1997, Emotional and behavioural problems in children.
  2. Neale, 1999, Mx: Statistical Modeling.
  3. Plomin, 2001, Behavioral Genetics
  4. 10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1192 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–295 of 295

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Knafo, A., & Plomin, R.
ORCID
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2006
Volume
42
Issue
5
Pages
771-786
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
DOI
10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.771
OpenAlex
W2162436287
Cited by
295
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 25
FWCI
11.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Medical Research Council (G9424799)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
prosocial behavior, heritability, shared environment, nonshared environment, genetic factors, environmental influences, continuity and change, early childhood, middle childhood, twins, parent ratings, teacher ratings
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality Assessment, Phenotype, Sex Factors, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Socialization, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Variation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review