Differing profiles of developmental experiences across types of organized youth activities.
Abstract
This study inventoried the types of developmental and negative experiences that youth encounter in different categories of extracurricular and community-based organized activities. A representative sample of 2,280 11th graders from 19 diverse high schools responded to a computer-administered protocol. Youth in faith-based activities reported higher rates of experiences related to identity, emotional regulation, and interpersonal development in comparison with other activities. Sports and arts programs stood out as providing more experiences related to development of initiative, although sports were also related to high stress. Service activities were associated with experiences related to development of teamwork, positive relationships, and social capital. Youth reported all of these positive developmental experiences to occur significantly more often in youth programs than during school classes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
For older adults, the most common source of social support outside family members comes from members of religious organizations.
“For older adults in particular, the most common source of social support outside of family members comes from members of religious organizations [275, 276].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [275]
Larson's domains of growth experiences can be separated in terms of personal and social outcomes.
“Similarly, Larson’s domains of growth experiences can be separated in terms of personal and social outcomes (Larson et al., 2006).”
From A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study (2017) · cites this paper as Larson et al., 2006
Cites
The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674028845 · Cited by 26,084 · see citing works
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,768 · see citing works
The Ecology of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1981) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv26071r6 · Cited by 8,064 · see citing works
Schwarz, S. (1941) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/schw92626-009 · Cited by 4,698 · see citing works
The Moral Judgment Of The Child
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009681 · Cited by 4,409 · see citing works
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Goldstein, H., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290750 · Cited by 3,320 · see citing works
Handbook of Adolescent Psychology
(2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470479193 · Cited by 2,938 · see citing works
Community Programs to Promote Youth Development
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2002) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/10022 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
Goldstein, S. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315664446-7 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Toward a psychology of positive youth development.
Larson, R. W. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.170 · Cited by 1,796 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a psychology of positive youth development.
Larson, R. W. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.170 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in Motivation and Achievement
(2014) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0749-742320140000018017 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
Student Council, Volunteering, Basketball, or Marching Band
Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558499141003 · Cited by 1,527 · see citing works
Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior
Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096397 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works
Handbook of research on sport psychology
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5652 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Development
Eccles, J. S., Barber, B. L., Stone, M., & Hunt, J. (2003) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1046/j.0022-4537.2003.00095.x · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.701 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Self-citationFrankel, F. H., & Erikson, E. H. (1965) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196505000-00019 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Soul searching: the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-2154 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
Mahoney, J. L., Larson, R. W., & Eccles, J. S. (2005) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Self-citationHansen, D. M., Larson, R. W., & Dworkin, J. (2003) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/1532-7795.1301006 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Self-citationSoul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers
Smith, C., & Denton, M. L. (2005) · doi:10.1093/019518095x.001.0001 · Cited by 861 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A growing literature shows that many adolescents experience religion as an important part of their lives (McKinney, 1999; Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, & Benson, 2006; C. Smith, 2005); however, little research has focused specifically on the role of faith-based youth groups.”
BackgroundDo extracurricular activities protect against early school dropout?
Mahoney, J. L., & Cairns, R. B. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.2.241 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Lerner, R. M., Hershberg, R. M., Hilliard, L. J., & Johnson, S. K. (2010) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203846766-6 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
What Exactly Is a Youth Development Program? Answers From Research and Practice
Roth, J. L., & Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B. (2003) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0702_6 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
What We Know About Engendering Civic Identity
Youniss, J., McLellan, J. A., & Yates, M. (1997) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764297040005008 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Whatever Happened to the Jock, the Brain, and the Princess?
Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S., & Stone, M. R. (2001) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558401165002 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Roehlkepartain, E. C., King, P., Wagener, L. M., & Benson, P. (2006) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976657 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Extracurricular School Activities: The Good, the Bad, and the Nonlinear
Marsh, H. W., & Kleitman, S. (2002) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.72.4.051388703v7v7736 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Extracurricular Activities and High School Dropouts
McNeal, R. B. (1995) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.2307/2112764 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Do extracurricular activities protect against early school dropout?
Mahoney, J. L., & Cairns, R. B. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.2.241 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence
(2005) · Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.1111/b.9781405133029.2005.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Holland, A., & Andre, T. (1987) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543057004437 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Handbook of adolescent psychology, 2nd ed.
Lerner, R. M., & Steinberg, L. D. (2004) · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Gronner, R. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720320112017 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
When Teen-Agers Work: The Psychological and Social Costs of Adolescent Employment
Wallace, R. C., Greenberger, E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1988) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1317551 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Children of the Land: Adversity and Success in Rural America
Amato, P. R., Elder, G. H., Conger, R. D., King, V., Matthews, L. S., Mekos, D., Russell, S. T., & Shanahan, M. J. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655383 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Youth development programs: risk, prevention and policy
Roth, J. L., & Brooks‐Gunn, J. (2003) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00421-4 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Elder, G. H., & Conger, R. D. (2000) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226224978.001.0001 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Religion as a Resource for Positive Youth Development: Religion, Social Capital, and Moral Outcomes.
King, P. E., & Furrow, J. L. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.703 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Concepts and theories of human development
Yule, W. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90059-1 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Development through participation in sociocultural activity
Rogoff, B., Baker-Sennett, J., Lacasa, P., & Goldsmith, D. M. (1995) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.23219956707 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Working and Growing Up in America
Mortimer, J. T. (2009) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv1rr6d2j · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Religion and Positive Youth Development: Identity, Meaning, and Prosocial Concerns
Furrow, J. L., King, P. E., & White, K. (2004) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0801_3 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
White, R., & Wyn, J. (2004) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 259 · see citing works
When Teen-Agers Work, The Psychological and Social Costs of Adolescent Employment
Grossnickle, D. R. (1987) · NASSP Bulletin · doi:10.1177/019263658707149726 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Volunteerism in Adolescence: A Process Perspective
Johnson, M. K., Beebe, T. J., Mortimer, J. T., & Snyder, M. (1998) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0803_2 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Concepts and theories of human development, 3rd ed.
Lerner, R. M. (2002) · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Regnerus, M. (2000) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00030 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Working and Growing Up in America
Mortimer, J. T. (2003) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674041240 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Culture and Social Behavior: A Model for the Development of Social Behavior
Whiting, B. B. (1980) · Ethos · doi:10.1525/eth.1980.8.2.02a00010 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents’ Commitment to Athletics and the Arts
Fredricks, J. A., Alfeld, C., Hruda, L. Z., Eccles, J. S., Patrick, H., & Ryan, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558402171004 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Religious involvement and adolescent psychosocial development
Markstrom, C. A. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0211 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
When Teenagers Work: The Psychological and Social Costs of Adolescent Employment
D'Amico, R. J., Greenberger, E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2069466 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Volunteerism, Leadership, Political Socialization, and Civic Engagement
Flanagan, C. A. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780471726746.ch23 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Erikson, E. H. (1966) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-6269-4_6 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Religious Participation and Network Closure Among American Adolescents
Smith, C. S. (2003) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00177 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Impact of Volunteer Experience on Adolescent Social Development: Evidence of Program Effects
Hamilton, S. F., & Fenzel, L. M. (1988) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355488831006 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents.
Yates, M., & Youniss, J. (1996) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Youniss, J., Yates, M., & Su, Y. (1997) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743554897122006 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Community Youth Development: Programs, Policies, and Practices
Villarruel, F. A., Perkins, D. F., Borden, L. M., et al. (2003) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452233635 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Where Need Meets Opportunity: Youth Development Programs for Early Teens
Quinn, J. (1999) · The Future of Children · doi:10.2307/1602709 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Educating World Citizens: Toward Multinational Curriculum Development
Parker, W. C., Ninomiya, A., & Cogan, J. J. (1999) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312036002117 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Three’s Not a Crowd: Plans, Roles, and Focus in the Arts
Heath, S. B. (2001) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x030007010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Mahoney, J. L., Stattin, H., & Magnusson, D. (2001) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/01650250042000456 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Handbook of clinical research and practice with adolescents
Tolan, P. H., & Cohler, B. J. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Assessing After-School Programs as Contexts for Youth Development
Kahne, J. E., Nagaoka, J., BROWN, A., O’Brien, J. G., Quinn, T., & Thiede, K. W. (2001) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x01032004002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Participation in Sport: A Developmental Glimpse at Emotion
Scanlan, T. K., Babkes, M. L., & Scanlan, L. A. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612748-19 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Contexts and Correlates of Out-of-School Activity Participation Among Low-Income Urban Adolescents
Pedersen, S., & Seidman, E. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612748-10 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Adolescents’ Negative Experiences in Organized Youth Activities
Dworkin, J. (2007) · Journal of Youth Development · doi:10.5195/jyd.2007.373 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
After-school sport for children: Implications of a task-involving motivational climate
Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · doi:10.4324/9781410612748-20 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Emerging Themes in Research on Adolescent Spiritual and Religious Development
Benson, P. (2004) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0801_6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Holland, A., & Andre, T. (1987) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170431 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Daily experience of adolescents.
Larson, R. W., & Kleiber, D. A. (1993) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation(2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315789170 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Enhancing Adolescent Development through Sports and Leisure
Danish, S. J., Taylor, T. E., & Fazio, R. J. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470756607.ch5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Silbereisen, R. Κ., & Todt, E. (1994) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Community Service and Identity Formation in Adolescents
McIntosh, H., Metz, E., & Youniss, J. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612748-21 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dubas, J. S., & Snider, B. A. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315789170-13 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Role of Gender in Enhancing Program Strategies for Healthy Youth Development
Denner, J., & Griffin, A. L. (2003) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452233635.n6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kidsports, a survival guide for parents
Smith, N. J., Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A general formulation for least-squares problems
Flanagan, M. F. (2004) · Irish Signals and Systems Conference · doi:10.1049/cp:20040512 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A semiotics of human actions for wearable augmented reality interfaces
Pedersen, I. (2005) · Semiotica · doi:10.1515/semi.2005.2005.155.1-4.183 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McIntosh, I. B. (2005) · Independent Nurse · doi:10.12968/indn.2005.1.8.74063 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Editor's preface: Adolescents and religion: a view from the millenium
McKinney, J. P. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0220 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
STRUVITE CONTROL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THERMAL DRYING
Scanlan, P., Crump, F., Southern, J. R., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation · doi:10.2175/193864705783968394 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications
Koenig, H. G. (2012) · ISRN Psychiatry · doi:10.5402/2012/278730 · Cited by 2,423 · see citing works
Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x · Cited by 1,629 · see citing works
Holt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., MacDonald, D., Strachan, L., & Tamminen, K. A. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2016.1180704 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
“…approach was developed in order to compare adolescents’ developmental experiences across different contexts, namely faith-based service activities, academic and leadership activities, performance and fine arts, community organizations and vocational clubs, and organized sport (Larson et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialOrganized Sports for Children, Preadolescents, and Adolescents
Logan, K., Cuff, S., COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, LaBella, C. R., Brooks, M. A., Canty, G., Diamond, A. B., Hennrikus, W., Moffatt, K., Nemeth, B. A., et al. (2019) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0997 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Spruit, A., Assink, M., van Vugt, E., van der Put, C., & Stams, G. J. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.006 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Ferreira, P. D., Azevedo, C. N., & Menezes, I. (2012) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.09.004 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Future Directions in Youth Involvement Research
Rose‐Krasnor, L. (2009) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00506.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review
Boelens, M., Smit, M. S., Raat, H., Bramer, W. M., & Jansen, W. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101687 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Chan, R. C. H., Mak, W. W. S., Chan, W.-Y., & Lin, W.-Y. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00303-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Atheism, Social Networks and Health: A Review and Theoretical Model
McCaffree, K. (2019) · Secularism and Nonreligion · doi:10.5334/snr.101 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Larson, R. W., Hansen, D. M., & Moneta, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- London Metropolitan University (GB)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 849-863
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W1967735664
- Semantic Scholar
- b43b5351a75b7b7eba86a907e69681d12b2e0d1b
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 69.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- William T. Grant Foundation
- US Department of Agriculture (ILLU-793-342)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Outdoor and Experiential Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- extracurricular activities, community-based youth programs, sports programs, arts programs, service activities, developmental experiences, negative experiences, identity construction, emotion regulation, interpersonal development, initiative, teamwork, social capital, high school students, youth development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Emotions, Female, Hobbies, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Leisure Activities, Male, Motivation, Personality Development, Personality Inventory, Religion and Psychology, Residence Characteristics, Schools, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Social Identification, Socialization, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review