The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal.
Abstract
Withdrawal symptoms following cessation of heavy cannabis (marijuana) use have been reported, yet their time course and clinical importance have not been established. A 50-day outpatient study assessed 18 marijuana users during a 5-day smoking-as-usual phase followed by a 45-day abstinence phase. Parallel assessment of 12 ex-users was obtained. A withdrawal pattern was observed for aggression, anger, anxiety, decreased appetite, decreased body weight, irritability, restlessness, shakiness, sleep problems, and stomach pain. Onset typically occurred between Days 1-3, peak effects between Days 2-6, and most effects lasted 4-14 days. The magnitude and time course of these effects appeared comparable to tobacco and other withdrawal syndromes. These effects likely contribute to the development of dependence and difficulty stopping use. Criteria for cannabis withdrawal are proposed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455
Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1992) · Measuring Alcohol Consumption · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0357-5_3 · Cited by 4,110
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953
The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges
TIFFANY, S. T., & DROBES, D. J. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x · Cited by 974
The measurement of drug craving
Sayette, M. A., Shiffman, S., Tiffany, S. T., Niaura, R. S., Martin, C. S., & Schadel, W. G. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.8.x · Cited by 684
(1976) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.133.12.1382 · Cited by 549
Tobacco withdrawal in self-quitters
Hughes, J. R. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.689 · Cited by 412
Self-citationMarijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence.
Budney, A. J., Novy, P. L., & Hughes, J. R. (1999) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94913114.x · Cited by 348 · cited 10×
“The majority of adolescents in residential treatment and adults in outpatient treatment for cannabis dependence reported histories of marijuana withdrawal with symptom profiles similar to those observed in the laboratory studies (Budney et al., 1999; Budney, Radonovich, Higgins, & Wong, 1998; Copeland, Swift, & Rees,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationNicotine withdrawal versus other drug withdrawal syndromes: similarities and dissimilarities
HUGHES, J. R., HIGGINS, S. T., & BICKEL, W. K. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03744.x · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Cited by
DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale
Hasin, D. S., O’Brien, C. P., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G., Bucholz, K., Budney, A., Compton, W. M., Crowley, T., Ling, W., Petry, N. M., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782 · Cited by 1,622
Self-citationUS epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems
Hasin, D. S. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.198 · Cited by 578
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4 · Cited by 552
Review of the Validity and Significance of Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome
Budney, A. J., Hughes, J. R., Moore, B. A., & Vandrey, R. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1967 · Cited by 522
Self-citationCannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature
Babson, K. A., Sottile, J., & Morabito, D. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0775-9 · Cited by 484
Metadata
- Authors
- Budney, A. J., Moore, B. A., Vandrey, R. G., & Hughes, J. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 393-402
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W1983012591
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.393
- The paper
- Budney, A. J., Moore, B. A., Vandrey, R. G., & Hughes, J. R. (2003). The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.393
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
