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Is there more to complicated grief than depression and posttraumatic stress disorder? A test of incremental validity.
Abstract
There is growing interest in complicated grief reactions as a possible new diagnostic category for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, no research has yet shown that complicated grief has incremental validity (i.e., predicts unique variance in functioning). The authors addressed this issue in 2 studies by comparing grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with different measures of functioning (interviewer ratings, friend ratings, self-report, and autonomic arousal). The 1st study (N = 73) used longitudinal data collected at 4 and 18 months postloss, and the 2nd study (N = 447) used cross-sectional data collected 2.5-3.5 years postloss. With depression and PTSD controlled, grief emerged as a unique predictor of functioning, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. The findings provide convergent support for the incremental validity of complicated grief as an independent marker of bereavement-related psychopathology.
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“Importantly, it has been shown that the symptoms of prolonged grief disorder contribute to impaired functioning beyond the effects of co-occurring depression and PTSD 67 .”
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Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 289
The Role of Self-Concept Clarity in Prolonged Grief Disorder
Boelen, P. A., Keijsers, L., & van den Hout, M. (2011) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31823e577f · Cited by 51
“If left untreated, they are associated with long-term impairments in quality of life and debilitating health consequences (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBereavement in later life: Theory, assessment, and intervention.
Neimeyer, R. A., & Holland, J. M. (2015) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14459-025 · Cited by 43
Do Shattered Worldviews Lead to Complicated Grief? Prospective and Longitudinal Analyses
Mancini, A. D., Prati, G., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.2.184 · Cited by 43
“Most theorists conceptualize more severe or complicated forms of grief as a thorny combination of depression and PTSD that co-occurs with grief-related experiences such as intense yearning for the deceased (Bonanno et al., 2007; Ehlers, 2006; Prigerson et al., 1999; Zisook, Chentsova-Dutton, & Shuchter, 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLevi‐Belz, Y., & Ari, L. L. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000940 · Cited by 45
Kokou-Kpolou, K., Megalakaki, O., & Nieuviarts, N. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.063 · Cited by 43
Spuij, M., van Londen-Huiberts, A., & Boelen, P. A. (2012) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.08.002 · Cited by 42
“Symptoms of PGD have been found to be distinct from depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to be associated with persistent mental and physical health complaints and reduced quality of life (Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDevelopment and Preliminary Evaluation of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Perinatal Grief
Bennett, S. M., Ehrenreich, J. T., Litz, B. T., Boisseau, C. L., & Barlow, D. H. (2011) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.01.002 · Cited by 40
“A rapidly increasing body of strong clinical, biological, and empirical evidence suggests that PGD is distinct from normal grief, PTSD, and depression (e.g., Boelen, van de Schoot, van den Hout, de Keijser, & van den Bout, 2010; Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson et al., 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-citationO’Connor, M. (2010) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860903311725 · Cited by 41
“They also found that both PTSD and CG predicted cardiovascular responsivity; however, they concluded that PTSD four months postloss predicted increased heart rate when interviewed about the lost relationship, while CG predicted decreased heart rate (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
BackgroundProlonged grief among traumatically bereaved relatives exposed and not exposed to a tsunami
Johannesson, K. B., Lundin, T., Hultman, C. M., Fröjd, T., & Michel, P. (2011) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20668 · Cited by 40
Dialogical Exposure with Traumatically Bereaved Bosnian Women: Findings from a Controlled Trial
Hagl, M., Powell, S., Rosner, R., & Butollo, W. H. (2014) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1921 · Cited by 39
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Rovai, L., Maremmani, A. G. I., Pacini, M., Pani, P. P., Rugani, F., Lamanna, F., Schiavi, E., Mautone, S., Dell’Osso, L., & Maremmani, I. (2013) · Rivista di psichiatria · doi:10.1708/1228.13610 · Cited by 42
“Negative symptoms and cognitive impairment have also been reported in pictures of pathological grief, which, on clinical grounds, stands half way between depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, but is classified as an autonomous disorder (12).”
BackgroundEmotion context sensitivity in adaptation and recovery.
Coifman, K. G., & Bonanno, G. A. (2010) · Cited by 38
Self-citationThe Effect of Sudden Death Bereavement on the Risk for Suicide
Hamdan, S., Berkman, N., Lavi, N., Levy, S., & Brent, D. A. (2019) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000635 · Cited by 51
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“More than one third of the participants who met the criteria for PGD did not meet the criteria for either MDE or PTSD (Bonanno et al., 2007; Neria et al., 2007; Silverman et al., 2000).”
BackgroundDevelopment and initial validation of the job loss grief scale
van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2019) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2019.1619703 · Cited by 39
“This has also led to increasing evidence that in a minority of bereaved people, grief does not diminish over time but, instead, turns into persistent, distressing, and disabling grief reactions (Bonanno et al., 2007; Horowitz et al., 1997; Prigerson et al., 1995a; Shear et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThieleman, K., & Cacciatore, J. (2013) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731512474695 · Cited by 37
“Proponents of a grief-related category have noted that there is no diagnosis in the DSM that captures griefrelated problems unrelated to depressive symptoms or posttraumatic stress disorder (Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSymptoms of prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress following loss: A latent class analysis
Maccallum, F., & Bryant, R. A. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867418768429 · Cited by 36
Nanni, M. G., Biancosino, B., & Grassi, L. G. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.023 · Cited by 35
“A bulk of data is now available on CG as a distinct entity from other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and adult separation anxiety (Prigerson et al., 1995a; Boelen and van den Bout, 2005; Bonanno et al., 2007; Golden and Dalgleish, 2010; Boelen et al., 2010; Boelen, 2…”
BackgroundZajac, K., & Kobak, R. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940900011x · Cited by 36
“In particular, it would be useful to explore the potential overlap between unresolved loss and the complicated grief diagnosis that is being considered for inclusion in the upcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Bonnano et al., 2007).”
BackgroundEvaluating care farming as a means to care for those in trauma and grief
Cacciatore, J., Gorman, R., & Thieleman, K. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102281 · Cited by 37
Traumatic Bereavement in War Veterans
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Self-citationIs pathological grief lasting more than 12 months grief or depression?
Bryant, R. A. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32835b2ca2 · Cited by 35
The push and pull of grief: Approach and avoidance in bereavement
Maccallum, F., Sawday, S., Rinck, M., & Bryant, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.010 · Cited by 34
Holland, J. M., Futterman, A. M., Thompson, L. W., Moran, C., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. E. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.617489 · Cited by 34
“…controlling for the symptoms of other psychiatric disorders, these individuals have been shown to be at heightened risk for high blood pressure, heart problems, cancer, poor psychological adjustment, and suicidal ideation (Bonanno et al., 2007; Latham & Prigerson, 2004; Prigerson et al., 1997).”
BackgroundFaces, feelings, words: Divergence across channels of emotional responding in complicated grief.
Diminich, E. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036398 · Cited by 34
Self-citationSpiritual Distress in Bereavement: Evolution of a Research Program
Burke, L. A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2014) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel5041087 · Cited by 34
Late-life bereavement and complicated grief: A proposed comprehensive framework
Shah, S., & Meeks, S. (2012) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.605054 · Cited by 34
“One study (Bonanno et al., 2007) demonstrated incremental validity using hierarchical Aging & Mental Health 45”
BackgroundQuarantini, L. C., Netto, L. R., Andrade-Nascimento, M., Almeida, A. G.-D., Sampaio, A. S., Miranda‐Scippa, Â., Bressan, R. A., & Koenen, K. C. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462009000600005 · Cited by 34
Tsai, W., Kuo, S., Wen, F., Prigerson, H. G., & Tang, S. T. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4629 · Cited by 32
“78).(4,24) Therefore, our and previous results(4,24) support that, despite their distinctiveness, PGD and depression share commonalities.”
BackgroundResultTsutsui, T., Hasegawa, Y., Hiraga, M., Ishiki, M., & Asukai, N. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.001 · Cited by 31
“The diagnosis of PGD through effective screening is important as this condition is very likely to cause chronic impairment of mental and physical functions (Bonanno et al., 2007; Stroebe et al., 2007) and is refractory against medication for MDD (Reynolds et al.”
Is Complicated Grief a Valid Construct?
Bonanno, G. A. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00014.x · Cited by 31
Self-citationHinton, D. E., Nickerson, A., & Bryant, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.714218 · Cited by 29
The role of threatening misinterpretations and avoidance in emotional problems after loss
Boelen, P. A., & van den Hout, M. A. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465807004079 · Cited by 33
Depression and Prolonged Grief in the Wake of Disasters
Maguen, S., Neria, Y., Conoscenti, L. M., & Litz, B. T. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511730030.007 · Cited by 29
Self-citationTay, A., Rees, S., Tam, N., Kareth, M., & Silove, D. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002027 · Cited by 22
“Although several studies have investigated the relationship between PTSD and complicated bereavement in high-income countries (Prigerson et al., 1996; Horowitz et al., 1997; Momartin et al., 2004b; Boelen and Van Den Bout, 2005; Bonanno et al., 2007; Simon et al., 2007; Fujisawa et al., 2010; Shear et al., 2011), ther…”
BackgroundResponses to Loss and Health Functioning Among Homicidally Bereaved African Americans
Williams, J. L., Burke, L. A., McDevitt‐Murphy, M. E., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2012) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2011.635583 · Cited by 31
“In a sample of 447 survivors of the September 11 terrorist attacks, Bonanno et al. (2007) found, after accounting for symptoms of PTSD, that depressive and CG symptoms were both uniquely associated with global health functioning.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDistinguishing Grief From Depression During Acute Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury
Klyce, D. W., Bombardier, C. H., Davis, T. J., Hartoonian, N., Hoffman, J. M., Fann, J. R., & Kalpakjian, C. Z. (2015) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.018 · Cited by 28
Relations Among Meaning Making, PTSD, and Complicated Grief Following Homicide Loss
Zakarian, R. J., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Bellet, B. W., Neimeyer, R. A., & Burke, L. A. (2019) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2019.1565111 · Cited by 50
“The PCL has shown strong psychometric properties in other studies of traumatic loss (Bonanno et al., 2007; Schnider, Elhai, & Gray, 2007).”
MethodThe heterogeneity of long-term grief reactions
Lotterman, J. H., Bonanno, G. A., & Galatzer‐Levy, I. R. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.048 · Cited by 28
“Still, there is growing consensus across studies that CG symptoms, especially those involving yearning for the deceased and avoidance of reminders of the deceased, are distinct from other disorders (Boelen and Prigerson, 2007; Boelen and van den Bout, 2010, 2005; Bonanno et al., 2007; Bryant, 2013; Golden and Dalgleis…”
Self-citationFacets of pejorative self-processing in complicated grief.
Golden, A.-M. J., & Dalgleish, T. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027338 · Cited by 28
How self-enhancers adapt well to loss: the mediational role of loneliness and social functioning
Yan, O. H., & Bonanno, G. A. (2014) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.965266 · Cited by 29
“All participants were questioned regarding symptoms of major depressive disorder and PTSD and complicated grief (Bonanno et al., 2007; Horowitz et al., 1997; Prigerson et al., 1999, 2009): strong yearning for the deceased; recurrent and intrusive recollections of the death event; intense distress over symbolic reminde…”
Self-citationIdentity confusion in complicated grief: A closer look.
Bellet, B. W., LeBlanc, N. J., Nizzi, M., Carter, M. L., van der Does, F. H. S., Peters, J., Robinaugh, D. J., & McNally, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000520 · Cited by 30
“Clinically, levels of CG incrementally predict functional impairment over and above PTSD and depression levels (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
BackgroundBarnes, J. B., Dickstein, B. D., Maguen, S., Neria, Y., & Litz, B. T. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.022 · Cited by 27
“Also referred to as Complicated Grief (Bonanno et al., 2007)”
Self-citationGrief and Depression: Treatment Decisions for Bereaved Children and Adults
Shear, M. K. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050698 · Cited by 27
The Diagnosis of Complicated Grief as a Mental Disorder: A Critical Appraisal
Wagner, B., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2010) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-50-1-2-27 · Cited by 26
“However, a number of studies have shown that CG was distinct from depressive disorders: factor analytic studies have shown a significant distinction between grief and MDD or anxiety disorders (Boelen, van den Bout, & de Keijser, 2003; Bonanno et al., 2007).”
ResultWho uses bereavement services? An examination of service use by bereaved dementia caregivers
Bergman, E. J., Haley, W. E., & Small, B. J. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.543661 · Cited by 24
“…find that complicated grief and bereavement-related depressive and anxiety disorders constitute separate syndromes, with differential experiences of morbidity, adverse health behaviors, and responses to treatment (Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson & Jacobs, 2001; Prigerson et al., 1995, 1997).”
BackgroundAcierno, R., Kauffman, B. Y., Muzzy, W., Tejada, M. H., & Lejuez, C. (2021) · The American journal of hospice & palliative care · doi:10.1177/1049909121989021 · Cited by 20
“Moreover, the relatively strong effect the treatments had on grief ratings, relative to the mild effect they had on depression ratings, supports prior research contentions that Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder is related to, albeit distinct from depression.(6,12-16) When considering relevant treatment targets f…”
ResultSandler, I. N., Yun‐Tien, J., Zhang, N., Wolchik, S. A., & Thieleman, K. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22759 · Cited by 28
Simon, N. M., O'Day, E. B., Hellberg, S. N., Hoeppner, S. S., Charney, M. E., Robinaugh, D. J., Bui, É., Goetter, E. M., Baker, A. W., Rogers, A. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24094 · Cited by 24
“…that depression, PTSD, and CG are all disorders that can develop in response to a traumatic life stressor, such as a death, and they fall on a continuum of stress-related syndromes with partially overlapping symptoms and clinical presentations (Bonanno et al., 2007; Simon, 2012; Sung et al., 2011).”
Komischke-Konnerup, K. B., Vang, M. L., Lundorff, M., Elklit, A., & O’Connor, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000859 · Cited by 26
The effects of temperament, character, and defense mechanisms on grief severity among the elderly
Gana, K., & K’Delant, P. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.017 · Cited by 22
Tsai, W., Wen, F., Kuo, S., Prigerson, H. G., Chou, W., Shen, W., & Tang, S. T. (2020) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5333 · Cited by 24
“HLM does not provide true R(2) values; therefore, goodness of fit for the models was determined using pseudo-R(2).(17,34) Significance of the variables in the regression model was set at P < .”
MethodCarmassi, C., Gesi, C., Corsi, M., Pergentini, I., Cremone, I. M., Conversano, C., Perugi, G., Shear, M. K., & Dell’Osso, L. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.012 · Cited by 22
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Disaster Mental Health Research:
Neria, Y., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511730030.035 · Cited by 24
Self-citationSocial problem solving in complicated grief
Maccallum, F., & Bryant, R. A. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x487040 · Cited by 23
“CG differs from depression and PTSD both in terms of its core concerns and response to treatment (Boelen, van den Bout, & de Keijser, 2003; Bonanno et al., 2007; Prigerson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMental health outcomes of widowed and married mothers after war
Nexhmedin Morina, B., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.093609 · Cited by 22
Komischke-Konnerup, K. B., O’Connor, M., Hoijtink, H., & Boelen, P. A. (2023) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.11.001 · Cited by 23
Patel, S. R., Cole, A., Little, V., Skritskaya, N. A., Lever, E., Dixon, L. B., & Shear, M. K. (2018) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmy050 · Cited by 22
Polish version of the Inventory of Complicated Grief – preliminary validation
Ludwikowska-Świeboda, K., & Lachowska, B. (2019) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/91729 · Cited by 21
“[40], where the value of depression and PTSD in explaining the psychosocial functioning was being controlled.”
BackgroundRajkumar, A. P., Mohan, T. S., & Tharyan, P. (2015) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764015570713 · Cited by 19
“Following a major trauma, survivors may develop PGD or PTSD or both (Anderson, Arnold, Angus, & Bryce, 2008; Bonanno et al., 2007; Momartin, Silove, Manicavasagar, & Steel, 2004; Morina, Rudari, Bleichhardt, & Prigerson, 2010; Neria et al., 2007).”
InfluentialEvaluating the Efficacy of EMDR With Grieving Individuals: A Randomized Control Trial
Meysner, L., Cotter, P., & Lee, C. (2016) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.10.1.2 · Cited by 13
Anxiety Sensitivity in Bereaved Adults With and Without Complicated Grief
Robinaugh, D. J., McNally, R. J., LeBlanc, N. J., Pentel, K. Z., Schwarz, N. R., Shah, R. M., Nadal-Vicens, M. F., Moore, C., Marques, L. M., Bui, É., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000171 · Cited by 18
“CG occurs in 6.7% of bereaved adults (Kersting et al., 2011) and is independently associated with increased risk for adverse medical and mental health outcomes and substantial impairment across domains of functioning (Bonanno et al., 2007; Latham and Prigerson, 2004; Ott, 2003).”
InfluentialCatecholamine predictors of complicated grief treatment outcomes
O'Connor, M., Shear, M. K., Fox, R., Skritskaya, N. A., Campbell, B., Ghesquiere, A., & Glickman, K. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.09.014 · Cited by 17
Attentional Bias and Complicated Grief: A Primed Dot-Probe Task with Emotional Faces
Bullock, A. B., & Bonanno, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.020411 · Cited by 16
“Convincing evidence has been provided to suggest that the symptoms of complicated grief carry unique predictive utility (Boelen, P.A., & van den Bout, J., 2008) and convergent validity (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEmotional and physiological reactivity in Complicated Grief
LeBlanc, N. J., Unger, L. D., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.024 · Cited by 20
“After controlling for participants' depression and PTSD symptoms, the authors found that CG symptoms predicted decreases in participants' HR when talking about the deceased (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
BackgroundPsychosocial care and cardiac genetic counseling following sudden cardiac death in the young
Ingles, J., & James, C. A. (2017) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2017.03.001 · Cited by 16
Yu, M., Tang, S., Wang, C., Xiang, Z., Yu, W., Xu, W., Wang, J., & Prigerson, H. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01201 · Cited by 15
“Numerous empirical studies have demonstrated that PG symptoms are indeed distinct from anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (Prigerson et al., 1995, 1996; Bonanno et al., 2007; Dillen and Fontaine, 2009; Prigerson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHopf, D., Eckstein, M., Ditzen, B., & Aguilar‐Raab, C. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221076622 · Cited by 15
“…& Shair, 2005; Steinig & Kersting, 2015) and has been shown to be associated with depression, hypertension and cardiac problems, work and social impairment, psychotropic drug use, and reduced quality of life (Boelen & Prigerson, 2007; Bonanno et al., 2007; Neria et al., 2007; Simon et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAmbivalence and innovative moments in grief psychotherapy: The cases of Emily and Rose.
Alves, D., Fernández‐Navarro, P., Ribeiro, A. P., Ribeiro, E., & Gonçalves, M. M. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0031151 · Cited by 15
“It seems to be consistent with recent research suggesting “complicated grief” and “depression” as different problematics (Bonanno et al., 2007; Lichtenthal et al., 2004).”
ResultKliem, S., Lohmann, A., Mößle, T., Kröger, C. B., Brähler, E., & Kersting, A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.087 · Cited by 15
Common Therapeutic Factors in Bereavement Groups
Rice, A. J. (2014) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.946627 · Cited by 14
Loss and grief: the role of individual differences
Mancini, A. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994791.015 · Cited by 13
Self-citationWen, F., Chou, W., Shen, W., & Tang, S. T. (2020) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5441 · Cited by 13
Lee, S. A., Gibbons, J. A., & Bottomley, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01450-z · Cited by 20
“In addition, researchers have observed that emotion dysregulation evidenced during interviews about loss are associated with PGD symptoms (Bonanno et al., 2007; Parkes, 1986), including the prospective prediction of grief difficulties a year into the future (Bonanno & Keltner, 1997).”
BackgroundMaccallum, F., Breen, L. J., Phillips, J. L., Agar, M. R., Hosie, A., Tieman, J., DiGiacomo, M. L., Luckett, T., Philip, J. A. M., Ivynian, S. E., et al. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723003227 · Cited by 13
“…co-morbidity is common in bereavement and can aid understanding of psychopathology, identification of risk factors, and intervention planning (e.g. Bonanno et al., 2007; Maccallum and Bryant, 2018; Simon et al., 2007), we undertook a latent class analysis (LCA) to group participants based on…”
Huang, S. H., Birk, J. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2099545 · Cited by 16
“Indeed, PTSD symptoms were shown to predict increased heart rate when bereaved individuals talked about the loss, whereas grief symptoms predicted the opposite (Bonanno et al., 2007), indicating that there are substantive differences in the physiological manifestation of the two disorders.”
BackgroundSelf-citationVang, M. L., Prigerson, H. G., Elklit, A., Komischke-Konnerup, K. B., & O’Connor, M. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114937 · Cited by 14
Clinical correlates of complicated grief among individuals with acute coronary syndromes
Pini, S., Gesi, C., Abelli, M., Cardini, A., Lari, L., Felice, F., Stefano, R. D., Mazzotta, G., Bovenzi, F., Bertoli, D., et al. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s87118 · Cited by 13
Sawyer, J. S., & Brewster, M. E. (2018) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2018.1446061 · Cited by 14
“Researchers have noted that men, older individuals, and individuals with higher levels of education typically respond to grief with higher levels of resilience, and the impact of race is uncertain at this point (Bonanno et al., 2007, 2008).”
BackgroundMasferrer, L., Mancini, A. D., & Caparrós, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566785 · Cited by 12
Self-citationWen, F., Prigerson, H. G., Chou, W., Chen, J., Chang, W., Hsu, M. H., & Tang, S. T. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5902 · Cited by 12
Subjective Distress Associated with Sudden Loss in Clients with Severe Mental Illness
O’Hare, T., & Sherrer, M. V. (2011) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9382-0 · Cited by 12
Preloss Spirituality Predicts Postloss Distress of Bereaved Cancer Caregivers
Ting, A., Lucette, A., Carver, C. S., Cannady, R., & Kim, Y. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay024 · Cited by 12
Grief in the Context of HIV: Recommendations for Practice
Mallinson, R. K. (2013) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2012.08.012 · Cited by 11
“A growing body of evidence shows complicated grief to be distinct from depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (Bonanno et al., 2007; Drenth et al., 2010; Horowitz et al., 2003; Howarth, 2011; Hughes, 2011).”
BackgroundHan, H., Yun, J.-A., Huh, H. J., Huh, S. W., Hwang, J., Joo, J., Yoon, Y. A., Shin, E.-G., Choi, W. J., Lee, S. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e194 · Cited by 11
A Traumatic Death Support Group Program: Applying an Integrated Conceptual Framework
Walijarvi, C. M., Weiss, A. H., & Weinman, M. L. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553344 · Cited by 11
“Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in developing an understanding of the characteristics of pathological grief and in developing the means of identifying and measuring it (Boelen & van den Bout, 2007; Bonanno et al. 2007; Prigerson, Horowitz, Jacobs, Parkes, & Aslan, 2009).”
BackgroundShimizu, K., Kikuchi, S., Kobayashi, T., & Kato, S. (2017) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12183 · Cited by 10
The Economics of Losing a Loved One: Delayed Reward Discounting in Prolonged Grief
Maccallum, F., & Bonanno, G. A. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615605827 · Cited by 10
“Although targeted treatments have demonstrated efficacy (Boelen et al., 2007; Bryant et al., 2014; Shear et al., 2005), there remain significant gaps in our understanding.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoreira, D. S., Azeredo, A. A. C., Moreira, D. S., Fávero, M., & Sousa‐Gomes, V. (2022) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000490 · Cited by 14
Levi‐Belz, Y. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12973 · Cited by 13
Lee, S. A. (2018) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2018.1509909 · Cited by 10
“This finding aligns with research that has shown that complicated grief is strongly associated with functional impairment, even after the effects of other mental disorders are taken into account (Bonanno et al., 2007; Simon et al., 2007).”
ResultLombardo, L., Lai, C., Luciani, M., Morelli, E., Buttinelli, E., Aceto, P., Lai, S., D'Onofrio, M., Galli, F., Bellizzi, F., et al. (2014) · Rivista di psichiatria · doi:10.1708/1551.16903 · Cited by 10
Grief Reactions in Children and Adolescents
Revet, A., Laifer, L. M., & Raynaud, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65241-2_4 · Cited by 10
Kokou‐Kpolou, C. K., Jumageldinov, A., Park, S., Nieuviarts, N., Khales, C., & Cénat, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2020.39.3.172 · Cited by 10
Prolonged grief disorder symptomology in three African countries: A network analysis and comparison
Robinson, M., Armour, C., & Levin, Y. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.54 · Cited by 13
“It should be noted that other psychopathologies may be associated with disordered grief, such as PTSD and depression (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMilman, E. J., Williams, J. L., Bountress, K. E., & Rheingold, A. A. (2018) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i2.124 · Cited by 9
“For example, studies examining homicide bereavement more than 2 years post loss reported lower proportions of depression (17%–20%; Bonanno et al., 2007; Rheingold et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEmotion-focused therapy for grief and bereavement
Sharbanee, J. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (2022) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2022.2100813 · Cited by 13
“Consistent with this it has been shown that people who do not overtly grieve have impaired general functioning compared to those who have been able to grieve (Bonanno et al., 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bonanno, G. A., Neria, Y., Mancini, A., Coifman, K. G., Litz, B., & Insel, B.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 342-351
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W1970652546
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 14.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R29-MH57274; R01-MH73595)
- Spunk Fund Inc.
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- complicated grief, bereavement, incremental validity, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, functioning, autonomic arousal, DSM-5
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Grief, Heart Rate, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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