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Cited by 28Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthSpinal Cord Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury Research

Distinguishing Grief From Depression During Acute Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury

Klyce, Daniel W., Bombardier, Charles H., Davis, Trevor J., Hartoonian, Narineh, Hoffman, Jeanne M., Fann, Jesse R., Kalpakjian, Claire Z.·2015·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.018
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Abstract

Objective To examine whether grief is a psychometrically sound construct that is distinct from depression in individuals who have recently sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI).Design Cross-sectional survey.Setting Inpatient rehabilitation units at 3 geographically diverse, university-affiliated medical centers.Participants Patients with SCI (N=206) were recruited (163 men [79.1%]). Most patients were non-Hispanic whites (n=175 [85.0%]). Most patients sustained a cervical SCI (n=134 [64.4%]). Various injury etiologies were represented, with the majority being accounted for by falls (n=72 [31.5%]) and vehicle-related accidents (n=69 [33.5%]). The mean time since injury was 53.5±40.5 days.Interventions Not applicable.Main outcome measures An adapted version of the 12-item structured clinical interview for Prolonged Grief Disorder was used to assess symptoms of grief, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to measure depression. Demographic and injury-related data were also collected.Results A principal component analysis (with direct oblimin rotation) of the grief measure suggested a 2-component solution. The content of items loading on the separate components suggested 2 subscales: loss (6 items; Cronbach α=.810) and trauma (6 items; Cronbach α=.823). Follow-up principal component analyses including both grief and depression measures suggested clear differentiation of grief-related loss from depression. The prevalence of clinically significant levels of grief was low (6%), and levels of depression were consistent with previous findings related to inpatient rehabilitation (23.5%).Conclusions The items used to assess grief symptoms in patients participating in inpatient rehabilitation for recently sustained SCI appear to capture a psychometrically reliable construct that is distinct from that of depression. Research is needed on the predictive validity of early grief symptoms after SCI and the relation of grief to other psychological constructs over time.

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Authors
Klyce, D. W., Bombardier, C. H., Davis, T. J., Hartoonian, N., Hoffman, J. M., Fann, J. R., & Kalpakjian, C. Z.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Klyce, Daniel W.
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-08
Volume
96
Issue
8
Pages
1419-1425
ISSN
0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.018
OpenAlex
W2004511501
Cited by
28
References
44
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI
2.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (H133N060003, H133N060032, H133N110009, H133N060033)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords
grief, prolonged grief disorder, depression, spinal cord injury, acute recovery, inpatient rehabilitation, psychometric validation, trauma and loss, cervical spinal cord injury
MeSH terms
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Grief, Hospitals, University, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Spinal Cord Injuries, Principal Component Analysis

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