Cited by 781Education, Achievement, and GiftednessGrit, Self-Efficacy, and MotivationSport Psychology and Performance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback

VandeWalle, Don, Cron, William L., Slocum, John W.·2001·Journal of Applied Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study examined the relationship of goal orientation and performance over a series of 2 challenging performance events. After providing performance feedback on the 1st event, the authors found that the relationship between a learning goal orientation and performance remained positive for the 2nd event, the relationship between a proving goal orientation and performance diminished from a positive to a nonsignificant level, and the relationship between an avoiding goal orientation and performance remained negative. Data analysis also indicated that the relationships between the 3 goal orientation dimensions and the performance event were differentially mediated by goal setting, self-efficacy, and effort.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
Untitled work
(1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,439
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
Untitled work
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,690
Motivational processes affecting learning.
Dweck, C. S. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.10.1040 · Cited by 6,971
Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.
Ames, C. (1992) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261 · Cited by 6,468
Untitled work
(1999) · Cited by 6,308

Show all 47 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–775 of 775

Cognitive and Social Factors
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.013
Parting Thoughts
Halpern, D. F., & Cheung, F. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.046
The Underpinnings of Sex and Gender and How to Study Them
Cheung, F. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.001
Some Final Thoughts and Take-Home Messages
Cheung, F. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.045
Self-Efficacy
Gist, M. E., & Gist‐Mackey, A. N. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199846740-0043 · Cited by 1
References
Pauline Grant MA, M. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713280.refs
Goal orientation-creativity relationship
Borlongan, M. D. D. (2008) · doi:10.31979/etd.9fh8-egvq
Project Commitment in the Context of Information Security
Koskosas, I. V., & Sariannidis, N. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2800-7.ch016
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Achievement Goals Questionnaire among Nigerian Preservice Mathematics and Science Teachers
Awofala, A. O. A., Arigbabu, A. A., Fatade, A. O., & Awofala, A. A. (2013) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology · doi:10.14204/ejrep.31.13039
Index
Cheung, F. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.047
Diving in headfirst
Dean, T. (2020) · Digital Repository Service (Northeastern University) · doi:10.17760/d20398297
The adoption of approach versus avoidance goals: The role of goal-relevant resources
Brandstätter, V., Schnelle, J., & Knopfel, A. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e549912013-024
Goal Orientation
Erez, M. (2015) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Management · doi:10.1002/9781118785317.weom110048
What Drives Student Engagement? The Role of Learning Goal Orientation, Feeling Envied, and Ethical Climate
Aleksić, D., & Mihelič, K. K. (2022) · Drustvena istrazivanja · doi:10.5559/di.31.2.05 · Cited by 2
“In addition, when confronted with obstacles, learning-oriented individuals also tend to exert effort to develop and master new skills, show resilience, and persist in the face of obstacles (VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
The mediating effect of intrinsic motivation between goal orientation and job crafting
Lee, S., & Suh, Y. (2022) · Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.24230/kjiop.v35i3.583-612
The Effects of Multilevel Orientations on Frontline Deliberate Learning
Wu, J., & Chen, L. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221127171
“When the climate of an organization conflicts with employees’ personal goals, employees’ work-related decisions are affected (e.g., Suliman & Abdulla, 2005; VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
Background
A new angle on surgical resident wellness: exploring the correlation between emotional exhaustion, stress and performance-avoid goal orientation learning behaviors
Fatunmbi, A., Woelfel, I. A., Young, K., Aarons, C. B., Balanoff, C., Protyniak, B., Joshi, A., HENRY, R. C., & Hoffman, R. L. (2022) · Global Surgical Education - Journal of the Association for Surgical Education · doi:10.1007/s44186-022-00083-4
“Previous studies have proposed that a performance-avoid mentality takes cognitive resources away from mastery development and because of the mental load required to continually avoid rather than master, which in turn can lead to poorer self-assessment of well-being [24].”
Correlates to Goal Frustration
Zhou, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7477-9_3
Zwinne uczenie się przez doświadczenie – propozycja kwestionariusza odpowiadającego koncepcji learning agility
Ostrowska, I., & Chruszczewski, M. H. (2023) · Krakow Review of Economics and Management/Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie · doi:10.15678/znuek.2022.0998.0408
Selecting Best-Fit Alliance Decision Makers to Minimize Bias and Enhance Alliance PerformancePreprint
Cummings, J., & Demirkan, I. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4649365
Culture and Performance Management at Individual and Team Levels
Aycan, Z., & Burak, E. G. D. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190085384.013.6
Change-Oriented Leadership and Frugal Innovations: A Moderated Mediation Model of Readiness to Change and Learning Goal Orientation
Chughtai, M. S., Amin, S., Khalid, Y., & Ahmed, S. I. (2023) · Journal of Innovative Research in Management Sciences · doi:10.62270/jirms.v4i2.53
Maintaining life satisfaction when faced with multiple crisis episodes: the role of entrepreneurs’ goal orientation
Knockaert, M., DeTienne, D. R., Coppens, K., & Lambrecht, J. (2024) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-09-2022-0834 · Cited by 1
Risiko Terjadinya Kecurangan Akademik Ditinjau dari Orientasi Tujuan Mahasiswa
Husna, M. T., & Raffles, F. (2024) · Syiah Kuala Psychology Journal · doi:10.24815/skpj.v2i1.29752
Virtual Escapism
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0005
Cheap Thrills
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0008
Fanatic
Ungemah, J. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.001.0001
Ultra Physical
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0004
Compulsive Perfection
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0007
Happiness on Sale
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0009
Action
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0010
Galactic Connections
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0002
Lemons to Lemonade
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0003
Introduction
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0001
One Person’s Trash
Ungemah, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197783894.003.0006
The Effect of Learning Goal Orientation of Self-Employed Restaurant Owners on Store Performance: Focusing on the Dual Mediating Effect of Creativity and Adaptive Selling*
Shin, H. (2025) · Journal of Channel and Retailing · doi:10.17657/jcr.2025.1.31.5
Ziele erreichen
Pentz, W. (2025) · Positive Psychologie kompakt. · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70117-1_6
Goal orientation and servant leadership: the mediating role of affect spin
Choi, M., Kim, S., Chang, J. Y., Nam, S., & Moon, R. H. (2025) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-06-2023-0309
Designing a System of Performance Feedback Communication in Higher Education
Chitranshi, J., Divekar, R., & Lenka, R. M. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6938-7_8
Motivation or burden? The double-edged sword effect of being envied on employees’ taking charge
Pan, Q., Bai, Y., & Wei, H. (2025) · Chinese Management Studies · doi:10.1108/cms-06-2024-0393
Two Faces of Excellence
Kluger, A. N., & Ganzach, Y. (2000) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-920-020251004
Alliance Decision Makers And How They Shape Alliance Performance
(2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64802-592-120251007
Working Daily, Paid Monthly? Effects of On-Demand Wage Access on the Financial Engagement of Low-Wage Workers
Kim, J. J., Yoon, S., Chung, S., & Oh, W. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2023.0673
The Greatest of All Time: World of Warcraft’ s 20 Years of Player Commitment: Part 1I: Moderating Performance Goal Inputs
Smith, B., & Stringer, E. (2025) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.2025.3587511
Research on the Technology Innovation with SEM model Based on Data Mode Analysis
Bi, X. Q., & Li, X. (2015) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/etmhs-15.2015.26
REWARDS AND CREATIVITY: THE NEXT STEP
Abdur, M., & Malik, R. (2013) · HEC National Digital Library
INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR OWN MOTIVATION IN SCHOOL: TOWARDS AN EXPANDED CONCEPTUALIZATION OF MOTIVATION IN THE SCHOOL CONTEXT
Huguet, A. E. (2006) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Effects of Goal Orientation Profile Types on Organizational Outcoms in Veterinarians
Arnold, K. A. (2012) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University)
A multimethod examination of contributors to successful on-the-job learning for vocational students
Metso, S. (2014) · LUTPub (LUT University)
Does one size fit all? Individual differences and reactions to feedback: a meta-analysis
Condrea, S., & Iliescu, D. (2025) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2025.2596260
“For example, learning goal orientation can manifest more meaningfully in the academic environment than in other contexts such as work (*Vandewalle et al., 2001; Dweck, 1999).”
From Belief to Behavior: The Mediating Role of Mindset and Achievement Goals in EFL Teachers' Feedback-Seeking BehaviourPreprint
Moladoost, A., Kashkouli, Z., & Yekta, R. R. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555505/v1
The impact of goal orientation on Chinese university students’ reading engagement: the mediating roles of boredom and self-efficacy
Hung, L., Lin, X., Hung, M.-T., & Smith, C. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1704593 · Cited by 1
“Consistent with this, Dweck and Leggett (1988) showed that mastery-oriented students demonstrate adaptability and sustained effort, while VandeWalle et al. (2001) reinforced its predictive value for proactive learning strategies and achievement outcomes.”
Contribution à la compréhension de l’impact des expériences d’accompagnement entrepreneurial sur la dynamique de l’apprentissage expérientiel et le changement des comportements des accompagnateurs : cas du Réseau Entreprendre®
Salah, I. B. (2013) · doi:10.70675/b2897c6ezc249z4effzac50zf14315783361
THEORY OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP STYLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HABIT FORMATIONPreprint
Sun, P. Y. T., Neubert, M. J., & Sendjaya, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6508299
Rapid automatised naming and alternating stimulus including letters and numbers: an exploratory comparative eye-tracking study in a sample of university students with and without learning disabilities
Ανδρέου, Γ., Charitaki, G., & Gkantaki, M. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2026.2645905
“…expected performance differences in RaN tasks, suggesting that dispositional factors such as motivation can meaningfully modulate RaN outcomes [14,46]. the results consistently indicated that participants with lD showed significantly longer tsG, meaning they needed more time to process the…”
Les étudiants de basse classe sociale face au risque de mobilité ascendante : quels impacts sur l’adoption de buts de performance-évitement et sur les performances ?
Bruno, A. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4e6a1683zc708z4499z9d3fzd61461c833cc
Mindset, bien-être et réussite académique : articulation de la mentalité malléable, du coping proactif et de la motivation dans un contexte d’accomplissement
Parada, S. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/afdb09cez8483z4f73zb7b3z2f35f4b0eca2
Essai de modélisation des effets du feedback continu sur l'apprentissage : le cas d'une entreprise de logiciels en mode agile
Haddad, R. E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/74e3050fz1475z4dfez828ez5a5352abe5d4
Social and economic leader–member exchange relationships and career success: a lifespan developmental perspective
Steindórsdóttir, B. D. (2026) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2026.2669054
Workplace well-being: psychological pathways from goal orientation to flourishing and burnout
Polkinghorne, D. R., & Radosevich, D. J. (2026) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-09-2025-0531
Family motivation and unethical behaviors: The mediating role of bottom-line mentality and moderating role of leader performance-avoidance goal orientation
Geng, J., Zhang, L., Li, Y., & Jing, R. (2026) · Asian Business & Management · doi:10.1057/s41291-026-00329-9
“Although achievement goal theory distinguishes performance-avoidance, performance-prove, and learning goal orientations (VandeWalle, 1997 ; VandeWalle et al., 2001), we focus on leader PAGO for two reasons.”
Enhancing proactivity or encouraging cheating? The contrasting effects of leader negative feedback on employees' workplace behaviour
Dong, N., Xing, L. L., Y, L., Sheldon, O. J., Yin, K., & Gu, W. (2026) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.70126
Servant, Partner, or Competitor? How Embodied AI Role Positioning Influences Consumer's Purchase Intention Through Threat Perception and Feelings of Dominance
Lee, C. T., & Shen, Y. (2026) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.70184
“Research in achievement motivation demonstrates that mastery goals do not necessarily alter the initial cognitive appraisal of threat and instead buffer the negative impact of such perceptions by fostering adaptive coping strategies (Dweck 1986; VandeWalle et al. 2001).”
From classroom to career: The empowering effects of entrepreneurship education on career adaptability
Bai, J., Li, X., Fan, A. C. W., Huan, T.-C. T. C., & Leong, A. M. W. (2026) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2026.101491
The role of learning goal orientation in college students’ career decidedness: cognitive and emotional mechanisms
Yu, X., & Yang, M. (2026) · International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance · doi:10.1007/s10775-026-09828-9
How goal orientation shapes service quality: evidence from service and goods contexts
Lin, Y. (2026) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-12-2025-0880
Employee Benefits: Trends and Emerging Issues
Woong, J. E. K., & Chiam, J. C. S. (2026) · Singapore Labour Journal · doi:10.1142/s281103152650007x
How digital transformation drives employee innovation in SMEs: a moderated mediation perspective
Tran, M. L., Dao, P. H., Dieu, K. A. V., & Do, B. Q. (2026) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration · doi:10.1108/apjba-04-2026-0263
The Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in the Academic Goal Orientations of Sports Science Students
Dönmez, A., & Dönmez, K. (2026) · Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1994093
Does Goal Orientation Make a Difference for Innovation Implementation? Moderating Roles of Implementation Autonomy and Perceived Ease of Use
Choi, S. Y., Qian, X., Choi, J. N., & Chung, H. S. (2026) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2026.2739150
With whom you elaborate matters: how learning orientation impacts cross-culture and same-culture information elaboration in culturally diverse teams
Yang, Y., van Knippenberg, D., Pieterse, A. N., & Li, J. (2026) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-026-10161-9
Pathways to Psychological Well-Being of Management Students: The Role of Academic Engagement and Goal Orientation
Shinde, S., Tandon, A., & Chaudhry, S. (2026) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/10525629261492668
Is the sting of criticism the honey of praise? The double-edged sword effect of leader's daily negative feedback on employees
Xu, S., Wei, W., & Li, H. (2026) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-05-2025-0485
Validity Dynamism Of Personality Traits In The Selection Context
Shao, L. (2011) · eCommons (Cornell University)
Qual é o efeito da comunicação interna e da avaliação de desempenho no desempenho percecionado?
Morgado, A. I. B. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)

Authors: VandeWalle, D., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W.
Affiliations: Southern Methodist University (US)
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2001
Volume: 86
Issue: 4
Pages: 629-640
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629
OpenAlex: W2072046516
Semantic Scholar: f785ebefc8c87b28a78b68034bca2d3d2511b665
Cited by: 781
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 15.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords: goal orientation, performance feedback, learning objectives, performance goals, performance, goal setting, self-efficacy, effort, mediation
MeSH terms: Adult, Feedback, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Task Performance and Analysis, Self Efficacy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks