Cited by 999Gender Diversity and InequalitySocial and Intergroup PsychologyGender and Feminist Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: the implied communality deficit

Heilman, Madeline E., Okimoto, Tyler G.·2007·Journal of Applied Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In 3 experimental studies, the authors tested the idea that penalties women incur for success in traditionally male areas arise from a perceived deficit in nurturing and socially sensitive communal attributes that is implied by their success. The authors therefore expected that providing information of communality would prevent these penalties. Results indicated that the negativity directed at successful female managers--in ratings of likability, interpersonal hostility, and boss desirability--was mitigated when there was indication that they were communal. This ameliorative effect occurred only when the information was clearly indicative of communal attributes (Study 1) and when it could be unambiguously attributed to the female manager (Study 2); furthermore, these penalties were averted when communality was conveyed by role information (motherhood status) or by behavior (Study 3). These findings support the idea that penalties for women's success in male domains result from the perceived violation of gender-stereotypic prescriptions.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Handbook of Social Psychology
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.109.3.573 · Cited by 7,300
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 2,641
Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder
Heilman, M. E. (2001) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00234 · Cited by 2,482
Self-citation
Social cognition, 2nd ed.
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991) · Cited by 2,341
Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic Women
Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2001) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00239 · Cited by 1,881
Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management.
Rudman, L. A. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.629 · Cited by 1,511
Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women Who Succeed at Male Gender-Typed Tasks.
Heilman, M. E., Wallen, A. S., Fuchs, D., & Tamkins, M. M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.416 · Cited by 1,390
Self-citation
A Global Look at Psychological Barriers to Women's Progress in Management
Schein, V. E. (2001) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00235 · Cited by 1,123
Sex bias in work settings: The Lack of Fit model.
Heilman, M. E. (1983) · Research in Organizational Behavior · Cited by 1,018
Self-citation

Show all 35 references

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 998

Gender Balance Fostering in Turkish Civil Aviation within the Context of Sustainable Aviation
Oto, N., & Şengür, F. K. (2019) · International Conference on Gender Studies · doi:10.33831/gspc19/311-328/21
The Development of Islamist Feminism in the Middle East: Iran and Egypt Cases
Dalaman, Z. B. (2019) · International Conference on Gender Studies · doi:10.33831/gspc19/681-700/42
An Analysis of Gendering of Space in Historical Hospitals of Anatolia
Dişli, G. (2019) · International Conference on Gender Studies · doi:10.33831/gspc19/209-224/14
Examination of Hofstede’s Masculinity-Femininity Dimension in Four Politicians’ Speeches at G20 Summit in 2018
Tören, Ö., & Tören, E. (2019) · International Conference on Gender Studies · doi:10.33831/gspc19/350-365/23
Synthesizing Solutions across the Lifespan: Early Career Solutions
DeGolia, S. G., & May, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44459-4_15
Are we there yet? Shifting towards a more positive perception of men and women countering gender stereotypes in the workplacePreprint
Born, N. M., & Erle, T. M. (2018) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/wpx7m
Exploring the bidirectional connection between belonging and women’s self-sexualization
Allen, J. M., Grembowski, M. H. E. N., Mallett, R. K., & Gervais, S. J. (2020) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2020.1831588
No Place for Women
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.003
Do Voters Expect Women to Be Better than Men?
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.005
Fomenting a Gender Rebellion
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.002
Gender Bias, Disrupted
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.007
The Physical Representation of Female Leaders in the Media
Benuska, K. (2017)
The role of appearance in selection for sex-typed jobs
Redhead, M. (2014) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · doi:10.7912/c2/1083
Language, Sexism and Misogyny The Reception of Women’s Political Speech
Cameron, D. (2020) · doi:10.30687/978-88-6969-478-3/001
The Aim versus the Action: Race, Intention, and Moral Judgment
Staples, W. A. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Forestry: feminine plural?
Veltri, A., & Russo, M. (2011) · Forest - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale · doi:10.3832/efor0675-008
The Future Is Female
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.008
The Gendered Qualification Gap
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.001
Sexism in the Sports World
Miceli, D. (2021)
Risk Taking in the Context of Financial Advice: The Issue of Gender IdentityPreprint
Monne, J., Rutterford, J., & Sotiropoulos, D. P. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3823854
A Gendered Information Gap
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.004
Insidious Nonetheless: How Small Effects and Hierarchical Norms Create and Maintain Gender Disparities in OrganizationsPreprint
Du, Y., Nordell, J., & Joseph, K. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.04196
Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition
Hanek, K. J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190060800.013.22
Geschlecht, Gleichberechtigung und Kommunikation in Unternehmen
Bark, A. S. H., & Hentschel, T. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-23390-7_36-1
Comparative studies of sexual assaults in Canada and in Hong Kong
Wong, C. K. (2011) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
The Gender Dynamics of Dissent in Organizations
Severance, L. E. (2012) · University Libraries (University of Maryland)
Gender Stereotyping of Emotions in Small Businesses and Entrepreneurial Ventures
Jhamb, S., & Ryan, T. (2021) · Journal of Business Diversity · doi:10.33423/jbd.v21i3.4436
Les transitions professionnelles
(2017) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.soide.2017.01.0257
References
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.010
References
(2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83867-130-320191008
Appendixes
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.009
Self, Career, and Gender Issues
(2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2107-7.ch004
References
(2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78743-063-120172014 · Cited by 1
Essays in Behavioral Labor Economics
Grosch, K. (2017) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6589
Discriminating Sexism
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0004
Change Leadership and Female Superintendents
Streshly, M. E. (2015) · doi:10.46569/10211.3/142288
Final Thoughts and Concluding Comments
(2013) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4534-9.ch010
Index
Bauer, N. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108864503.011
Moderating Role of Gender between Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction
Traymbak, S., Kumar, P., & Jha, A. N. (2017) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3917-9.ch021
Losing (to) Misogynists
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0009
Final Thoughts and Concluding Comments
(2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2107-7.ch010
The Interactive Effects of Sex of a Sender and Gender Role on Liking and Perceived Competence in Online Email Communication
Opfer, M. (2018) · doi:10.31979/etd.334r-x6zv
Introduction
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.003.0001 · Cited by 1
Conclusion
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0010
Taking His (Out)
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0005
Suspecting Victims
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0008
Threatening Women
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0002
Introduction
Samuel, R., Bergman, M. M., Keller, A. C., & Semmer, N. K. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8911-0_1
Exonerating Men
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0007
References
Koput, K. W., & Gutek, B. A. (2010) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849809085.00012
7th International Conference on Gender Studies:Gender, Space, Place & Culture
(2019) · doi:10.33831/gspc19
Humanizing Hatred
Manne, K. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0006
Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP) Proceedings of the 15th International Scientific Conference
(2022) · Rural Environment. Education. Personality · doi:10.22616/reep.2022.15
Exploring Students’ Perception of Gender Diversity: Implications for Diversity Management at a University
Roskoša, A., & Stukalina, Y. (2022) · Rural Environment. Education. Personality · doi:10.22616/reep.2022.15.004
Taking the credit of a teammate: Examining gender and performance attribution biases
Garcia, K. M. (2021) · doi:10.46569/20.500.12680/3b591g203
Women Entering Pediatrics
Lewis, K. D., & Turner, T. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98222-5_2
Bibliographie
(2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.legal.2021.01.0107
“You have a bad attitude”: Preparing tutors for gender bias in the writing classroom and writing centre through autoethnography and storytelling
Thomas, S. E. (2022) · TEXT · doi:10.52086/001c.35291
Gender Bias in United States High School Principal Hiring Practices
Leavy, D., & Owens, M. A. (2022) · Globalisation, comparative education and policy research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14957-3_9
Psychologie et carrières
(2022) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.lagab.2022.01.0307
محددات تشكيل الصورة النمطية لرائدات الأعمال وعلاقتها باتجاهات الشباب الجامعي نحو المشروعات الريادية
الخريبي, إ. ع. ا. (2023) · المجلة العلمية لبحوث العلاقات العامة و الإعلان · doi:10.21608/sjocs.2023.299519
Sense of purpose among transgender adults in the United States: comparisons of levels and health correlates
Hill, P. L., Wilson, M. E., & Strecher, V. J. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2224038
The effects of gender nonconformity on adolescent peer evaluation and related dynamics
Fangfang, W. E. N., Ke, W., Fang, Z., Yang, W. A. N. G., Yatian, L. E. I., & Bin, Z. U. O. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.01331
The Hiring Dilemma: Efficiency, Equality, or Both?Preprint
Pisanelli, E. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4488438
Are Stay-at-Home Dads Real Men? The Potential of Critical Media Literacy to Enhance Teacher Training
Gilligan, K. (2023) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31046-1_13
Examining the impact of learning technologies on social justice in higher education
Tay, Z. A. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.241972
‘They Didn’t Want to Upset the Client’: Stalking in Hands-on Occupations
Scarr, L., & Kennedy, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32379-9_10
The effects of the rhetorical charisma signal and voice pitch in female leader selectionPreprint
Wilms, R., Oostrom, J. K., & van Garderen, E. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/bz6qg
Girls in the combined cadet force: a qualitative exploration of the impact of their experiences on their graduate employability skills
Grant, L., & Yates, J. (2023) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-03-2022-0101
Rollenbilder und Geschlechterstereotype
Biehl, B. (2023) · SDG - Forschung, Konzepte, Lösungsansätze zur Nachhaltigkeit · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-42540-1_3
A Diverse and Trusted Workforce: Examining Elements That Could Contribute to the Potential for Bias and Sources of Inequity in National Security Personnel Vetting
Beaghley, S., Paige, J. W., Stebbins, D., Zelazny, S., Ryan, S. M., & Cross, A. B. (2023) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rra1987-1 · Cited by 1
Interactional Contexts of Workplace Inequality: Differential Emotional Responses to Men and Women in Authority Positions
Hawks, K., Hegtvedt, K. A., & Johnson, C. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0882-614520230000040006
Implied Communality Deficit and Heroism
Jackson, S. C., & Sadik, M. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_303-1
Perceptions of women in authority positions: The role of warmth and competence
Chalmers, J., & Sutton, R. M. (2023) · Routledge Open Research · doi:10.12688/routledgeopenres.17952.1
Kobiety i mężczyźni w procesie zatrudniania – opinie osób rekrutujących
Pokrzywa, M. (2019) · Władza Sądzenia · doi:10.18778/2300-1690.17.05
Notes
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.002.0007
Copyright Page
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.002.0003
Descriptions and Sources of All Variables used in Chapter 6 Regression
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.005.0002
Lists of Positive and Negative Traits Presented to Participants
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.005.0001
Dedication
Valdini, M. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190936198.002.0004
Gender and (inaccurate) beliefsPreprint
Erkal, N., & Koh, B. H. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4895018
Definitions and Descriptions of Heroism
Allison, S. T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48129-1_102
Implied Communality Deficit and Heroism
Jackson, S. C., & Sadik, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48129-1_303
Boosting Him but Not Her: Negative Stereotypes and Leader–Follower Relations
Czukor, G., O’Brien, A., & Pye, A. (2024) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-024-00416-w
Looks on Trial: Fashion and the Double-bind among Female Supreme Court Justices
Stepp, K. K., & Castle, J. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57073-5_10
Wholehearted Acceptance
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0008
On Parenting and Healing Diasporic Wounds
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0010
Conclusion
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0011
About the Author
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0012
The Healing Orientation Model Elements (HOME) Assessment
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.005.0001
Patterns That Remain
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.001.0001
Foreword
Nadal, K. L. Y. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0006
Understanding Historical Trauma and Scarcity Mindsets
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0002
Copyright Page
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0003
Pattern-Breaking Strategies for Self-Nourishment
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0009
Preface
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0007
Dedication
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0004
Breaking the Silence About Unhelpful Patterns and Mental Health
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0001
Notes
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.002.0011
Insecure Attachment Styles Among Asian Americans
Litam, S. D. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197762677.003.0005

Authors: Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Flinders University (AU)
ORCID: Heilman, Madeline E.
Okimoto, Tyler G.
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 92
Issue: 1
Pages: 81-92
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81
OpenAlex: W1984444903
Cited by: 999
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 68.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Keywords: women in male-dominated fields, gender stereotypes, nurturing, social sensitivity, women in management, likeability, interpersonal hostility
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adult, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Prejudice, Stereotyping

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: the implied communality deficit

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks