Cited by 157Stress and Burnout ResearchPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchOccupational Health and Performance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Firefighters, critical incidents, and drinking to cope: The adequacy of unit-level performance resources as a source of vulnerability and protection

Bacharach, Samuel B., Bamberger, Peter A., Doveh, Etti·2008·Journal of Applied Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The authors investigated the moderating role of unit-level performance resources on the distress-mediated relationship between the intensity of involvement in workplace critical incidents and problematic drinking behavior (i.e., drinking to cope). Building on recent developments in hierarchical linear modeling, the authors tested a cross-level, moderated-mediation model using data from 1,481 firefighters in 144 companies. The findings indicate that (a) there is a significant, distress-mediated association between intensity of involvement in such incidents and drinking to cope, which varies by company (i.e., unit), and (b) the adequacy of unit-level performance resources explains much of this cross-unit variance and attenuates both individual-level mediation stages (i.e., intensity of involvement in critical incidents 3 distress, and distress 3 drinking to cope). Implications regarding the role of unit resources adequacy as a vulnerability factor in stressor-strain relations are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.155

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,842
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187
SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206553 · Cited by 17,383
The job demands-resources model of burnout.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499 · Cited by 13,643
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.248 · Cited by 9,297
Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0381 · Cited by 8,163
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243
Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions
Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2000) · Cited by 4,914
Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample.
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 · Cited by 4,874
Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307 · Cited by 4,594 · cited 2×
“, loss spirals), and, ultimately, personal resource impoverishment and psychological distress (Hobfoll, 2002; Holahan, Moos, Holahan, & Cronkite, 1999).”
Background
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 3,573
Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability
Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1992.4279530 · Cited by 3,570
A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123 · Cited by 3,262
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 2,531
Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation in multilevel models: New procedures and recommendations.
Bauer, D. J., Preacher, K. J., & Gil, K. M. (2006) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.142 · Cited by 1,704
Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover.
Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1998) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.83.3.486 · Cited by 1,703
Levels issues in theory development, data collection and analysis
Klein, K. J., Dansereau, F., & Hall, R. J. (1994) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258703 · Cited by 1,607
Bringing context back into epidemiology: variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis
Diez-Roux, A. V. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.2.216 · Cited by 1,317
Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder
Brewin, C. R., & Holmes, E. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(03)00033-3 · Cited by 1,132
Substance Use Disorders in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Literature
Jacobsen, L. K., Southwick, S. M., & Kosten, T. R. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1184 · Cited by 1,050
Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II
Shils, E. A., & Janowitz, M. (1948) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/265951 · Cited by 946
Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: A multilevel study.
Jex, S. M., & Bliese, P. D. (1999) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.349 · Cited by 723
The ecology of stress
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4149 · Cited by 694
Coping, expectancies, and alcohol abuse: A test of social learning formulations.
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., & George, W. H. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.97.2.218 · Cited by 569
Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse.
Bremner, J., Southwick, S., Darnell, A., & Charney, D. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.3.369 · Cited by 554
Measuring explained variation in linear mixed effects models
Xu, R. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1572 · Cited by 537
Recognizing and Utilizing Expertise in Work Groups: A Status Characteristics Perspective
Bunderson, J. S. (2003) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3556637 · Cited by 527
Momentary work recovery: The role of within-day work breaks
Trougakos, J. P., & Hideg, I. (2009) · Research in occupational stress and well being · doi:10.1108/s1479-3555(2009)0000007005 · Cited by 496
Reaction to trauma: A cognitive processing model.
Creamer, M. C., Burgess, P. M., & Pattison, P. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.3.452 · Cited by 451
Justice and Leader-Member Exchange: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture
Erdoğan, B., Liden, R. C., & Kraimer, M. L. (2006) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2006.20786086 · Cited by 395
Distribution of Knowledge, Group Network Structure, and Group Performance
Rulke, D. L., & Galaskiewicz, J. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.5.612.12052 · Cited by 364
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS THROUGH THE LENS OF CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES (COR) THEORY
Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004) · Research in Occupational Stress and Well-being · doi:10.1016/s1479-3555(04)04005-3 · Cited by 334
Functional associations among trauma, ptsd, and substance-related disorders
Stewart, S. H., Pihl, R. O., Conrod, P., & Dongier, M. (1998) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00070-7 · Cited by 306
Epidemiological evidence about the relationship between ptsd and alcohol abuse
McFARLANE, A. C. (1998) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00098-7 · Cited by 272
Newcomer Adaptation in Teams: Multilevel Antecedents and Outcomes
Chen, G. (2005) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2005.15993147 · Cited by 260
Incorporating a mulitilevel perspective into occupational stress research: Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.
Bliese, P. D., & Jex, S. M. (2002) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//1076-8998.7.3.265 · Cited by 238
A multilevel analysis of the demands-control model: Is stress at work determined by factors at the group level or the individual level?
Yperen, N. W. V., & Snijders, T. A. B. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//1076-8998.5.1.182 · Cited by 236
Prevalence and distribution of alcohol use and impairment in the workplace: a U.S. national survey.
Frone, M. R. (2006) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2006.67.147 · Cited by 211
Social support, group consensus and stressor–strain relationships: Social context matters.
Bliese, P., & Britt, T. (2001) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.95 · Cited by 207
Work Stress and Alcohol Effects: A Test of Stress-Induced Drinking
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., & Frone, M. R. (1990) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136891 · Cited by 207
Resource loss, resource gain, and depressive symptoms: A 10-year model.
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., & Cronkite, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.77.3.620 · Cited by 202
Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in firefighters
Ben, K. S. D., Scotti, J. R., Chen, Y., & Fortson, B. L. (2006) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370600679512 · Cited by 198
Diversity and Homophily at Work: Supportive Relations Among White and African-American Peers
Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P. A., & Vashdi, D. R. (2005) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2005.17843942 · Cited by 191
Self-citation
Drinking to cope with negative affect and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: a test of three alternative explanations.
Carpenter, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (1999) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1999.60.694 · Cited by 184
DRIVEN TO DRINK: MANAGERIAL CONTROL, WORK-RELATED RISK FACTORS, AND EMPLOYEE PROBLEM DRINKING.
Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P. A., & Sonnenstuhl, W. J. (2002) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/3069302 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
Sleep difficulties and alcohol use motives in female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder
Nishith, P., Resick, P. A., & Mueser, K. T. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1011152405048 · Cited by 141
Relationship of work‐family conflict, gender, and alcohol expectancies to alcohol use/abuse
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1993) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030140604 · Cited by 140
The role of uncontrollable trauma in the development of PTSD and alcohol addiction.
Volpicelli, J. R., Balaraman, G., Hahn, J., Wallace, H., & Bux, D. A. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 118
Relations between posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions and substance dependence in a community-recruited sample of substance-abusing women.
Stewart, S. H., Conrod, P., Pihl, R. O., & Dongier, M. (1999) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.13.2.78 · Cited by 112
Work stress and self-reported alcohol use: The moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking.
Grunberg, L., Moore, S. Y., Anderson-Connolly, R., & Greenberg, E. (1999) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//1076-8998.4.1.29 · Cited by 107
Risk Factors for Posttrauma Reactions in Police Officers: A Longitudinal Study
Hodgins, G. A., Creamer, M. C., & Bell, R. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200108000-00007 · Cited by 104
An Abbreviated Measure of Internal-External Locus of Control
Valecha, G. K., & Ostrom, T. M. (1974) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.1974.10119987 · Cited by 95
Beyond demand and control: The contribution of organizational risk factors in assessing the psychological well-being of health care employees
Akerboom, S., & Maes, S. (2006) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370600690915 · Cited by 93
An investigation of age-related factors in the age-job-satisfaction relationship.
White, A. T., & Spector, P. E. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.2.3.261 · Cited by 86
Beyond situational constraints: Job resources inadequacy and individual performance at work
Bacharach, S. B., & Bamberger, P. A. (1995) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/1053-4822(95)90013-6 · Cited by 76
Self-citation
The Phenomenology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Sims, A. C. P., & Sims, D. (1998) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000029029 · Cited by 68
Drinking to cope: a comparison of questionnaire and electronic diary reports.
Todd, M. W., Armeli, S., Tennen, H. A., Carney, M. A., Ball, S. A., Kranzler, H. R., & Affleck, G. G. (2005) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2005.66.121 · Cited by 60
Traumatic Stress in Critical Occupations: Recognition, Consequences and Treatment
Paton, D., & Violanti, J. M. (1996) · Cited by 57
Effects of helper's sex, subjects' androgyny, and self-evaluation on males' and females' willingness to seek and receive help
Nadler, A., Maler, S., & Friedman, A. A. (1984) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287550 · Cited by 56
Causal attribution, cognitive interference, and the generalization of learned helplessness.
Mikulincer, M., & Nizan, B. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.3.470 · Cited by 48
Psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review.
Flannery, R. B. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 46
Psychological trauma in critical occupations: Methodological and assessment strategies.
Paton, D., & Smith, L. M. (1996) · Cited by 26
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Occupational Disability in South African Security Force Members
Emsley, R. A., Seedat, S., & Stein, D. J. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000061882.71610.d9 · Cited by 24
Life events, war and adjustment: Lessons for the middle east
Freedy, J. R., Hobfoll, S. E., & Ribbe, D. P. (1994) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809408249345 · Cited by 20
Protecting emergency responders. Volume 3. Safety management in disaster and terrorism response.
(2004) · doi:10.26616/nioshpub2004144 · Cited by 20
Neuroimaging Studies Reveal Brain Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Villarreal, G., & King, C. Y. (2004) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20041101-14 · Cited by 13
Work-Based Critical Incidents and Problem Drinking
Bamberger, P. A. (2005) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888405277900 · Cited by 11
Self-citation

Sorted by citations

A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation
Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & Zhang, Z. (2010) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0020141 · Cited by 3,796
Getting to the “COR”: Understanding the Role of Resources in Conservation of Resources Theory
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J.-P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314527130 · Cited by 3,356
Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computation, and Advances in the Modeling of the Contingencies of Mechanisms
Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. (2019) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764219859633 · Cited by 1,127
From the Editors Beyond Contextualization: Using Context Theories to Narrow the Micro-Macro Gap in Management Research
Bamberger, P. A. (2008) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2008.34789630 · Cited by 616
Self-citation
Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: An examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership
Hu, J., & Liden, R. C. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022465 · Cited by 563

See all 157

Authors: Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P. A., & Doveh, E.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
ORCID: Bacharach, Samuel B.
Bamberger, Peter A.
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 93
Issue: 1
Pages: 155-169
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.155
OpenAlex: W2149651785
Cited by: 156
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 8.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Cornell University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
Keywords: firefighters, drinking to cope, problematic drinking, occupational stress, distress, stressor-strain relationship, moderated mediation, occupational health
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Alcoholism, Crisis Intervention, Fires, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, New York City, Occupational Diseases, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Linear Models, Workload

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Firefighters, critical incidents, and drinking to cope: The adequacy of unit-level performance resources as a source of vulnerability and protection

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks