Extinction versus credibility in the desensitization of speech anxiety.
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These two mechanisms explain how expectancy effects are mainly resistant to change and even can grow over time.
“These two mechanisms explain how expectancy effects are mainly resistant to change and even can grow over time (37, 80, 81).”
From Social information creates self-fulfilling prophecies in judgments of pain, vicarious pain, and cognitive effort (2026) · cites this paper as [80]
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Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire
Devilly, G. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2000) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4 · Cited by 2,295 · see citing works
“Although credibility has been found less often to be predictive of outcome, it has also been empirically associated with both simulated change (Nau, Caputo & Borkovec, 1974) and actual therapeutic improvement (Kirsch & Henry, 1977).”
BackgroundThe neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health
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Response expectancy theory and application: A decennial review
Kirsch, I. (1997) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80012-5 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Phobia
Chambless, D. L., Tran, G. Q., & Glass, C. R. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00008-x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Common factors aren’t so common: the common factors dilemma
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A Theoretical Model of Common Process Factors in Youth and Family Therapy
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“…credibility and influence to be related to degree of patients’ treatment engagement and compliance, relationship with the therapist, and number of sessions attended (e.g., Kalman, 1983; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Nelson & Borkovec, 1989; Scheel, Seaman, Roach, Mullin, & Blackwell-Mahoney, 1999).”
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Kirsch, I., Lynn, S. J., Vigorito, M., & Miller, R. R. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10251 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“The idea that exposure treatments are due to automatic conditioning processes has been tested in three studies (Gauthier, Laberge, Dufour, & Fevre, 1987; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Southworth & Kirsch, 1988).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPrice, M., Mehta, N., Tone, E. B., & Anderson, P. L. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.004 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Additionally, research that has used the PRCS as an outcome measure has shown it be sensitive to change for exposure based interventions (Altmaier, Ross, Leary, & Thornbrough, 1982; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Lawm, Schwartz, Houlihan, & Cassisi, 1994).”
MethodAllen, M. R., Hunter, J. E., & Donohue, W. A. (1989) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634528909378740 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Therapy outcome questions requiring control of credibility and treatment-generated expectancies
Kazdin, A. E. (1979) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(79)80011-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hypnotic enhancement of a cognitive behavioral treatment for public speaking anxiety
Schoenberger, N. E., Kirsch, I., Gearan, P., Montgomery, G., & Pastyrnak, S. L. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80038-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Interventions for the Fear of Public Speaking: A Meta-Analysis
Ebrahimi, O. V., Pallesen, S., Kenter, R., & Nordgreen, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00488 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The role of expectancy in fear reduction
Kirsch, I., Tennen, H. A., Wickless, C., Saccone, A. J., & Cody, S. (1983) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(83)80075-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationThe placebo effect and the cognitive-behavioral revolution
Kirsch, I. (1978) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01185787 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Note, for example, the fact that five of the six existing studies comparing systematic desensitization to a control condition shown to generate comparable subject expectancy failed to demonstrate the superiority of desensitization (Kazdin & Wilcoxon, 1976; Kirsch & Henry, 1977).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBarnicot, K., González, R. A., McCabe, R., & Priebe, S. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.04.006 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Normative data for the personal report of confidence as a speaker
Phillips, G. C., Jones, G. E., Rieger, E. J., & Snell, J. B. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00007-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Dozois, D., & Westra, H. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies
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Lax, T., Başoğlu, M., & Marks, I. M. (1992) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300017237 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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“…not differ in credibility since patients who do not find a treatment credible are more prone to premature treatment termination, non-compliance with treatment, and poor outcome (Borkovec, Newman, Pincus, & Lytle, 2002; Carter et al., 2011; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Wong, Kim, Zane, Kim, & Huang, 2003).”
BackgroundFrank, J. D. (1983) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00015958 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Strange bedfellows: Reward, punishment, and impersonal distraction strategies in treating dysphoria
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Covert conditioning: A review and evaluation
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“Treatment credibility and expectancy are crucial components of treatment acceptability and also important predictors of treatment outcome [29-32].”
Kennedy, M. G., Felner, R. D., Cauce, A., & Primavera, J. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1701_10 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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“These concepts, particularly treatment expectancy, have been found to be related to treatment outcome (Collins & Hyer, 1986; Chambless, Tran, & Glass, 1997; Kirsch & Henry, 1977) and possess the ability to differentiate between treatment rationales (Devilly & Borkovec, 2000).”
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The reasons for its effectiveness, however, remain in dispute—A tribute to Irving Kirsch
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- Authors
- Kirsch, I., & Henry, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- ORCID
- Kirsch, Irving
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1977
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1052-1059
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2026987811
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- speaking anxiety, desensitization, extinction, credibility, anxiety reduction, exposure therapy
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Attitude, Behavior Therapy, Desensitization, Psychologic, Extinction, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Speech
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