The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning

Kirsch, Irving; Lynn, Steven Jay; Vigorito, Michael; Miller, Ralph R.

doi:10.1002/jclp.10251

Cited by 192Memory and Neural MechanismsBehavioral and Psychological StudiesMemory Processes and Influences

The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning

Kirsch, Irving, Lynn, Steven Jay, Vigorito, Michael, Miller, Ralph R.·2004·Journal of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1002/jclp.10251

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

For the past 35 years, learning theorists have been providing models that depend on mental representations, even in their most simple, deterministic, and mechanistic approaches. Hence, cognitive involvement (typically thought of as expectancy) is assumed for most instances of classical and operant conditioning, with current theoretical differences concerning the level of cognition that is involved (e.g., simple association vs. rule learning), rather than its presence. Nevertheless, many psychologists not in the mainstream of learning theory continue to think of cognitive and conditioning theories as rival families of hypotheses. In this article, the data pertaining to the role of higher‐order cognition in conditioning is reviewed, and a theoretical synthesis is proposed that provides a role for both automatic and cognitively mediated processes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jclp.10251

Cites

126 of 126 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Animals can behaviorally respond at certain intervals (seconds to minutes) according to a programmed stimulus.
“Studies in training animals with classical and operant conditioning have shown that animals can behaviorally respond at certain intervals (seconds to minutes) according to the programmed stimulus (Kirsch et al., 2004; Kyd et al., 2008)”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Kirsch et al., 2004

<i>The Structure of Scientific Revolutions</i>
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538 · see citing works
Science and Human Behavior
Kilzer, E., & Skinner, B. F. (1953) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3707860 · Cited by 8,934 · see citing works
A theory of Pavlovian conditioning : Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement
Rescorla, R. A. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,268 · see citing works
Cognitive maps in rats and men
Tolman, E. C. (1948) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0061626 · Cited by 6,641 · see citing works
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
(2021) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(21)x0002-3 · Cited by 5,081 · see citing works
Science and Human Behavior.
Symonds, P. M. (1954) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0051901 · Cited by 4,902 · see citing works
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
Black, A. H., & Prokasy, W. F. (1972) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 4,449 · see citing works
Principles of Behavior
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061 · see citing works
Social learning and clinical psychology.
Rotter, J. B. (1954) · Prentice-Hall, Inc eBooks · doi:10.1037/10788-000 · Cited by 3,870 · see citing works
Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition
Wolpe, J. (1968) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf03000093 · Cited by 3,389 · see citing works
Psychology as the behaviorist views it
Watson, J. B. (1913) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0074428 · Cited by 3,230 · see citing works
Implicit memory: History and current status.
Schacter, D. L. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.501 · Cited by 2,983 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, see Manns, Clark, & Squire, 2002; Weins & Öhman, 2002, for contrary conclusions), especially regarding the hypothesis that learning requires awareness of the contingencies (Morris, Ohman, & Dolan, 1998; Schacter, 1987).”
Background
Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men
Rodhom, C., & Tolman, E. C. (1950) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1418946 · Cited by 2,455 · see citing works
Conditioned emotional reactions.
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0069608 · Cited by 2,005 · see citing works
Punishment and aversive behavior
Campbell, B. A., & Church, R. M. (1969) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 2,000 · see citing works
Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men
Irwin, F. W. (1932) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,867 · see citing works
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Sankey, H. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.t01-5-01102a.x · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Psychology as the behaviorist views it.
Watson, J. B. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.101.2.248 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala
Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30976 · Cited by 1,665 · see citing works
Pavlovian conditioning: it's not what you think it is
Rescorla, R. A. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.3.151 · Cited by 1,542 · see citing works
Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning
Kamin, L. J. (1967) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 1,459 · see citing works
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035032 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Probability of shock in the presence and absence of cs in fear conditioning.
Rescorla, R. A. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025984 · Cited by 1,067 · cited 5× · see citing works
“In his review of associative relations in instrumental learning, Rescorla (1991) made a strong case for the establishment of associations that went beyond simple binary stimulus–response or response–outcome associations.”
BackgroundInfluential
Understanding and preventing relapse.
Brownell, K. D., Marlatt, G. A., Lichtenstein, E., & Wilson, G. T. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.7.765 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Theory and problems of social psychology.
Krech, D., & Crutchfield, R. S. (1948) · McGraw-Hill eBooks · doi:10.1037/10024-000 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context.
Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.9.3.248 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications.
Lovibond, P., & Shanks, D. (2002) · Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.3 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Measuring hedonic impact in animals and infants: microstructure of affective taste reactivity patterns
Berridge, K. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00072-x · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Variations in the Sensitivity of Instrumental Responding to Reinforcer Devaluation
Adams, C. D. (1982) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/14640748208400878 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
"Unconscious anxiety": Phobic responses to masked stimuli.
Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.2.231 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
"Unconscious anxiety": Phobic responses to masked stimuli.
Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.231 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Conditioned stimulus as a determinant of the form of the Pavlovian conditioned response.
Holland, P. C. (1977) · Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.3.1.77 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
The Comparator Hypothesis: A Response Rule for The Expression of Associations
Miller, R. R., & Matzel, L. D. (1988) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60038-9 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conditioned stimulus as a determinant of the form of the Pavlovian conditioned response.
Holland, P. C. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.3.1.77 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Learning and Complex Behavior
Donahoe, J. W., & Palmer, D. C. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory
Kehoe, E. J., Klein, S. B., & Mowrer, R. R. (1991) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423162 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Behavioral momentum and the Law of Effect
Nevin, J. A., & Grace, R. C. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00002405 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Classical conditioning and the placebo effect
Montgomery, G. H., & Kirsch, I. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00016-x · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citation
Introduction and removal of reward, and maze performance in rats.
Tolman, E. C., & Honzik, C. H. (1930) · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Associations in second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning.
Rizley, R. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033333 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
A Laboratory Study of Fear: The Case Of Peter
Nes, M. C. (1924) · The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/08856559.1924.9944851 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Classical Conditioning, Drug Tolerance, and Drug Dependence
Siegel, S. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3626-6_6 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Postconditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects instrumental responding.
Colwill, R., & Rescorla, R. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.11.1.120 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
The role of conditioning and verbal expectancy in the placebo response
Voudouris, N. J., Peck, C. L., & Coleman, G. (1990) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(90)90057-k · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Anatomic-histological Description of the Birds' Singing Larynx
Pavlov, L. T. (1927) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.3109/00016482709120085 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Differential Classical Conditioning of a Defensive Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia californica
Carew, T. J., Hawkins, R., & Kandel, E. R. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6681571 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Conditioning of drug-induced physiological responses.
Eikelboom, R., & Stewart, J. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.5.507 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli.
Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.127.1.69 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
The effect of the instrumental training contingency on susceptibility to reinforcer devaluation
Dickinson, A., Nicholas, D. J., & Adams, C. D. (1983) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/14640748308400912 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The effect of two ways of devaluing the unconditioned stimulus after first- and second-order appetitive conditioning.
Holland, P. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.1.4.355 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
"Hypotheses" in rats.
Krechevsky, I. (1932) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0073500 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Studies in spatial learning. I. Orientation and the short-cut.
Tolman, E. C., Ritchie, B. F., & Kalish, D. (1946) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0053944 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Alternative reinforcement increases resistance to change: Pavlovian or operant contingencies?
Nevin, J. A., Tota, M. E., Torquato, R. D., & Shull, R. (1990) · Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1990.53-359 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Nonconscious associative learning: Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear‐relevant facial stimuli
ESTEVES, F., PARRA, C., DIMBERG, U., & ÖHMAN, A. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02446.x · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Postconditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects instrumental responding.
Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.11.1.120 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Quality of acquired responses to tastes by Rattus norvegicus depends on type of associated discomfort.
Pelchat, M. L., Grill, H. J., Rozin, P., & Jacobs, J. (1983) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.97.2.140 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Operant variability: Evidence, functions, and theory
Neuringer, A. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196324 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Alcohol seeking by rats: action or habit?
Dickinson, A., Wood, N., & Smith, J. W. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/0272499024400016 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Human contingency judgments: Rule based or associative?
Allan, L. G. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.435 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning.
Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.523 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The acquisition of taste properties by odors
Stevenson, R. J., Prescott, J., & Boakes, R. A. (1995) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0023-9690(05)80006-2 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli.
Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.69 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning
Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., & den Bergh, O. V. (1990) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939008406760 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Evaluative conditioning
Martín, I., & Levey, A. B. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90013-9 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Cognition and the symbolic processes . Edited by Walter B. Weimer and David S. Palermo. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1974. Pp. xii, 450. $19.50.
Munro, A. (1979) · Language · doi:10.2307/413337 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness
Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Crombez, G., & den Bergh, O. V. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90136-5 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The effect of the introduction of reward upon the maze performance of rats
Blodgett, H. C. (1929) · University of California Press eBooks · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Occasion setting: Associative learning and cognition in animals.
(1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10298-000 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
A conditioned response model of the placebo effect
Wickramasekera, I. E., II (1980) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/bf00999060 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Changes in Odor Sweetness Resulting from Implicit Learning of a Simultaneous Odor-Sweetness Association: An Example of Learned Synesthesia
Stevenson, R. J., Boakes, R. A., & Prescott, J. (1998) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1006/lmot.1998.0996 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Algorithm for analyzing logical statements to produce a truth function table
Wolpe, H. (1958) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/368711.368721 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The effect of two ways of devaluing the unconditioned stimulus after first- and second-order appetitive conditioning.
Holland, P. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.1.4.355 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Prediction of vicarious trial and error by means of the schematic sowbug.
Tolman, E. C. (1939) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0057054 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support
Voudouris, N. J., Peck, C. L., & Coleman, G. J. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90080-8 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Pavlovian psychopharmacology: The associative basis of tolerance.
Siegel, S., Baptista, M. A. S., Kim, J. A., McDonald, R. V., & Weise-Kelly, L. (2000) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.8.3.276 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Placebo Effect in the Rat
Herrnstein, R. J. (1962) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.138.3541.677 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The Role of Pavlovian Conditioning in the Acquisition of Food Likes and Dislikes a
Rozin, P. N., & Zellner, D. A. (1985) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27073.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Conditioning of simultaneous and serial feature-positive discriminations
Ross, R. T., & Holland, P. C. (1981) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03197835 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Instrumental responding remains sensitive to reinforcer devaluation after extensive training
Colwill, R., & Rescorla, R. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.11.4.520 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Automaticity in clinical psychology.
Kirsch, I., & Lynn, S. J. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.504 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pavlovian psychopharmacology: The associative basis of tolerance.
(2000) · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.8.3.276 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The Role of Time in Elementary Associations
Miller, R. R., & Barnet, R. C. (1993) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772577 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conditioned placebo responses.
Voudouris, N. J., Peck, C. L., & Coleman, G. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.1.47 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Conditioned placebo responses.
Voudouris, N. J., Peck, C. L., & Coleman, G. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.47 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Instrumental responding remains sensitive to reinforcer devaluation after extensive training.
Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.11.4.520 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
CS–US interval as a determinant of the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responses.
Holland, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.6.2.155 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The yearbook of substance use and abuse
Brill, L. (1985) · Human Sciences Press eBooks · Cited by 117 · see citing works
One-trial excitatory backward conditioning as assessed by conditioned suppression of licking in rats: Concurrent observations of lick suppression and defensive behaviors
Ayres, J. J. B., Haddad, C., & Albert, M. (1987) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03204964 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Associative relations in instrumental learning: The eighteenth Bartlett memorial lecture
Rescorla, R. A. (2007) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640749108401256 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Acquired affective-evaluative value: Conservative but not unchangeable
Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., den Bergh, O. V., & Crombez, G. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90047-8 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Affective habituation: Subliminal exposure to extreme stimuli decreases their extremity.
Dijksterhuis, A., & Smith, P. K. (2002) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.2.3.203 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nutrient-conditioned flavor preference and acceptance in rats: Effects of deprivation state and nonreinforcement
Drucker, D. B., Ackroff, K., & Sclafani, A. J. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90230-5 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?
Davey, G. C. L. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90124-4 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Extinction versus credibility in the desensitization of speech anxiety.
Kirsch, I., & Henry, D. B. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.45.6.1052 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Extinction versus credibility in the desensitization of speech anxiety.
Kirsch, I., & Henry, D. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.45.6.1052 · Cited by 95 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The idea that exposure treatments are due to automatic conditioning processes has been tested in three studies (Gauthier, Laberge, Dufour, & Fevre, 1987; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Southworth & Kirsch, 1988).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Conditioned enhancement of flavor evaluation reinforced by intragastric glucose: I
Myers, K. P., & Sclafani, A. J. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00595-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
One-trial simultaneous and backward fear conditioning as reflected in conditioned suppression of licking in rats
Mahoney, W. J., & Ayres, J. J. B. (1976) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03214421 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effects of trial order on contingency judgments: A comparison of associative and probabilistic contrast accounts.
López, F. J., Shanks, D. R., Almaraz, J., & Fernández‐Berrocal, P. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.24.3.672 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Influence of Conditioning on Immune Responses
Ader, R., & Cohen, N. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-043780-1.50028-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Conditioned enhancement of flavor evaluation reinforced by intragastric glucose
Myers, K. P., & Sclafani, A. J. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00596-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Conditioned acceptance and preference but not altered taste reactivity responses to bitter and sour flavors paired with intragastric glucose infusion
Myers, K. P., & Sclafani, A. J. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00890-9 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: a nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm
Field, A. P., & Davey, G. C. L. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.25.2.211 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The role of response-reinforcer associations increases throughout extended instrumental training
Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1988) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03209051 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Unawareness is more than a chance event: comment on Lovibond and Shanks (2002).
Wiens, S., & Ohman, A. (2002) · Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.27 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Learning without response under two conditions of external cues.
McNamara, H. J., Long, J. B., & Wike, E. L. (1956) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Associative effects of US preexposure: Modulation of conditioned responding by an excitatory training context.
Matzel, L. D., Brown, A. M., & Miller, R. R. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.13.1.65 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Case studies in behavior modification
Whitman, R. M. (1966) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(66)90081-6 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Single-cue delay eyeblink conditioning is unrelated to awareness
Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2001) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.1.2.192 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
What Schedule‐Induced Polydipsia Can Tell Us About Alcoholism
Falk, J. L., & Tang, M. (1988) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00246.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Analogies between occasion setting and Pavlovian conditioning.
Miller, R. R., & Oberling, P. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10298-001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of expectancy in exposure-generated fear reduction in agoraphobia
Southworth, S., & Kirsch, I. (1988) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90110-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Instrumental responding remains under the control of the consequent outcome after extended training
Colwill, R. M., & Triola, S. M. (2002) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(01)00204-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Contrasting Acquisition-Focused and Performance-Focused Models of Acquired Behavior
Miller, R. R., & Escobar, M. E. (2001) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00135 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conditioned flexion reflexes acquired during combined catalepsy and de-efferentation.
Beck, E. C., & Doty, R. W. (1957) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047207 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sexual approach conditioning: Tests of unconditioned stimulus devaluation using hormone manipulations.
Holloway, K. S., & Domjan, M. P. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.19.1.47 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pavlovian Conditioning to Social Stimuli
Cotanda, C. P., Esteves, F. G., Flykt, A., & Öhman, A. (1997) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040.2.2.106 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A comparison of some objective measures of expectancy.
Rotter, J. B., Fitzgerald, B. J., & Joyce, J. N. (1954) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059837 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Expectancy and behavioral effects of socially used drugs.
Vogel-Sprott, M. D., & Fillmore, M. T. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10332-009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Acquisition of radiation- and lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions in anesthetized rats
Rabin, B. M., & Rabin, J. S. (1984) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03199991 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Judging response-outcome relations: The role of response-outcome contingency, outcome probability, and method of information presentation
Wasserman, E. A., & Shaklee, H. (1984) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197676 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Generalized conditioned responses under curare and erythroidine.
Girden, E. (1942) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056049 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sexual approach conditioning: Tests of unconditioned stimulus devaluation using hormone manipulations.
Holloway, K. S., & Domjan, M. P. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.19.1.47 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Higher order occasion setting
Arnold, H. M., Grahame, N. J., & Miller, R. R. (1991) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03197860 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conditioned Taste Aversions and Immunopharmacologya
Ader, R. (1985) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27080.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An experimental test of a reinforcement interpretation of latent learning.
Thistlethwaite, D. L. (1951) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057417 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Is movement necessary for learning? An experimental test of the motor theory of conditioning.
Kellogg, W. N., Scott, V. B., Davis, R. C., & Wolf, I. S. (1940) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056194 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

The Biological Effects of Childhood Trauma
De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health
Wager, T. D., & Atlas, L. Y. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3976 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Placebo and Nocebo Effects
Colloca, L., & BARSKY, A. J. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1907805 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
The Placebo Effect: Dissolving the Expectancy Versus Conditioning Debate.
Stewart‐Williams, S., & Podd, J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.324 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Placebo and the New Physiology of the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Benedetti, F. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00043.2012 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
How Placebos Change the Patient's Brain
Benedetti, F., Carlino, E., & Pollo, A. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.81 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
How prior experience shapes placebo analgesia
Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.005 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
The role of learning in nocebo and placebo effects
Colloca, L., Sigaudo, M., & Benedetti, F. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.006 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses
Jensen, K. B., Kaptchuk, T. J., Kirsch, I., Raicek, J., Lindstrom, K. M., Berna, C., Gollub, R. L., Ingvar, M., & Kong, J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1202056109 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citation
How the number of learning trials affects placebo and nocebo responses
Colloca, L., Petrovic, P., Wager, T. D., Ingvar, M., & Benedetti, F. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.007 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Errorless Learning in the Rehabilitation of Memory Impairment: A Critical Review
Clare, L., & Jones, R. S. P. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9051-4 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Patients' expectations regarding medical treatment: a critical review of concepts and their assessment
Laferton, J. A. C., Kube, T., Salzmann, S., Auer, C. J., & Shedden-Mora, M. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00233 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Relieving patients' pain with expectation interventions: a meta-analysis
Peerdeman, K. J., van Laarhoven, A. I. M., Keij, S. M., Vase, L., Rovers, M. M., Peters, M. L., & Evers, A. W. M. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000540 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Learning potentiates neurophysiological and behavioral placebo analgesic responses
Colloca, L., Tinazzi, M., Recchia, S., Le Pera, D., Fiaschi, A., Benedetti, F., & Valeriani, M. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.021 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Dissociable Influences of Opiates and Expectations on Pain
Atlas, L. Y., Whittington, R. A., Lindquist, M. A., Wielgosz, J., Sonty, N., & Wager, T. D. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0383-12.2012 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Placebo psychotherapy: Synonym or oxymoron?
Kirsch, I. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20126 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citation
The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties
Chao, O. Y., de Souza Silva, M. A., Yang, Y.-M., & Huston, J. P. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Assessing learning and memory in pigs
Gieling, E. T., Nordquist, R. E., & van der Staay, F. J. (2011) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0364-3 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Neural bases of conditioned placebo analgesia
Lui, F., Colloca, L., Duzzi, D., Anchisi, D., Benedetti, F., & Porro, C. A. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.021 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“how externally reinforced stimuli are modulated to induce learned placebo analgesic responses [17].”
Background
A Neural Mechanism for Nonconscious Activation of Conditioned Placebo and Nocebo Responses
Jensen, K., Kaptchuk, T., Chen, X., Kirsch, I., Ingvar, M., Gollub, R., & Kong, J. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu275 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citation
The top‐down influence of ergogenic placebos on muscle work and fatigue
Pollo, A., Carlino, E., & Benedetti, F. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06344.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A short goal-pursuit intervention to improve physical capacity: A randomized clinical trial in chronic back pain patients
Christiansen, S., Oettingen, G., Dahme, B., & Klinger, R. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.12.015 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Operant Learning Theory in Pain and Chronic Pain Rehabilitation
Gatzounis, R., Schrooten, M. G. S., Crombez, G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2012) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-012-0247-1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Technological adjuncts to increase adherence to therapy: A review
Clough, B. A., & Casey, L. M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.006 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Utilizing placebo mechanisms for dose reduction in pharmacotherapy
Doering, B. K., & Rief, W. (2012) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2011.12.001 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
An integrative review of the influence of expectancies on pain
Peerdeman, K. J., Laarhoven, A. I. M. V., Peters, M. L., & Evers, A. W. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01270 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The Placebo Puzzle: Putting Together the Pieces.
Stewart‐Williams, S. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.2.198 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Conditioned Placebo Analgesia Persists When Subjects Know They Are Receiving a Placebo
Schafer, S. M., Colloca, L., & Wager, T. D. (2015) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.12.008 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Cognitive testing of pigs (Sus scrofa) in translational biobehavioral research
Kornum, B. R., & Knudsen, G. M. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.05.004 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Conditioning, Expectancy, and the Placebo Effect: Comment on Stewart-Williams and Podd (2004).
Kirsch, I. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.341 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citation
Placebo analgesia: Clinical applications
Klinger, R., Colloca, L., Bingel, U., & Flor, H. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.007 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Spatial Learning and Memory in HIV-1 Transgenic Rats
Vigorito, M., LaShomb, A. L., & Chang, S. L. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-007-9078-y · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
Placebo mechanisms across different conditions: from the clinical setting to physical performance
Pollo, A., Carlino, E., & Benedetti, F. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0381 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Teaching neurons to respond to placebos
Benedetti, F., Frisaldi, E., Carlino, E., Giudetti, L., Pampallona, A., Zibetti, M., Lanotte, M., & Lopiano, L. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271322 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Learning activities in technology-enhanced learning: A systematic review of meta-analyses and second-order meta-analysis in higher education
Sailer, M., Maier, R., Berger, S., Kastorff, T., & Stegmann, K. (2024) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102446 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Olfactory-induced synesthesias: A review and model.
Stevenson, R. J., & Tomiczek, C. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.294 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Pavlovian Conditioning of Immunological and Neuroendocrine Functions
Hadamitzky, M., Lückemann, L., Pacheco‐López, G., & Schedlowski, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00033.2018 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Classical conditioning without verbal suggestions elicits placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia
Bąbel, P., Bajcar, E. A., Adamczyk, W. M., Kicman, P., Lisińska, N., Swider, K. J., & Colloca, L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181856 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Development of a dynamic computational model of social cognitive theory
Riley, W. T., Martín, C. A., Rivera, D. E., Hekler, E. B., Adams, M. A., Buman, M. P., Misha Pavel, C., & King, A. C. (2015) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0356-6 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Fish Cognition and Consciousness
Allen, C. (2011) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-011-9364-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The placebo effect revisited: Lessons learned to date
Kirsch, I. (2013) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2012.12.003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Clinical Use of Placebo Effects in Patients With Pain Disorders
Klinger, R., Stuhlreyer, J., Schwartz, M., Schmitz, J., & Colloca, L. (2018) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.015 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Odour aversion after olfactory conditioning of the sting extension reflex in honeybees
Carcaud, J., Roussel, E., Giurfa, M., & Sandoz, J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.026641 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Placebo effects of a sham opioid solution: a randomized controlled study in patients with chronic low back pain
Klinger, R., Kothe, R., Schmitz, J., Kamping, S., & Flor, H. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000977 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Placebo and nocebo effects across symptoms: from pain to fatigue, dyspnea, nausea, and itch
Wolters, F., Peerdeman, K. J., & Evers, A. W. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00470 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
Mustian, K. M., Darling, T. V., Janelsins, M. C., Jean‐Pierre, P., Roscoe, J. A., & Morrow, G. R. (2008) · touchREVIEWS in Oncology & Haematology · doi:10.17925/ohr.2008.04.1.19 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Is phenomenal force sufficient for immediate perceptual justification?
Teng, L. (2016) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-016-1233-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting During Chemotherapy
Mustian, K. M., Devine, K. A., Ryan, J. L., Janelsins, M. C., Sprod, L. K., Peppone, L. J., Candelario, G. D., Mohile, S. G., & Morrow, G. R. (2011) · touchREVIEWS in Oncology & Haematology · doi:10.17925/ohr.2011.07.2.91 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Classical Conditioning as a Distinct Mechanism of Placebo Effects
Bąbel, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00449 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A new understanding of the cognitive reappraisal technique: an extension based on the schema theory
Wang, Y., & Yin, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1174585 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Behavioral Interventions in Treating Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting
Figueroa-Moseley, C., Jean‐Pierre, P., Roscoe, J. A., Ryan, J. L., Kohli, S., Palesh, O. G., Ryan, E. P., Carroll, J. K., & Morrow, G. R. (2007) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2007.0006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Brain Mechanisms of Anticipated Painful Movements and Their Modulation by Manual Therapy in Chronic Low Back Pain
Ellingsen, D., Napadow, V., Protsenko, E., Mawla, I., Kowalski, M., Swensen, D., O'Dwyer-Swensen, D., Edwards, R. R., Kettner, N. W., & Loggia, M. L. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.05.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Role of explicit verbal information in conditioned analgesia
Carlino, E., Torta, D. M. E., Piedimonte, A., Frisaldi, E., Vighetti, S., & Benedetti, F. (2014) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.579 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Preventing motor training through nocebo suggestions
Pollo, A., Carlino, E., Vase, L., & Benedetti, F. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2333-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The principle of parity: the ‘placebo effect’ and physician communication
Blease, C. (2011) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100177 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A biomimetic afferent nervous system based on the flexible artificial synapse
Wang, K., Jia, Y., & Yan, X. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107486 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Positive Projections and Health: An Initial Validation of the Implicit Psychological Capital Health Measure
Harms, P. D., Vanhove, A. J., & Luthans, F. (2016) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12077 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Positive Treatment Expectancies Reduce Clinical Pain and Perceived Limitations in Movement Ability Despite Increased Experimental Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Sham Opioid Infusion in Patients with Chronic Back Pain
Schmitz, J., Müller, M., Stork, J., Eichler, I., Zöllner, C., Flor, H., & Klinger, R. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000501385 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS): Assessing patient satisfaction and socioemotional benefits in the hospital setting
Balmuth, E. A., Luan, D., Jannat‐Khah, D., Evans, A. T., Wong, T., & Scales, D. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298665 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The role of learning in nocebo and placebo effects
Colloca, L., Sigaudo, M., & Benedetti, F. (2008) · Acute Pain · doi:10.1016/j.acpain.2008.05.028 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Considering the Role of Conditioning in Sexual Orientation
Hoffmann, H. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9915-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Situating Human Sexual Conditioning
Hoffmann, H. (2017) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-1030-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Operant conditioning as a new mechanism of placebo effects
Bąbel, P. (2020) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1544 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Social expectations in depression
Kirchner, L., Κube, T., Berg, M., Eckert, A.-L., Straube, B., Endres, D., & Rief, W. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00386-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fear-relevant illusory correlations in different fears and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature
Wiemer, J., & Pauli, P. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Placebo Phenomenon: A Narrow Focus on Psychological Models
Peiris, N., Blasini, M., Wright, T. B., & Colloca, L. (2018) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.2018.0051 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The ABC of academic procrastination: Functional analysis of a detrimental habit
Svartdal, F., & Løkke, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019261 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Effects of Manipulating Verbal Suggestions on Physical Performance
Carlino, E., Benedetti, F., & Pollo, A. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000178 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Thoughts on Experimental Psychopathology
van den Hout, M., Engelhard, I. M., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.045115 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Modulation of the Motor System by Placebo and Nocebo Effects.
Fiorio, M. (2018) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Placebo effect in children: the role of expectation and learning
Gniß, S., Kappesser, J., & Hermann, C. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001811 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The response set theory of hypnosis reconsidered: toward an integrative model
Lynn, S., Green, J. P., Zahedi, A., & Apelian, C. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2022.2117680 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Smoking in Context
Corsi, D. J., Chow, C. K., Lear, S. A., Subramanian, S. V., Teo, K. K., & Boyle, M. H. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Clinical and Ethical Implications of Placebo Effects: Enhancing Patients’ Benefits from Pain Treatment
Klinger, R., & Flor, H. (2014) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44519-8_13 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Machine Learning, Convergence Digitalization, and the Concentration of Power: Enslavement by Design Using Techno-Biological Behaviors
Abbas, R., Michael, K., Michael, M. G., Perakslis, C., & Pitt, J. V. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society · doi:10.1109/tts.2022.3179756 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gaming the gamer? – The ethics of exploiting psychological research in video games
Søraker, J. H. (2016) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-02-2015-0003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
An Analysis of the Basic Processes of Formation and Change of Placebo Expectations
Geers, A. L., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000171 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Toward a common theory for learning from reward, affect, and motivation: the SIMON framework
Madan, C. (2013) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00059 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Individual Differences Are More Than a Gene × Environment Interaction: The Role of Learning
Byrom, N., & Murphy, R. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000157 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Examining the effect of perceived availability on craving for alcohol: A quasi-experimental approach
MacKillop, J. M., & Lisman, S. A. (2007) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066350701407104 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The role of patients' response expectancies in side effect development and control.
Roscoe, J., Jean-Pierre, P., Shelke, A. R., Kaufman, M. E., Bole, C., & Morrow, G. (2006) · Current Problems in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2005.12.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Startle induces early initiation of classically conditioned postural responses
Campbell, A. D., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., & Carpenter, M. G. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01157.2011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Socially Intelligent Interfaces for Increased Energy Awareness in the Home
Jussi Karlgren, C., Fahlén, L. E., Wallberg, A., Hansson, P., Ståhl, O., Söderberg, J., & Åkesson, K.-P. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78731-0_17 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sharing clinical notes, and placebo and nocebo effects: Can documentation affect patient health?
Blease, C., Delbanco, T., Torous, J. B., Pontén, M., DesRoches, C. M., Hägglund, M., Walker, J., & Kirsch, I. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320948588 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Awareness is awareness is awareness? Decomposing different aspects of awareness and their role in operant learning of pain sensitivity
Becker, S., Kleinböhl, D., & Hölzl, R. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A metacognitive account of phenomenal force
Teng, L. (2022) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/mila.12442 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
One‐Shot Remote Integration of Macromolecular Synaptic Elements on a Chip for Ultrathin Flexible Neural Network System
Lee, J., Lee, J., Bang, H., Yoon, T. W., Ko, J. H., Zhang, G., Park, J., Jeon, I., Lee, S., & Kang, B. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202402361 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Evaluating Learning Tasks Commonly Applied in Detection Dog Training
Lit, L. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420079920.ch6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Correlates of Inserted Object-Assisted Sexual Behaviors in Men: A Model for Development of Paraphilic and Non-Paraphilic Urges
Stroebel, S. S., O’Keefe, S. L., Beard, K. W., Robinett, S. R., Kommor, M. J., & Swindell, S. (2010) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720161003795943 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Correlates of Inserted Object-Assisted Sexual Behaviors in Women: A Model for Development of Paraphilic and Non-paraphilic Urges
O’Keefe, S. L., Beard, K. W., Stroebel, S. S., Berhie, G., Bickham, P. J., & Robinett, S. R. (2009) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720160902724418 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Instructions and experiential learning have similar impacts on pain and pain-related brain responses but produce dissociations in value-based reversal learning
Atlas, L. Y., Dildine, T. C., Palacios‐Barrios, E. E., Yu, Q., Reynolds, R. C., Banker, L., Grant, S. S., & Pine, D. S. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.73353 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Impact of Nomophobia: Exploring the Interplay Between Loneliness, Smartphone Usage, Self-control, Emotion Regulation, and Spiritual Meaningfulness in an Indonesian Context
Safaria, T., Saputra, N. E., & Arini, D. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-024-00438-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Correlates of Exhibition-like Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence: A Model for Development of Exhibitionism in Heterosexual Males
Swindell, S., Stroebel, S. S., O’Keefe, S. L., Beard, K. W., Robinett, S. R., & Kommor, M. J. (2011) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.593432 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Placebo analgesia persists during sleep: An experimental study
Laverdure-Dupont, D., Rainville, P., Renancio, C., Montplaisir, J. Y., & Lavigne, G. J. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.027 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Affective biases and their interaction with other reward-related deficits in rodent models of psychiatric disorders
Lewis, L. R., Benn, A., Dwyer, D. M., & Robinson, E. S. J. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112051 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Explaining the placebo effect: Aliefs, beliefs, and conditioning
Haug, M. C. (2011) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2011.559624 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The P300 as an electrophysiological probe of alcohol expectancy.
Fishman, I., Goldman, M. S., & Donchin, E. (2008) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0012873 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A neuroinflammatory compulsivity model of anorexia nervosa (NICAN)
Brooks, S. J., Dahl, K., Dudley-Jones, R., & Schiöth, H. B. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105580 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Towards an account of the placebo effect: a critical evaluation alongside current evidence
Friesen, P. (2020) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-019-9733-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A behaviorist perspective on how to address negative consumer behaviors
Janiszewski, C. A., & Laran, J. (2023) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.1097 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Authors: Kirsch, I., Lynn, S. J., Vigorito, M., & Miller, R. R.
Affiliations: University of Connecticut (US)
Binghamton University (US)
Seton Hall University (US)
ORCID: Kirsch, Irving
Lynn, Steven Jay
Vigorito, Michael
Miller, Ralph R.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-02-12
Volume: 60
Issue: 4
Pages: 369-392
ISSN: 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
1097-4679
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10251
OpenAlex: W2121568298
Cited by: 192
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 0.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, higher-order cognition, expectancy, mental representation, rule induction, automatic processes, cognitive mediation, learning theory
MeSH terms: Cognition, Conditioning, Classical, Conditioning, Operant, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Psychological Theory, Sublimation, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks