The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sexual offender recidivism revisited: A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies
Abstract
Meta-analyses were performed on 12 studies of treatment with sexual offenders (N = 1,313). A small, but robust, overall effect size was found for treatment versus comparison conditions (r = .12). The overall recidivism rate for treated sexual offenders was .19 versus .27 for untreated sexual offenders. Treatment effect sizes across studies, however, were heterogeneous. Effect sizes were larger in studies that had higher base rates of recidivism, had follow-up periods longer than 5 years, included outpatients, and involved cognitive-behavioral or hormonal treatments. Cognitive-behavioral (p < .0005) and hormonal treatments (p < .00005) were significantly more effective than behavioral treatments but were not significantly different from each other.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Nagayama-Hall 1995 pointed out that psychological treatment was considered acceptable by two-thirds of offenders, but pharmacological treatment only by one-third).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995
In the citing paper
“These have arrived at mixed conclusions; some claiming that interventions are effective in reducing recidivism and others the reverse.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995
In the citing paper
“Castrated patients had the lowest recidivism rate (0.3) and the largest effect sizes ( r = 0.53).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995
In the citing paper
“Overall, treatment was found to be modest in its effect, reducing recidivism by 8%.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995
In the citing paper
“NagayamaHall updated the Furby et al review by conducting a metaanalysis of 12 new studies that contradicted its predecessor by finding equivalent positive effects for hormonal treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), both of which were assessed as superior to behavioural interventions (Nagayama-Hall 1995).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995
In the citing paper
“Nagayama Hall (1995) | 5 | Recidivism (mean follow-up interval=4.5 years) | No treatment | 0.35 | 64 |”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Nagayama Hall (1995)
In the citing paper
“and superior to behavioral therapy.”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Nagayama Hall (1995)
In the citing paper
“Moreover, CBT showed lower refusal and drop out rates than hormonal treatments.”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Nagayama Hall (1995)
In the citing paper
“The mean effect size of CBT compared to no treatment was 0.35”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Nagayama Hall (1995)
In the citing paper
“equal to that of hormonal therapy”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Nagayama Hall (1995)
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research.
Metcalfe, A., & Rosenthal, R. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348600 · Cited by 4,249
Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research
(1985) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1985.281_10.x · Cited by 1,884
Brodsky, S. L. (1980) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/009385488000700401 · Cited by 1,740
Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender.
Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 800
Sex offender recidivism: a review
Furby, L., Weinrott, M. R., & Blackshaw, L. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.3 · Cited by 640
Multisystemic Treatment of Adolescent Sexual Offenders
Borduin, C. M., Henggeler, S. W., Blaske, D. M., & Stein, R. J. (1990) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x9003400204 · Cited by 460
Toward a theory of sexual aggression: A quadripartite model.
Hall, G. C. N., & Hirschman, R. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.5.662 · Cited by 368
Self-citationLong-term recidivism of child molesters.
Hanson, R. K., Steffy, R. A., & Gauthier, R. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.4.646 · Cited by 314
The long-term evaluation of a behavioral treatment program for child molesters
Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1988) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90146-5 · Cited by 274
Treatment outcome with sex offenders
Marshall, W. L., Jones, R., Ward, T. J., Johnston, P. W. P., & Barbaree, H. E. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90119-f · Cited by 272
Rape: Scope, impact, interventions, and public policy responses.
Koss, M. P. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.10.1062 · Cited by 252
Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution.
Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.3.381 · Cited by 246
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment on Sex Offender Recidivism
Marques, J. K., Day, D. M., NELSON, C., & West, M. A. (1994) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854894021001004 · Cited by 246
Human sexual aggression: current perspectives.
PRENTKY, R. A., & Quinsey, V. L. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 220
Assessing Treatment Efficacy in Outcome Studies of Sex Offenders
Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Lalumière, M. L. (1993) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626093008004006 · Cited by 197
Rehabilitation of child molesters: A cost-benefit analysis.
PRENTKY, R. A., & Burgess, A. W. (1990) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079197 · Cited by 142
Predicting Child Molesters' Response to Treatment
Abel, G. G., Mittelman, M. S., BECKER, J. V., Cunningham‐Rathner, J., & Rouleau, J. L. (1988) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb50866.x · Cited by 127
Marshall, W. L., Eccles, A., & Barbaree, H. E. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90041-z · Cited by 94
Langevin, R., Paitich, D., Hucker, S., Newman, S., Ramsay, G., Pope, S., Geller, G., & Anderson, C. (1979) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(79)90002-8 · Cited by 90
Depo-provera treatment for sex-offending behavior: An evaluation of outcome
Meyer, W. J. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90592-n · Cited by 88
Treatment of sex offenders with imaginal desensitization and/or medroxyprogesterone
McConaghy, N., Blaszczynski, A., & Kidson, W. (1988) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05101.x · Cited by 87
Medroxy-Pregesterone Acetate in the Treatment of Paraphilic Sexual Disorders
Fedoroff, J. P., Wisner-Carlson, R., Berlin, F. S., & Dean, S. (1992) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1300/j076v18n03_10 · Cited by 56
Wille, R., & Beier, K. M. (1989) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/107906328900200201 · Cited by 55
Stimulus control of sexual arousal: Its role in sexual assault.
Barbaree, H. E. (1990) · Cited by 49
Sex offences against young girls: a long-term record study
Gibbens, T. C. N., Soothill, K., & Way, C. (1981) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700052168 · Cited by 35
Factors associated with treatment completion and progress among intrafamilial sexual abusers
Chaffin, M. J. (1992) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90032-m · Cited by 28
The use of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate to assist in the treatment of sexual offenders
Maletzky, B. M. (1988) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1007/bf00851608 · Cited by 25
Conceptually derived treatments for sexual aggressors.
Hall, G. C. N., Shondrick, D. D., & Hirschman, R. (1993) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037//0735-7028.24.1.62 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003 · Cited by 3,215
Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies.
Hanson, R. K., & Bussière, M. T. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.2.348 · Cited by 2,375
The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of recidivism studies
Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.6.1154 · Cited by 1,795
Violent Offenders: Appraising and Managing Risk
Heilbrun, K. (2000) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.51.3.395 · Cited by 1,205
The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: a comprehensive meta-analysis
L�sel, F., & Schmucker, M. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-004-6466-7 · Cited by 806
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall, G. C. N.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Gordon C. Nagayama
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1995-10
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 802-809
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W1981630108
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- sexual offenders, recidivism, offender treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, hormone therapy, behavior therapy, treatment effectiveness, follow-up duration
- MeSH terms
- Androgen Antagonists, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Recurrence, Sex Offenses, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
