CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 533Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingCrime Patterns and InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Sexual offender recidivism revisited: A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies

Hall, Gordon C. Nagayama·1995·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.63.5.802
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Meta-analyses were performed on 12 studies of treatment with sexual offenders (N = 1,313). A small, but robust, overall effect size was found for treatment versus comparison conditions (r = .12). The overall recidivism rate for treated sexual offenders was .19 versus .27 for untreated sexual offenders. Treatment effect sizes across studies, however, were heterogeneous. Effect sizes were larger in studies that had higher base rates of recidivism, had follow-up periods longer than 5 years, included outpatients, and involved cognitive-behavioral or hormonal treatments. Cognitive-behavioral (p < .0005) and hormonal treatments (p < .00005) were significantly more effective than behavioral treatments but were not significantly different from each other.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-006x.63.5.802

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Psychological treatment was considered acceptable by two-thirds of offenders, but pharmacological treatment only by one-third.

    “Nagayama-Hall 1995 pointed out that psychological treatment was considered acceptable by two-thirds of offenders, but pharmacological treatment only by one-third).”

    From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995

  • Prior major reviews into the treatment of sexual offending have arrived at mixed conclusions; some claim interventions are effective in reducing recidivism and others the reverse.

    “These have arrived at mixed conclusions; some claiming that interventions are effective in reducing recidivism and others the reverse.”

    From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995

  • Castrated patients had the lowest recidivism rate (0.3) and the largest effect sizes (r = 0.53).

    “Castrated patients had the lowest recidivism rate (0.3) and the largest effect sizes ( r = 0.53).”

    From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995

  • Overall, treatment was found to be modest in its effect, reducing recidivism by 8%.

    “Overall, treatment was found to be modest in its effect, reducing recidivism by 8%.”

    From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995

  • Nagayama-Hall updated the Furby et al review by conducting a meta-analysis of 12 new studies that contradicted its predecessor by finding equivalent positive effects for hormonal treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy, both of which were assessed as superior to behavioural interventions.

    “NagayamaHall updated the Furby et al review by conducting a metaanalysis of 12 new studies that contradicted its predecessor by finding equivalent positive effects for hormonal treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), both of which were assessed as superior to behavioural interventions (Nagayama-Hall 1995).”

    From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Nagayama-Hall 1995

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hall, G. C. N.
Affiliations
Kent State University (US)
Corresponding author
Hall, Gordon C. Nagayama
ORCID
Hall, Gordon C. Nagayama
Venue
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1995-10
Volume
63
Issue
5
Pages
802-809
ISSN
  • 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2117
DOI
10.1037/0022-006x.63.5.802
OpenAlex
W1981630108
Cited by
532
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
FWCI
6.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
sexual offenders, recidivism, offender treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, hormone therapy, behavior therapy, treatment effectiveness, follow-up duration
MeSH terms
Androgen Antagonists, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Recurrence, Sex Offenses, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review