The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.
Abstract
The study developed 2 measures of belongingness based on H. Kohut's (1984) self psychology theory. The Social Connectedness Scale and the Social Assurance Scale were constructed with a split-sample procedure on 626 college students. Internal reliability estimates for the 2 scales were.91 and.82, respectively. Test-retest correlations revealed good test stability over a 2-week period (rs = .96 and .84, respectively). Cross-validation for the 2 measures was achieved with confirmatory factor analysis with an incremental fit index greater than .90. Scale functions are described and results are discussed in light of current research and theory
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“SC and GB are considered as some of the most important social needs for individuals to build up and maintain relationships (e.g., Hagerty et al. 1996; Lee and Robbins 1995).”
From Problematic online behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults: associations between cyberbullying perpetration, problematic social media use, and psychosocial factors (2019) · cites this paper as Lee and Robbins 1995
Citations
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I've Seen Enough: Measuring the Toll of Content Moderation on Mental Health
Gauthier, G. M., Ali, E., Asim, A., Cornell-Maier, S., & Zoellner, L. A. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.09813
(2002) · The School community journal/School community journal · Cited by 102
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- ORCID
- Lee, Richard M.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 1995-04
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 232-241
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2088092198
- Cited by
- 1,484
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- social belonging, social connectedness, scale development, psychometric validation, university students, self-esteem
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