Cited by 1,484Psychometric Methodologies and TestingPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.

Lee, Richard M., Robbins, Steven B.·1995·Journal of Counseling Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232

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Abstract

The study developed 2 measures of belongingness based on H. Kohut's (1984) self psychology theory. The Social Connectedness Scale and the Social Assurance Scale were constructed with a split-sample procedure on 626 college students. Internal reliability estimates for the 2 scales were.91 and.82, respectively. Test-retest correlations revealed good test stability over a 2-week period (rs = .96 and .84, respectively). Cross-validation for the 2 measures was achieved with confirmatory factor analysis with an incremental fit index greater than .90. Scale functions are described and results are discussed in light of current research and theory

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Authors: Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID: Lee, Richard M.
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1995-04
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 232-241
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
OpenAlex: W2088092198
Cited by: 1,484
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 152 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 2.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: social belonging, social connectedness, scale development, psychometric validation, university students, self-esteem

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Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.

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