Cited by 1,484Psychometric Methodologies and TestingPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.

Lee, Richard M., Robbins, Steven B.·1995·Journal of Counseling Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The study developed 2 measures of belongingness based on H. Kohut's (1984) self psychology theory. The Social Connectedness Scale and the Social Assurance Scale were constructed with a split-sample procedure on 626 college students. Internal reliability estimates for the 2 scales were.91 and.82, respectively. Test-retest correlations revealed good test stability over a 2-week period (rs = .96 and .84, respectively). Cross-validation for the 2 measures was achieved with confirmatory factor analysis with an incremental fit index greater than .90. Scale functions are described and results are discussed in light of current research and theory

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686
Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory
Crocker, L. M., & Algina, J. J. (1986) · Cited by 5,090
A secure base: parent-child attachment and healthy human development
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4750 · Cited by 4,885
The Restoration of the Self
Kohut, H. (2009) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226450155.001.0001 · Cited by 3,469
Attachments beyond infancy.
Ainsworth, M. S. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.4.709 · Cited by 3,231

Show all 59 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,002

Construct Validity of the Relationship Profile Test: Links With Measures of Psychopathology and Adult Attachment
Haggerty, G., Bornstein, R. F., Khalid, M., Sharma, V., Riaz, U., Blanchard, M. P., Siefert, C. J., & Sinclair, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1110824 · Cited by 6
Cyberbullying and Social Connectedness
McLoughlin, L. T., & Hermens, D. F. (2018) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2018.00054 · Cited by 6
Social Connectedness, Life Contentment, and Learning Achievement of Undergraduate University Students--Does the Use of Internet Matter?.
Sultan, S., Hussaın, İ., & Fatima, S. (2020) · Cited by 6
How language usage affects sojourners’ psychological well-being in a trilingual society: linguistic acculturation of Mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong
Wu-Ouyang, B., & Leo-Liu, J. (2022) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2022.2045299 · Cited by 6
The Brief Course Belonging Scale: Developing a Measure of Postsecondary Students' Course-Level Sense of Belonging Across Online and Face-To-Face Modalities
Toland, M. D., Lingat, J. E. M., & Dueber, D. (2022) · Journal of School and Educational Psychology · doi:10.47602/josep.v2i2.18 · Cited by 6
Association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among older cancer survivors during the 2020–2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic
Poghosyan, H., Margaryan, Y., Jeon, S., Edelman, E. J., & Yu, J. B. (2022) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2022.10.005 · Cited by 6
Acculturation and Enculturation: The Intersection of Representational Ethics, Measurement, and Conceptualization
Lorenzo‐Blanco, E. I., Stein, G. L., Lee, R. M., & Ferguson, G. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23163-6_5 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Dependency, Detachment, and Health-Related Behavior in Adult Primary Care Patients
Bornstein, R. F., Porcerelli, J. H., & Jones, J. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-023-09943-7 · Cited by 6
Can Events Impact on Social Connectedness and Loneliness? An Analysis of Face-To-Face and Virtual Events Attended in South Australia
Kitchen, E., Lee, I. S., & Jones, J. J. (2023) · Event Management · doi:10.3727/152599523x16896548396734 · Cited by 6
The Well-Being of Elite Volleyball Athletes: A Scoping Review of Methods Using Wellness Questionnaires
Rebelo, A., Pereira, J. R., Martinho, D. V., & Valente‐dos‐Santos, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2022-0056 · Cited by 6
Work immersion and perceived stress among clinical nurses: a latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis
Liao, Y., Wei, W., Fang, S., Wu, L., Gao, J., Wu, X., Huang, L., Li, C., & Li, Y. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01467-7 · Cited by 7
Can Personal Identity Protect against Problematic Gaming? A Study on the Relationships between Identity Motives, User–Avatar Bond, and Problematic Gaming in a Sample of MMORPG Players
Mancini, T., Imperato, C., Sibilla, F., & Musetti, A. (2023) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2023.2291644 · Cited by 7
Randomised controlled trial of a psychotherapeutic intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm: FReSH START study protocol
Farley, K., Copsey, B. J., Wright-Hughes, A. M., Farrin, A. J., Bojke, C., McMillan, D., Graham, C. D., Mattock, R., Brennan, C. A., Gates, C., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08369-2 · Cited by 6
The individual vs. the group? Individualization and collectivity among students in collaborative design
Hellström, T. (2006) · International Journal of Technology and Design Education · doi:10.1007/s10798-006-9004-2 · Cited by 6
The Relationship among Achievement Goal Orientation, Sense of Belonging, and School Life Satisfaction
Shin, J., 김명섭, 정은경, 연은모, & 이유경 (2011) · Asian Journal of Education · doi:10.15753/aje.2011.12.4.012 · Cited by 6
Improving Connectedness between Drivers by Digital Augmentation
Wang, C., Terken, J. M. B., Hu, J., & Matthias Rauterberg, A. (2016) · International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI) · doi:10.1145/3004323.3004339 · Cited by 6
Can’t Dance Without Being Drunk? Exploring the Enjoyment and Acceptability of Conscious Clubbing in Young People
Davies, E., Smith, J., Johansson, M., Hill, K. M., & Brown, K. G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28607-1_12 · Cited by 6
Be close or stay away: the interactive effect of loneliness and information frameworks on consumer's anthropomorphic product preference
Li, S., Hong-xia, Z., Wang, X., & Fu, G. (2020) · Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science · doi:10.1108/jcmars-12-2019-0047 · Cited by 6
Connectivity as a Mediating Mechanism in the Cybervictimization Process
Gordillo, I. C., & Antelo, I. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124567 · Cited by 6
Predicting Active and Effective Agents for Safety
Porter, B. E. (1998) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-4375(98)00049-8 · Cited by 6
Rhizomatic cartographies of belonging and identity within early years education
Gabi, J. (2026) · e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) · doi:10.83056/mmu.32435484 · Cited by 6
Sadistic Personality Disorder
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_223767 · Cited by 6
Perceived effects of residential design on mental well-being: A quasi-experimental study of the University of Michigan's Munger graduate residences
Myers, H. E. W., & Rollings, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102408 · Cited by 6
Mental Health Benefits of Listening to Music During COVID-19 Quarantine: Cross-Sectional Study
Xian, X., Zhang, X., Zheng, D., & Wang, Y. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/46497 · Cited by 7
Examining the Impact of Social Connectedness on Depression and Suicide Ideation Among Black Youth Experiencing Discrimination: A Path Analysis
Smith, B. L., Boyd, D. T., & Quinn, C. R. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02414-9 · Cited by 6
Consumers' Preference for Human‐Generated Versus AI ‐Generated Artwork: A Social Identification Account
Feng, W., & Song, X. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70063 · Cited by 7
How Does Cognitive Reappraisal Longitudinally Contribute to Psychological Resilience Among Adolescents: Evidence Based on the Affect-Regulation Framework
Hu, J., Wu, X., & Yu, T. (2025) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941251397333 · Cited by 7
From Code to Care: How Artificial Empathy Enhances Customer Experience in Human-Robot Interaction
Weng, Z., Huang, Y., & Weng, S. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.115969 · Cited by 7
From bodily to digital co-presence: Unpacking the Interaction Ritual Chains of hashtag-driven group formation
Duan, J., Qi, S., Yan, H., & Wu, C. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.108907 · Cited by 6
Belongingness and loneliness in higher education: a meta-analysis of pre- and post-pandemic trends
Dost, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1625957 · Cited by 9
The Challenges of Defining and Measuring Social Inclusion
Cordier, R., & Martin, R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89594-5_18 · Cited by 5
Dijital Bağımlılıklar, Sosyal Bağlılık ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti ile Akademik Yılmazlık Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
ÖZCAN, N., Açar, E., & Köse, M. F. (2023) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.1118298 · Cited by 5
Belonging in the Online World: Older Adults’ Use of Internet for Community.
Fuss, B. G., Dorstyn, D., & Ward, L. (2021) · Journal of Social Inclusion · doi:10.36251/josi218 · Cited by 5
Examining Cultural Differences in How Loneliness is Associated with Psychological Ill-Being Through Social Problem Solving: Does How You Perceive Problems Matter More Than How You Tackle Them?
Chang, E. C., & Yang, H. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10438-w · Cited by 6
Men’s Social Connectedness in Later Life: A Qualitative Study with Older Men
Pereira, H., Silva, P., Torre, R. D., dos Santos, M. R., Moutinho, A., Solinho, S., Proença, C., Cabral, J. M., & Santos, A. J. (2024) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics9020053 · Cited by 7
Social Connectedness Protects Against the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on First-Year Undergraduate Mental Health
Weisblum, M., Zhu, C., Ajila, T., & Wang, S.-W. (2024) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968241276231 · Cited by 6
Conform to local: how local vs global brand positioning increases consumer conformity
Wu, Y. F., Wu, J., & Cai, Y. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-01-2024-4936 · Cited by 5
Mental health effects of online gaming: a mediation–moderation model of connectedness and screen time
Amin, A., Mazhar, B., & Amin, S. (2025) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-01-2025-0010 · Cited by 5
“I’m Going to Live My Life Freely”: Authenticity as an Indicator of Belonging Among Urban Latinx LGBTQ+ Youth
González, M., Reese, B. M., & Connaughton‐Espino, T. (2022) · Journal of Human Sciences and Extension · doi:10.54718/cnng5756 · Cited by 5
Validation of the Social Connectedness Scale in Argentinean adult sample
Morán, V. E., Curi, M. V., Fabbro, N., & Alessandrini, L. (2022) · Psychologica · doi:10.14195/1647-8606_65_3 · Cited by 5
ANTRENÖR-SPORCU İLİŞKİSİ DUYGUSAL KÖTÜ MUAMELE ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN (ASİDKMÖ) TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI
Çetin, E. (2022) · Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33689/spormetre.1133456 · Cited by 5
Empowering Driver-Passenger Collaboration: Designing In-Car Systems with a Focus on Social Connectedness, Fairness, and Team Performance
Berger, M., Dey, D., Dandekar, A., Barati, B., Pfleging, B., & Bernhaupt, R. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2205769 · Cited by 5
Online Peer-Led Support Program for Affected Family Members of People Living with Addiction: a Mixed Methods Study
Peart, A., Horn, F., Grigg, J., Manning, V., Campbell, R., & Lubman, D. I. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01082-2 · Cited by 5
Promoting peer connection in online courses: exploring the effect of media richness on presence and social connection
Denes, A., McGloin, R., Hamlin, E., Speer, A. C., Coletti, A., & Guest, C. (2023) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2023.2224347 · Cited by 5
Connecting Today: Feasibility and acceptability of a remote visiting program for people living with dementia in long-term care homes
O’Rourke, H. M., Swindle, J., Chacinski, D., Pizzol, F. L. F. D., Lee, H., Hoben, M., Hopper, T. L., McGilton, K. S., & Boscart, V. (2023) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012231176858 · Cited by 5
Web-Based Presence for Social Connectedness in Long-Term Care: Protocol for a Qualitative Multimethods Study
Garnett, A., Yurkiv, H., Booth, R. G., Connelly, D. M., & Donelle, L. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/50137 · Cited by 5
Diaspora: Exploring the Use of Affordances and Mobile Mediation among Migrants’ Social Connectedness
Sharmila, C., & Hameed, M. S. (2023) · MIGRATION LETTERS · doi:10.47059/ml.v20i5.3039 · Cited by 5
The combined impact of social networks and connectedness on anxiety, stress, and depression during COVID-19 quarantine: a retrospective observational study
Luo, H., Luo, D., Tang, Q., Niu, Z., Xu, J., & Li, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1298693 · Cited by 5
Autistic traits in adolescents in psychiatric inpatient care: Clinical and demographic characteristics and correlates
Schwartzman, J. M., & Bettis, A. H. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102339 · Cited by 5
Communicate or not: Exploring the different effects of instrumental and expressive networks on thriving at work
Zhu, M., Su, R., Liu, L., & Contractor, N. (2024) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2024.5 · Cited by 5
Modelling retirement resources, home environment and quality of marriage for greater well-being
Pang, M., Lai, M.-M., Chong, L., Lee, Y. L.-E., & Lau, S.-H. (2024) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-024-10366-1 · Cited by 7
Towards a Psychoanalytic Concept of Community (I): Consideration of Current Concepts
Koh, E., & Twemlow, S. W. (2014) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.1424 · Cited by 5
Cross-Cultural Differences in Coping, Connectedness and Psychological Distress among University Students
Pidgeon, A. M., Bales, T. S., Lo, B. C. Y., Stapleton, P., & Magyar, H. B. (2015) · International Journal for Innovation Education and Research · doi:10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss2.318 · Cited by 6
Music is Social: From Online Social Features to Online Social Connectedness
Krastel, Z., Bassellier, G., & Ramaprasad, J. (2015) · International Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 5
Development of the Connectedness to Treatment Setting Scale for Children with Cancer and Their Parents
Crespo, C., Moura‐Ramos, M., Santos, S., Salvador, Á., Hanke, K., & Almeida, S. S. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0328-y · Cited by 5
Urdu Translation of Friendship Scale: Evidence for the Validity and Measurement Invariance Across Gender
Khan, A., & Adil, A. (2020) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2020.9 · Cited by 5
Evolution of Belongingness: Its Past, Present, and Future
Gireesan, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8263-6_5 · Cited by 5
Impact of Social Context on the Self-Concept of Gay and Lesbian Youth: A Systematic Review
Hossain, F., & Ferreira, N. (2020) · GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES · doi:10.52095/gpa.2020.1343 · Cited by 5
The Role of Connectedness and Religious Factors on Bullying Participation among Preadolescents in Puerto Rico
Mercado, M. C. (2013) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 5
The analysis of online social networking: how technology is changing e-commerce purchasing decision
Chou, A. Y. (2010) · International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management · doi:10.1504/ijiscm.2010.036917 · Cited by 5
Breaking habits with mindful snacking? An email-based intervention targeting unwanted snacking habits in an Australian sample
Dibb-Smith, A., Chapman, J., & Brindal, E. (2018) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.11.006 · Cited by 5
Coping Resources for Distress and Well-Being of Filipino Catholic Migrants in Taiwan: An Incremental Validity Analysis
Edara, I. R. (2019) · Athens Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.30958/ajss.7-1-4 · Cited by 5
Measuring outcomes in self-harm trials: what is important and what is achievable?
House, A. O. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.5 · Cited by 5
Belongingness and maladaptive schemas: A wellbeing group intervention program for high-school teachers
Lupaș, R. V., & Rusu, A. S. (2020) · Educatia 21 · doi:10.24193/ed21.2020.19.03 · Cited by 5
The associations between the maladaptive personality dimensions of neediness and self-criticism, defense styles, selfobject needs, and attachment styles in an Iranian sample.
Tondar, S., Campos, R. C., Shakiba, S., Dadkhah, A., & Blatt, S. J. (2016) · Psychoanalytic Psychology · doi:10.1037/pap0000097 · Cited by 5
Assessing the Qualities of Social Relationships in Clinical and Nonclinical Individuals
Downie, M. S., & Robbins, S. B. (1998) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000098263009 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Help-seeking Attitudes and Behaviors of African International Students: Examining the Relationship between Social Connectedness, Acculturative Stress, and Length of Stay
Chebbet, D. (2012) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) · Cited by 5
Relationship between social media use, self-esteem and satisfaction with life
Güven, A. (2019) · Cited by 5
Extending our Understanding of Social Belonging: College Students' Use of Technology, Psychosocial Well-Being, and Sense of Community in University Life
Henry PhD, S. K. (2010) · Digital USD (University of San Diego) · doi:10.22371/05.2010.013 · Cited by 4
The Relationship Between Social Connectedness and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Couples: An Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model Analysis
Li, R.-R., Chen, Y.-B., Li, X.-N., He, M.-F., Li, W., Chen, Z., Liu, C.-R., Liu, Y.-X., Guo, R.-R., Zhang, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00904-5 · Cited by 5
Adaptive mechanisms of developing social connectedness in virtual reality environments
Derda, I., Wouter, M., & Smit, T. (2025) · Design for Health · doi:10.1080/24735132.2025.2506255 · Cited by 5
The relationship between perceived social (dis)connectedness and fear of missing out (FoMO): a meta-analysis
Wang, H., & Xia, X. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08215-x · Cited by 4
Exploring the fosterage of individuals’ resonances with nature through a 5-week-long ritual: findings, limits and outlook of a feasibility study for sustainability transformations
Müller, S., Surrey, C., Kanske, P., Roscher, J., Höfler, M., & Artmann, M. (2025) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-025-01399-z · Cited by 5
Social support as a shield: Preventing burnout in elite athletes through strong networks
Saeed, I., Xigen, W., Khan, I., Dukhaykh, S., & Ahmad, A. (2025) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2025.2575417 · Cited by 4
Real-Time Coping: The Role of Social Media Self-Disclosure in Managing Travel Anxiety
Wang, S. (2026) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp7020033 · Cited by 6
To fear or to rejoice: Social media mindsets and their relationships to social media engagement, perceived connectedness, fear of missing out and joy of missing out
Wang, H., Zheng, B., Zhang, X., Wang, D., Chen, Z., Xu, Z., & Fu, R. (2026) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2026.102378 · Cited by 4
A Model for Managing the Performance of CMMS Deployment in High‐Rise Office Buildings: A View from Lagos, Nigeria
Musa, S., Musa, Z. N., & Chua, S. J. L. (2021) · Advances in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1155/2021/3720231 · Cited by 4
Incremental Predictive Validity of the Dualistic Model of Passion for Cannabis Use Among College Undergraduate Students With and Without a Cannabis Use Disorder
Davis, A. K., Arterberry, B. J., Xin, Y., Hubbard, S. M., Schwarting, C. M., & Bonar, E. E. (2023) · Cannabis · doi:10.26828/cannabis/2023/000180 · Cited by 4
Assessing a Culture of Belonging in a Higher Education Context: Development and Initial Validation of the Culture of Belonging Barometer
Dietz, S., Prilleltensky, I., McMahon, A., Zopluoglu, C., & Lipsky, M. G. (2023) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2023.2221210 · Cited by 4
Does dispositional awe promote customer citizenship behaviours? The multiple mediating effects of construal level and social connectedness
Zhang, Z., & Li, X. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03298-6 · Cited by 6
Participatory presence – social connectedness through collaborative art practices
Gingrich, O., Havsteen-Franklin, D., Grant, C., Renaud, A., & Hignell-Tully, D. (2024) · International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media · doi:10.1080/14794713.2024.2340418 · Cited by 10
Associations Between Belonging and Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms Among Middle School-Age Youth
Fite, P. J., Hesse, D. R., & Hichborn, E. G. (2024) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-024-09702-5 · Cited by 4
Influence of mortality threats on anthropomorphized brand attitude: role of control and connectedness motives
Xiang, L., & Park, H. J. (2024) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-05-2023-4528 · Cited by 4
An evaluation of lived experience email peer support for young people with eating disorders
Duffy, F., Peebles, I., Taylor, S. J., Brassill, S., Hughes, B., & Sharpe, H. (2025) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2025.2459974 · Cited by 4
Peer Recommendation Interventions for Health-related Social Support: a Feasibility Assessment
Levonian, Z., Zent, M., Nguyen, N., McNamara, M., Terveen, L., & Yarosh, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3711044 · Cited by 6
A Brief, Mobile Intervention to Decrease Depression and Loneliness and Improve Relationship Quality During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Kanter, J. W., Nash, M. G., Kuczynski, A. M., & Rosen, D. C. (2021) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2021.40.5.447 · Cited by 5
Can you see me now? Video gatherings and social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Marler, W., Hargittai, E., & Nguyen, M. H. (2021) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2021.2007193 · Cited by 4
The effect of the two‐chair dialogue intervention on self‐compassion ‐ adding an emotional evocative component to a basic Rogerian condition
Stiegler, J. R., Vildalen, V. U., Heggem, T., Ismaili, S. B., & Schanche, E. (2022) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12534 · Cited by 4
Datos normativos en población de adultos argentinos para la Escala de Conexión Social
Morán, V. E., Villarrubia, M. D., & Curi, M. V. (2022) · Revista de Investigación en Psicología · doi:10.15381/rinvp.v25i2.23461 · Cited by 4
Live Action Role-playing: Transcending the Magic Circle through Play in Dagorhir
LeClaire, M. M. (2020) · International Journal of Role-Playing · doi:10.33063/ijrp.vi10.276 · Cited by 4
Development and Piloting of a Mental Health Prevention and Referral Program for Veterans and Their Families in Ukraine
Nguyen, A. J., Russell, T., Skavenski, S. V. W., Bogdanov, S., Lomakina, K., Іванюк, І. В., Aldridge, L. R., Bolton, P. A., Murray, L. K., & Bass, J. (2023) · Global Health Science and Practice · doi:10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00488 · Cited by 11
What’s the impact of voice-hearing experiences on the social relating of young people: A comparison between help-seeking young people who did and did not hear voices
Rammou, A., Berry, C., Fowler, D. G., & Hayward, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290641 · Cited by 6
Islamic trauma healing (ITH): A scalable, community-based program for trauma: Cluster randomized control trial design and method
Zoellner, L. A., Feeny, N. C., Angula, D. A., Aideed, M. H., Liban, E. N., Egeh, M. H., Awke, A. I., Ismail, A. S., Kunle, M. A., Ali, E., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101237 · Cited by 8
Unethical prosocial behaviour and self‐dehumanization: The roles of social connectedness and perceived morality
Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12776 · Cited by 5
Adolescents social capital and academic performance: A comprehensive study on the mediating effect of social belongingness and connectedness
Venkatesan, K., & Prabakar, S. (2024) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2024.2418479 · Cited by 4
The multidimensionality of moral identity – toward a broad characterization of the moral self
Tissot, T. T., Hiel, A. V., Bostyn, D. H., Haerens, L. L., Willem, A., & Constandt, B. (2025) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2025.2449989 · Cited by 6
Adult Mental Health, Major Conditions and Social Prescribing: A Rapid Review
Edwards-Smith, A., Ajiboye, A., Pywell, S., Kenyon, A., Routh, F. M., & Williams, J. G. (2025) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/hsc/2917260 · Cited by 4
Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
Copsey, B. J., Wright-Hughes, A. M., Farrin, A. J., Gates, C., Farley, K., Brennan, C. A., McMillan, D., Graham, C. D., Bojke, C., Mattock, R., et al. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01644-2 · Cited by 4
Integrating Community Ambivalence into Resident Sentiment Research
Yang, T., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2025) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875251366433 · Cited by 4
The relationship between multiracial identity variance, social connectedness, facilitative support, and adjustment in multiracial college students
Lyda, J. (2008) · Cited by 4

Authors: Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID: Lee, Richard M.
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1995-04
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 232-241
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
OpenAlex: W2088092198
Cited by: 1,484
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 152 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 2.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: social belonging, social connectedness, scale development, psychometric validation, university students, self-esteem

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks