Mediational and deviance theories of late high school failure: Process roles of structural strains, academic competence, and general versus specific problem behavior.
Abstract
Understanding and preventing high school failure is a national priority. Structural strain and general deviance theories attempt to explain late high school failure. The authors tested the hypotheses that general (vs. specific) deviance and academic competence mediate the relationships between structural strain factors (gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status [SES]) and 12th-grade high school failure. Independent variables of structural strain and mediational variables of drug use, sexual involvement, school trouble, delinquency, and academic performance were assessed in a sample of 754 8th graders and used to predict 12th-grade high school dropout and number of missed months of school (reflecting a latent construct of High School Failure) in the 12th grade. High school failure was directly predicted by earlier General Deviance, poor Academic Competence, low Family SES, and tobacco use. All ethnic and gender differences in high school failure were mediated by deviance and academic ability or accounted for by Family SES discrepancies.
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Stereotypes associating Black youth and adults with criminality are well-documented.
“Other researchers have focused more broadly on understanding the basic social psychological effects of the well-documented stereotype associating Black youth and adults with criminality”
From A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. (2022) · cites this paper as Newcomb et al., 2002
Cites
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Skiba, R. J., Chung, C.-G., Trachok, M., Baker, T. L., Sheya, A., & Hughes, R. L. (2014) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831214541670 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of the Relationship between High School Dropout and Substance Use
Townsend, L., Flisher, A. J., & King, G. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0023-7 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
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Adolescent educational success and mental health vary across school engagement profiles.
Wang, M.-T., & Peck, S. C. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030028 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Porche, M. V., Fortuna, L. R., Lin, J., & Alegria, M. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01534.x · Cited by 242 · see citing works
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Self-citationMeier, M. H., Hill, M. L., Small, P. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.010 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems.
Najdowski, C. J., & Stevenson, M. C. (2022) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000510 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Other research has focused more broadly on understanding the basic social psychological effects of the well-documented stereotype associating Black youth and adults with criminality (Eberhardt et al., 2004; Newcomb et al., 2002; Todd et al., 2016; Wentzel, 2002).”
Background
- Authors
- Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Battin-Pearson, S., & Hill, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172-186
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W1966841713
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 36.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
- Keywords
- school dropout, academic competence, socioeconomic status, gender differences, ethnic differences, tobacco use, school attendance, delinquency, academic performance, eighth grade students
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