Cited by 467Writing and Handwriting EducationInnovative Teaching and Learning MethodsEFL/ESL Teaching and Learning

Acquiring writing revision skill: Shifting from process to outcome self-regulatory goals.

Zimmerman, Barry J., Kitsantas, Anastasia·1999·Journal of Educational Psychology

Abstract

Eighty-four high school girls practiced combining a series of kernel sentences into a single nonredundant sentence. The outcome goal focused on minimizing the number of words in the combined sentence, whereas process goal emphasized a 3-step method for combining kernel sentences. It was found that girls who shifted goals sequentially from process to outcome goals surpassed classmates who adhered to only process goals who, in turn, exceeded classmates using only outcome goals in posttest writing revision skill, self-reactions, self-efficacy perceptions, and intrinsic interest in this skill. Attributions of deficient performance to strategy choice was positively correlated with self-reactions, self-efficacy beliefs, and intrinsic interest whereas attributions to ability or effort were negatively correlated with these measures. Self-recording enhanced writing skill, self-efficacy, and self-reaction beliefs significantly.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.241

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32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A.
Venue
Journal of Educational Psychology
Published
1999-06
Volume
91
Issue
2
Pages
241-250
ISSN
  • 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2176
OpenAlex
W2161206901
Cited by
467
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
FWCI
64.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Keywords
writing revision, student self-regulation, process goals, outcome goals, self-efficacy, self-reaction, intrinsic interest, attribution theory, self-recording, high school girls, sentence combining

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