The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.
Abstract
It was hypothesized that some of the characteristics frequently observed among the aged--such as feelings of depression and helphlessness, as well as accelerated physical decline--are at least in part attributable to loss of control. A field experiment in which institutionalized aged were randomly assigned to one of four conditions was carried out to assess the effects of increased control and predictability upon the physical and psychological well-being of the aged. Individuals in three of the four conditions were visited by college undergraduates under varying contingencies, while persons in the fourth condition were not visited and served as a baseline comparison group. Subjects in the control condition could determine both the frequency and duration of visits they recieved. A second group of subjects (predict) was informed when they would be visited and how long the visitor would stay, but had no control over these details. A third group (random) was visited on a random schedule. It was found that predictable and controllable positive events have a powerful positive impact upon the well-being of the institutionalized aged.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Thirteen out of 15 (87%) interventions categorised as having a theoretical basis reported beneficial effects on at least one outcome domain [13,53-55,59,65,67-69,73-75,81] compared with 10/17 (59%) studies categorised as having no theoretical basis [52,56,60,63,66,70,71,76,78,79].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“This compares with five out of 11 (45%) one-to-one interventions [59,71,78,79,81].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“No significant differences were observed between the two intervention groups, or between the two control groups.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“The intervention groups also reported improved hope and happiness, and reported a smaller increase in the quantity of medication taken per day in comparison with control participants.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Two of the three studies at high risk of bias [59,78,80] reported significant improvements in the extracted outcomes.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“At two months, in comparison with the control groups (receiving random visits and no visits), intervention participants (controlling frequency/duration of visits, and advance notice of visits) reported more activity, a greater amount of time spent in active pursuits and planned more activities for the coming week.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“All interventions delivered by counsellors [53,54,73] and by students [59,66,71,78] reported at least one beneficial effect”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Three out of five (60%) home visiting interventions led to beneficial effects [59,71,78]”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [59]
Citations
Cites
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1963) · Scott, Foresman eBooks · doi:10.1037/14156-005 · Cited by 4,835
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress.
Averill, J. R. (1973) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0034845 · Cited by 1,570
Hospitalism; an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood.
Spitz, R. A. (1945) · PubMed · Cited by 1,563
Unpredictable and Uncontrollable Aversive Events
Seligman, M. E. P., Maier, S. F., & Solomon, R. L. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137950-6.50011-0 · Cited by 457
Depression and learned helplessness.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1974) · Cited by 431
Smiling, cooing, and "the game."
Watson, J. S. (1972) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · Cited by 408
Animals Respond for Food in the Presence of Free Food
Neuringer, A. J. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.166.3903.399 · Cited by 296
Roth, S., & Kubal, L. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.4.680 · Cited by 249
The heterosexual affectional system in monkeys.
Harlow, H. F. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043587 · Cited by 208
Rats' Preference for Earned in Comparison with Free Food
Carder, B., & Berkowitz, K. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.167.3922.1273 · Cited by 179
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 522
Koç, E. (2016) · Gastronomy and Tourism · doi:10.3727/216929716x14720551277844 · Cited by 11
Strom, R. D., Strom, S., & Collinsworth, P. (1990) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346489000900408 · Cited by 11
SELF-CARE IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Brubaker, B. H. (1996) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19960701-09 · Cited by 11
THE BEHAVIORAL COSTS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY*
Catalano, R. A., & Dooley, D. (1981) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1981.tb01005.x · Cited by 11
Locus of control, trust, situational control and morale of the elderly
Chang, B. L. (1979) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/0020-7489(79)90050-6 · Cited by 11
Kahana, E. F., Kahana, B., & Riley, K. (1988) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)60979-6 · Cited by 10
Oppikofer, S., Albrecht, K., Schelling, H. R., & Wettstein, A. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1007/s003910200005 · Cited by 10
Dookie, A. L. (2013) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2013.816831 · Cited by 15
La soumission librement consentie au service de la socialisation de l'Âgé
Halimi‐Falkowicz, S., Quaderi, A., & Joule, R. (2007) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2007.01.001 · Cited by 10
ELIMINATING LEARNED HELPLESSNESS IN OLDER REHABILITATION PATIENTS
Teitelman, J. L. (1982) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/j148v01n04_02 · Cited by 10
Gender and Racial Correlates of Personal Control among Emotionally Disturbed Older Adults
Nemeroff, R. K., & Midlarsky, E. (2000) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/lawj-n95b-nqry-rcf6 · Cited by 10
PERCEPTIONS OF LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
Slimmer, L. W., Lopez, M., LeSage, J., & Ellor, J. R. (1987) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19870501-09 · Cited by 10
Distribution and desirability of life events in older adults: Population and policy implications
Murrel, S. A., Norris, F. H., & Hutchins, G. L. (1984) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/1520-6629(198410)12:4 · Cited by 101
Procedural and Methodological Parameters in Behavioral-Gerontological Research: A Review
Mosher-Ashley, P. M. (1987) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/2b3t-7rfn-aym7-c4gg · Cited by 10
Patient and Family Involvement in Discharge Planning
Kadushin, G., & Kulys, R. (1995) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v22n03_11 · Cited by 10
ABUSE and NEGLECT among the elderly
Anderson, C. L. (1981) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19810201-05 · Cited by 10
The Type A (Coronary‐Prone) Behavior Pattern, Aging, and Mortality
Sparacino, J. (1979) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1979.tb06126.x · Cited by 10
Erber, J. T. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781394259021.ch8 · Cited by 10
Perception of contingency and mental retardation
Devellis, R., & McCauley, C. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531740 · Cited by 8
Gaylord, S. A. (1989) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1300/j074v01n01_05 · Cited by 9
Client choice of therapist: Rationale and implications.
Manthei, R. J. (1988) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0085371 · Cited by 9
Factors Contributing to Learned Helplessness in the Institutionalized Aged:
Foy, S. S., & Mitchell, M. M. (1991) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/j148v09n02_01 · Cited by 9
Patterson, A. H. (1978) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/bf00987548 · Cited by 8
Perception de contrôle, désir de contrôle et santé psychologique.
Garant, V., & Alain, M. (1995) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/0008-400x.27.3.251 · Cited by 11
The Message Is the Method: Celebrating and Exporting the Experimental Approach
Wilson, T. D. (2005) · Cited by 8
Learned helplessness: from concept to comprehension.
Murphy, S. A. (2009) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.1982.tb00147.x · Cited by 12
OVERCOMING LEARNED HELPLESSNESS IN ELDERLY CLIENTS: SKILLS TRAINING FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS
Priddy, J. M., Teitelman, J. L., Kivlighan, D. M., & Fuhrmann, B. S. (1982) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/0360127820080509 · Cited by 8
Rehabilitation of the elderly: 1--Settings and services.
Gloag, D. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6466.455 · Cited by 8
Counseling with Older Persons: A Review of Outcome Research
Weilman, F. E., & McCormack, J. K. (1984) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000084122010 · Cited by 8
Motivational versus Volitional Mediation of Passivity in Institutionalized Older People
Mateos, P. M., Meilán, J. J. G., & Martínez, J. M. A. (2002) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600005837 · Cited by 7
Noise exposure assessment and prevention around high-speed rail
Tsai, K.-T., Lin, M., & Lin, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-018-2047-6 · Cited by 7
Soofi, H. (2022) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-022-10195-7 · Cited by 11
The effects of organizational context on autonomy-enhancing policies in assisted living
Sikorska-Simmons, E. (2006) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2005.09.002 · Cited by 7
Residential Choice and the Well-Being of Aged and Disabled Public Housing Residents
Noelker, L. S., & Harel, Z. (1982) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v04n02_03 · Cited by 7
Représentation de soi chez des sujets âgés chuteurs et non chuteurs
Fromage, B. (2005) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(05)82419-4 · Cited by 7
Herriott, M., & Kiyak, H. A. (1981) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v03n03_03 · Cited by 7
Arbuckle, T. Y., Pushkar, D., Chaikelson, J., & Andrés, D. P. (1999) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980800009880 · Cited by 7
Locus of control and the effects of success and failure in young and community-residing aged women1
Krantz, D. S. (1978) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1978.tb01016.x · Cited by 7
Inhibiting helplessness in elderly people.
Fuller, S. (1978) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19780701-06 · Cited by 9
Perceived control, loneliness, early-life stress, and parents’ perceptions of stress
Smith, K. E., Graf, E., Faig, K. E., Dimitroff, S. J., Rockwood, F., Hernandez, M. W., & Norman, G. J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39572-x · Cited by 9
Responding to the Challenges of Late Life
Bieman-Copland, S., Ryan, E. B., & Cassano, J. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47149-3_11 · Cited by 6
When helping hurts: Negative effects of benevolent care
VONBERGEN, C. (1999) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1016/s1078-3903(99)90013-7 · Cited by 6
Contextual Influences in Mental Health Consultation
Trickett, E. J., Barone, C., & Watts, R. J. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_13 · Cited by 7
Social interventions to manage mental disorders of the elderly in long-term care
Doyle, C. (1993) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050069308258860 · Cited by 6
Fry, P. S. (1990) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/bf00115705 · Cited by 6
Effects of crowding on the elderly: A preliminary investigation
Aiello, J. R., Headly, L. A., & Thompson, D. E. (1978) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/bf00972553 · Cited by 6
The Promotion of Positive Social Interaction through Social Skills Training
Engels, M. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0638-0_8 · Cited by 6
The meaning and use of privacy: A study of young adults.
Newell, P. B. (1992) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 6
Behavioral Competence as a Predictor of Perceived Control in Nursing Home Elders
Bowsher, J. E. (1990) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612849009006523 · Cited by 6
Locus of Control and Long-term Care
Hyer, L. A., Matteson, M. A., & Siegler, I. C. (1982) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346488200100118 · Cited by 6
Regulating Psychological Threat
Rutjens, B. T., van der Pligt, J., & van Harreveld, F. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118347683.ch3 · Cited by 6
Bergen, C. W. V., Soper, B., Rosenthal, G. T., Cox, S. J., & Fullerton, R. (1999) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/107839039900500406 · Cited by 7
Caroleo, O. (2001) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 5
L’appropriation de l’espace chez les personnes âgées dépendantes résidants en EHPAD
Faure, J., & Osiurak, F. (2013) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2012.06.001 · Cited by 5
Ansiedad, depresión y percepción de control en mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH/Sida
Arrivillaga Quintero, M., López Martínez, J., & Ossa Toro, A. M. (2006) · Pensamiento Psicológico · Cited by 5
Doliński, D. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2901-6_13 · Cited by 5
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS AND DECREASED SOCIAL INTERACTION IN ELDERLY DISABLED PERSONS
Decker, S. D., & Kinzel, S. L. (1985) · Rehabilitation Nursing · doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.1985.tb00412.x · Cited by 5
Recent Clinical Research in Geriatric Dentistry1
Miller, W. A., & Karuza, J. (1988) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1988.tb00302.x · Cited by 5
Hospital Length of Stay of Frail Elderly Patients
Clarfield, A. M., Shamian, J., & MacLean, J. (1988) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb05796.x · Cited by 5
Depressivität bei Bewohnerinnen und Bewohnern von Altenwohnheimen
Krampe, H., Hautzinger, M., Ehrenreich, H., & Kröner‐Herwig, B. (2003) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026//1616-3443.32.2.117 · Cited by 5
Kunar, M. A., Ariyabandu, S., & Jami, Z. (2016) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-016-1062-2 · Cited by 5
Peterson, C., & Bossio, L. M. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0783-9_10 · Cited by 7
Adaptive Behavior Among Very Elderly Americans
Rubel, A. J., Reinsch, S., Tobis, J., & Hurrell, M. (1995) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/j148v12n04_05 · Cited by 5
Locus of Control and the Rural Experience
Lefcourt, H. M., & Martin, R. A. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3512-2_8 · Cited by 5
Erkes, J., & Bayard, S. (2023) · Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Viellissement · doi:10.1684/pnv.2023.1079 · Cited by 4
Who is a dangerous driver? Socio-demographic and personal determinants of risky traffic behavior
Peplińska, A., Wyszomirska-Góra, M., Połomski, P., & Szulc, M. (2015) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2015.53580 · Cited by 4
How group life makes personal agency possible
Greenaway, K. H. (2024) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2024.03.001 · Cited by 6
Selbstbestimmung und Pflegebedürftigkeit aus sozialpsychologischer Perspektive
Zander, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18013-3_5 · Cited by 4
Planning Residential Environments with Persons with Mental Retardation
Murray, W. (1996) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/088541229601100201 · Cited by 4
Attribution Theory: How Useful for Understanding Aged Individuals responses to Their Environments?
Hanusa, B. H. (1984) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp0502_4 · Cited by 4
Objective Control and Well-Being in Assisted Living Settings
Mossbarger, B. (2005) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v28n04_07 · Cited by 4
A volunteer project for elderly people with mental health problems
Spear, J., Kaanders, H., Moulton, J., & Herzberg, J. (1997) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.21.7.401 · Cited by 4
Schulz, R. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9260-0_4 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPsychosoziale Folgen des Schlaganfalls im höheren Lebensalter
Kruse, A. (1989) · Jahrbuch der medizinischen Psychologie · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74385-6_13 · Cited by 4
Long-term effects of two interventions with the aged: An ecological analysis
Ransen, D. L. (1981) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0193-3973(81)90027-7 · Cited by 4
Learned Helplessness as a Framework for Practice in Long‐Term Care Environments
LORIMER, E. A. (1984) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.1984.tb01461.x · Cited by 4
Determinants of perceived life satisfaction in the institutionalized elderly.
Downe-Wamboldt, B. L., & Tamlyn, D. L. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Jones, C. L. (2010) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 3
KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGI MANGSA BENCANA DI PENEMPATAN SEMULA KOMUNITI MANGSA BENCANA BANJIR
Mustaffa, C. S., & Khalid, M. S. (2021) · Asian People Journal (APJ) · doi:10.37231/apj.2021.4.2.301 · Cited by 4
The Hospitalized Elderly and Intergenerational Conflict
Hall, B. L. (1989) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346488900800302 · Cited by 3
Comparing Psychoanalytic and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives on Control
Waller, B. N. (2004) · Philosophy, psychiatry & psychology · doi:10.1353/ppp.2004.0058 · Cited by 3
Control and Causation as Factors in the Affective Value of Positive Events
Strand, E. B., Reich, J. W., & Zautra, A. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9028-7 · Cited by 3
Control percibido y bienestar subjetivo: un análisis de la literatura gerontológica
García, M. A., Hombrados, M. I., & Gramsci, A. (2002) · Revista multidisciplinar de gerontología · Cited by 3
Positive Nurse-Resident Relationships a Focused Ethnography in a Nursing Home
Costigan, R. (2013) · doi:10.23860/diss-costigan-rosemary-2013 · Cited by 3
Cognitive Therapy and Positive Psychology Combined
Hope, T. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781444393552.ch16 · Cited by 4
Determinants of person-environment congruence in institutionalized elderly men and women
Sperbeck, D. J., Whitbourne, S. K., & Nehrke, M. F. (1981) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610738108259819 · Cited by 3
Latitude of choice and well-being in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized elderly
Morganti, J. B., Nehrke, M. F., & Hulicka, I. M. (1990) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610739008253871 · Cited by 3
Group leader--are you a controller?
Tappen, R. M., & Touhy, T. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Mcferran, J., & Breen, L. (1979) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.1.311 · Cited by 3
Black and White Elderly: Morale and Perception of Control
Chang, B. L. (1980) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394598000200107 · Cited by 3
Effectance Motivation: Unpredictability and Uncontrollability in the Anthropomorphism Strategy
David, D., & Spatola, N. (2025) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01306-6 · Cited by 2
Primary Meta-Analysis in Leisure Research: Results for Neulinger's “What Am I Doing?” Instrument
Hultsman, J. T., & Black, D. R. (1989) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.1989.11969787 · Cited by 2
Sozialisation und soziales Lernen
Roupetz, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-19564-3_11 · Cited by 2
How to improve the appropriation of space and the morale of residents in nursing homes
Pascual, A., Saada, Y., Dessales, J., Guéguen, N., & Lourel, M. (2015) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2015.03.001 · Cited by 2
Chapter Six Situational Perceptions of Control in the Aged
Fitch, V. L., & Slivinske, L. R. (1988) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)60980-2 · Cited by 2
Learned helplessness and the older dental patient
Shipman, B., & Teitelman, J. L. (1985) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1985.tb00590.x · Cited by 2
Krampe, H., Hautzinger, M., Ehrenreich, H., & Kröner‐Herwig, B. (2003) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 2
Nickels, J. B., Cramer, K. M., & Nantais-Therrien, R. (2018) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2018.36.4.442 · Cited by 2
Depression im Alter – Eine Frage der Emotionsregulation
Becker-Hingst, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41449-8 · Cited by 1
Green, L. E., & Hewitt, J. (1987) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1987.60.1.217 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Schulz, R.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schulz, Richard
- ORCID
- Schulz, Richard
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1976
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 563-573
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2083832951
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 21.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- older adults, loss of control, predictability, well-being, depression, helplessness, physical decline, psychological well-being, physical well-being
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Residential Facilities, Retirement, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
