Effects of coping behavior in different warning signal conditions on stress pathology in rats.
Abstract
Rats received electric shock that was preceded by either a warning signal, a series of signals forming an external clock, or no signal at all. In all conditions, subjects which could avoid and/or escape shock developed less ulceration than, did yoked animals which received exactly the same shock (through fixed electrodes wired in series) but had no control over shock. Presence or absence of a warning signal did, however, have an effect: A discrete warning signal reduced the ulceration both of subjects having control over shock and of yoked helpless subjects. A theory is proposed to explain how psychological factors determine the development of gastric ulceration in stress situations, and the present results are examined in relation to it. In 1968 I reported that rats which could avoid or escape electric shocks lost less body weight, developed fewer stomach ulcers, and showed less fear in a stressful situation (as measured by a CER test) than did rats which received exactly the same electric shocks but could not avoid or escape them (Weiss, 1968a). A previous study which had also examined the effects of coping behavior on the development of psychosomatic pathology obtained results opposite to these. Brady, Porter, Conrad, and Mason (1958), in a study which became known as the monkey experiment (Brady, 1958), found that in four pairs of monkeys, animals which could avoid electric shocks eventually developed severe gastrointestinal pathology and died, while animals which receive…
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There is an extensive body of evidence demonstrating the importance of both predictability and control in determining the behavioural and physiological effects of aversive stimuli.
“There is an extensive body of evidence demonstrating the importance of both predictability and control in determining the behavioural and physiological effects of aversive stimuli [55,56,57].”
From Effects of Regulating Visitor Viewing Proximity and the Intensity of Visitor Behaviour on Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) Behaviour and Welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Weiss, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weiss, Jay M.
- ORCID
- Weiss, Jay M.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
- Published
- 1971
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 0021-9940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107819622
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- coping styles, warning signs, stress, gastric ulcer, psychosomatic pathology, electric shock, avoidance, escape, helplessness, yoked control, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Auditory Perception, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Animal, Body Weight, Conditioning, Psychological, Corticosterone, Disease Models, Animal, Drinking Behavior, Electroshock, Escape Reaction, Feedback, Humans, Immobilization, Locomotion, Male, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Sound, Stomach Ulcer, Stress, Physiological, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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