Cited by 6,331Attachment and Relationship DynamicsEvolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.

Hazan, Cindy, Shaver, Phillip·1987·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511

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“…moderate the associations between work-home linkages and job satisfaction, resulting in the weakening of these associations, due to their detachment from relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, 1990; Li & Chan, 2012; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007; Simpson, 1990) and prioritizing of work (Harms, 2011).”
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“136,137 The attachment system is primarily directed toward alleviating distress when one or both partners experience anxiety and fear, which encourages them to seek proximity toward the attachment figure—often the partner—to regain a sense of security.”
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“Early life attachment can determine adolescent and adult attachment security (e.g., Hazan & Shaver 1987).”
Influential
Parents or peers? (In)congruence effect of adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers on self-esteem
Karunarathne, R. A. I. C. (2023) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.7355 · Cited by 11
In the absence of marriage: social and religious-based relationships as alternatives to marriage for never-married adults in Indonesia
Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., Underwood, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2023) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2023.2253443 · Cited by 7
“The attachment formed in infancy (Bowlby, 1988) provides a secure base for love to flourish in the context of romantic relationship at later developmental milestones (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”
Attachment and Political Personality are Heritable and Distinct Systems, and Both Share Genetics with Interpersonal Trust and Altruism
Kleppestø, T. H., Czajkowski, N. O., Vassend, O. M., Røysamb, E., Eftedal, N. H., Sheehy-Skeffington, J. A., Ystrøm, E., Kunst, J. R., Gjerde, L. C., & Thomsen, L. (2024) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-024-10185-y · Cited by 6
“However, what has helped to make attachment theory so influential is the prediction that insecurely attached children will develop working models about relationships that last into adulthood (Fraley and Shaver 2000, 2021; Hazan and Shaver 1987).”
Background
The Relationship Between Experiencing Childhood Trauma and Psychopathic Personality Traits: The Mediating Role of Insecure Attachment
van Beeck, M., Bogaerts, S., Sellbom, M., Somma, A., Fossati, A., Brehmer, Y., Janković, M., & Garofalo, C. (2024) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2024.2381558 · Cited by 10
“Discomfort with Closeness is similar to avoidant attachment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), and is characterized by avoidance of intimacy and closeness because of insecurity about the availability and attention of others (Baroncelli et al., 2023; Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Predictors of attachment in early- and late-placed adoptees
Hillman, S., Lajmi, N., Hodges, J., Kaniuk, J., & Steele, M. (2024) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/03085759241297696 · Cited by 6
“There is much discussion as to the likely continuity or discontinuity in attachment status, with a tendency to believe that it should remain stable over time (Bretherton, 1985; Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”
How does neurochemistry affect attachment styles in humans? The role of oxytocin and the endogenous opioid system in sociotropy and autonomy – A systematic review
Snowdon, A., Attal, C., Nikkheslat, N., Pariante, C. M., Young, A. H., & Zahn, R. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105994 · Cited by 7
“Insecure attachment is more commonly associated with poor adjustment, psychopathology, and likeliness of relationship break-ups than secure attachment styles (Kirkpatrick and Hazan, 1994; Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”
Models of Intimacy of Securely and Avoidantly Attached Young Adults
Dekel, S., & Farber, B. A. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182439702 · Cited by 6
“6% secure, 22.4% avoidant, and 19.0 % anxious-ambivalentVare comparable with the percentages noted by Hazan and Shaver (1987) in their original sample: 55%, 29%, and 16%.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Protecting Women from the Negative Effects of Body Dissatisfaction: The Role of Differentiation of Self
Buser, J. K., & Gibson, S. (2017) · Women & Therapy · doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1352277 · Cited by 6
“…“confidence in protection” (Goldberg, Grusec, & Jenkins, 1999, p. 476) may, for example, anxiously latch onto relationships to manage abandonment worries (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; Goldberg et al., 1999; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”
Using Difference Scores to Inform Therapy Practice: Differences in Perceptions of Attachment Behaviors between Partners in a Clinical Sample
Novak, J. R., Sandberg, J. G., & Busby, D. M. (2018) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12303 · Cited by 6
Spousal Presence Modulates Salivary α-Amylase Responses to Infant Cry in Mothers With High Attachment Insecurity
Hiraoka, D., Miyasaka, M., & Nomura, M. (2019) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2019.1555416 · Cited by 6
“Hazan and Shaver (1987) applied this theoretical framework of attachment security to adult relationships and demonstrated that people with secure attachments have healthy internal working models that allow them to use their social support effectively.”
Background
Sacrificial Love as the Essence of Love of Work Phenomenon in Indonesian Elite Forces
Aulia, A., Himam, F., Hidayat, R. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology · doi:10.12928/jehcp.v8i3.13830 · Cited by 6
“Therefore, one's positive scheme towards his or herself, others, and the environment is a reinforcement that continuously occurs through a series of self-fulfillment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”
Background
Romantic Relationship Churn in Early Adolescence Predicts Hostility, Abuse, and Avoidance in Relationships Into Early Adulthood
Loeb, E. L., Kansky, J., Narr, R. K., Fowler, C., & Allen, J. P. (2020) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431619899477 · Cited by 7
“Attachment security has been shown to be linked to relationship qualities across development (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990; Van IJzendoorn, 1995) and seems likely to be involved in early adolescents’ approach to romantic relationships as well as friendships.”
Background
Soledad en la pareja y su relación con el apego
Granillo-Velasco, L. F., & Aragón, R. S. (2020) · CienciaUAT · doi:10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1376 · Cited by 10
Family emotional climate in childhood and risk of PTSD in adult children of Australian Vietnam veterans
Gunter, H. N., O’Toole, B. I., Dadds, M. R., & Catts, S. V. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113509 · Cited by 8
Intertwined associations among attachment styles, emotional dysregulation, and ADHD: examining unique associations with general risk-taking behavior
Asadi, H., Shoham, R., & Pollak, Y. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02320-4 · Cited by 8
Cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress: Attachment styles and invisible stranger support
McMahon, G., Creaven, A., & Gallagher, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.005 · Cited by 6
Midlife Marital and Financial Stress and the Progression of Later-Life Health Problems for Husbands and Wives
Wickrama, K. A. S., & O’Neal, C. W. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643211004364 · Cited by 6
“The marital relationship is the most salient social connection for many individuals because the marriage relationship is often the most intimate psychological, emotional, and physical source of support available to them (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”
Background
A Fuzzy MCDM Analytic Model for Building Customers’ Brand Attachment Preference in Car Firms
Hsu, T., Chen, C., & Liao, W.-C. (2021) · International Journal of Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.1007/s40815-021-01100-2 · Cited by 6
Balancing typological and dimensional approaches: Assessment of adult attachment styles with Factor Mixture Analysis
Morales-Vives, F., Ferré-Rey, G., Ferrando, P. J., & Camps, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254342 · Cited by 6
“One of the most important questionnaires in this field is the Hazan-Shaver attachment self-report [6], which focuses on adult romantic relationships.”
Background
Attachment styles and mate-retention: Exploring the mediating role of relationship satisfaction.
Nascimento, B. D. S., Little, A. C., Monteiro, R. P., Hanel, P. H. P., & Vione, K. C. (2021) · Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1037/ebs0000272 · Cited by 6

Authors: Hazan, C., & Shaver, P.
ORCID: Shaver, Phillip
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1987
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 511-524
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
OpenAlex: W4244925768
Semantic Scholar: dc48c6b4021dfbb5d7ba16032ca3ecb7777cb7ab
Cited by: 6,247
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 185 · 2025: 267 · 2024: 209 · 2023: 287 · 2022: 331 · 2021: 348 · 2020: 407 · 2019: 357 · 2018: 326 · 2017: 271 · 2016: 248 · 2015: 257 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 229 · 2012: 231
FWCI: 14.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: romantic love, attachment, attachment theory, concept of love, interpersonal relationships

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