Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.

“Separation anxiety would appear to be a core form of anxiety associated with panic attack disorder and with attachment problems (Hazan and Shaver, 1987; Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991; Eng et al., 2001).”

“In its application to romantic relationships, couple formation and dynamics, AT postulates that the nature of the links that are created through this sort of interactions is the same as that regulating care-giving relationships, and reflects the same basic behavioral patterns: secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant…”

“participants being Overall Secure corresponds quite well with prevalence estimates of participants with a secure attachment style in other studies [19,78,79].”

“1 3 eagerness to explore the surroundings [20, 31, 35, 44].”

“Anxious attachment is characterized by the perception of being betrayed and abandoned, whereas avoidant attachment is characterized by the preference for emotional distance and fear of closeness (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Shaver & Mikulincer, 2005).”

“…theories of love that could be applied to musical instruments, such as an attachment-based theory, which specifies different kinds of attachment, including secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and in some versions, disorganized (see, for example, Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2019).”

“This tool was developed by Plopa (41), on the basis of Hazan’s and Shaver’s concept (42).”

“Therefore, individuals’ adult romantic relationships are directly associated with their attachment styles (Ainsworth et al., 1978; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Whereas individuals with avoidant attachment tend to preserve emotional independence from adult attachment figures and distrust their goodwill, individuals with anxious attachment tend to worry that attachment figures will be inaccessible or elusive in times of distress [16].”

“According to the attachment theory, the attachment style established in infancy is reflected in the romantic relationships established in adulthood [17].”

“In this case, the avoidance can be transformed by avoidance – secure from the revised Hazan & Shaver 3-Category Model.”

“At the same time, paid sexual encounters may be particularly distasteful for young people: emerging sexual interest is associated with the search for romance and the emotional attachment offered by a partner (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Shulman & Sharf, 2000).”

“in attachment theory, attachment between parents and infants sets a pattern for interpersonal relationships in the future (hazan & shaver, 1987).”

“and the social world [75-78].”

“…scales, like those of the AAI, were derived in large part from clinical-style interviews rather than from a distillation of surveys and questionnaires developed by social psychologists (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Hazan and Shaver (1987), for example, presented an initial attempt to conceptualize adults’ intimate relationships as an attachment process.”

“co-occur with the context-specific attachment model, which is considered to be an outcome of the current evaluation of the attachment dynamics in a specific relationship (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, & Brumbaugh, 2011, Pierce & Lydon, 2001).”

“The self-report tradition was developed soon after the AAI, and assesses current relationship styles thought to be influenced by internal working models, developed from the individual’s attachment history (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Attachment literature emphasizes that the relationship with both parents is a predictive to the subsequent adult attachment style including with one’s spouse (Ainsworth, 1989; Collins & Read, 1990; Firestone, 2013; Fraley, 2010; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Veri Toplama Araçları İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi (İÖA): İÖA, Griffin ve Bartholomew (1994) tarafından “Hazan ve Shaver'ın (1987) üçlü bağlanma ölçümü”, “Bartholomew ve Horowitz'in (1991) dörtlü bağlanma ölçümü” ve “Collins ve Read'ın bağlanma alt ölçekleri (1990)” kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur.”

“…style has been found to be generally stable across the lifespan (Ainsworth, 1989; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978); and, in addition to fostering relationship investments, it may also influence our romantic love style, which Hazan and Shaver (1987) viewed also as an attachment process.”

“For example, individuals higher in attachment anxiety report lower levels of commitment [9], and tend to be in shorter relationships that are more likely to end [25,26].”

“Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1958), initially proposed to understand infant-caregiver’s bonding, was later expanded to conceptualize adult romantic relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Hazan and Shaver (1987) introduced attachment theory as a framework for understanding adult intimate relationships.”

“…significativos que cumplan con características de accesibilidad, seguridad y protección durante toda la vida, principalmente en acontecimientos que causan malestar (Bowlby, 2009; Cassidy & Shaver, 2016; Guerrero, 2018; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2016; Sperling & Berman 1994).”

“Researchers traditionally have assumed that internal working models affect a broad range of different relational domains and that an individual’s attachment style remains the same across different types of relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1987; Bowlby, 1988; Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991).”

“Because romantic and affectionate bonds occur as the result of an attachment process (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973) provides an overarching perspective to test for differences in RTT’s relationship parameters, and potentially, moderated processes that predict relational…”

“This question is based on the theory of internal working models (60, 61), in which women of secure type were characterized by trust and emotional satisfaction (62).”

“…and this is the case regardless of context (IzhakiCost & Shul, 2011; Rholes et al., 2007; Simpson et al., 1999; Simpson et al., 2011), presumably because they have a strong motive to avoid becoming too close and interdependent with their partner (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, 1994; Kobak & Sceery, 1988).”

“It is based on the attachment theory, which posits that secure emotional attachment to the partner is a basic need in partner relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer and Shaver, 2007; Péloquin et al., 2014; Sutton, 2019).”

“Expectations about others are developed from early relationship experiences (Bowlby, 1988) and can have long-term effects on how people view the behavior, and intentions, of others (e.g., Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Levy & Davis, 1988).”

“The results support theories that emphasize the continuity of the influence of primary relationships on adaptation throughout the life span (Ainsworth & Bowlby,1991; Grossman & Grossman, 1991; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Although this finding is not in line with the theoretical assumption that anxious-preoccupied individuals would think positively about their attachment figure, it does fit with other research questioning the valence of anxious individuals’ other-model (Collins & Read, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Hazan and Shaver (1987) were the first group of researchers to apply Bowlby’s work on attachment in exploring romantic attachments in adolescent and adult romantic relationships.”

“This scale has 21 questions which was derived from the Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), and the Attachment History Questionnaire (Crowell, Fraley, & Shaver, 1999) and validated for the purpose of measuring…”

“Th is a rti cl e is in te nd ed so le ly fo r t he p er so na l u se o f t he in di vi du al u se r a nd is n ot to b e di ss em in at ed b ro ad ly . the viewpoint of Adult Attachment theory (Bartholomew & Holowitz, 1991; Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2003).”

“Individuals with avoidant attachment internal-working models are described as having a fear of intimacy, with their romantic relationships being laden with emotional highs and lows, and they report higher incidences of jealousy ( Hazan & Shaver, 1987 ).”

“…in relation to pain, were positively correlated with attachment anxiety and negatively related to attachment avoidance, as predicted given the need for closeness and reassurance in the former and the self-reliance and discomfort with closeness characterizing the latter (Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”

“In line with current practice, this report used dimensional analyses using the secure and dismissive terms as in studies of adults (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and fearful avoidant as used by others (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991).”

“In relation to adults, Hazan and Shaver’s [5] influential work suggests that attachment theory may also be applied to studies of romantic relationships [6].”

“A second approach to assessing adult attachment was suggested by Hazan and Shaver (1987) and further extended by others (e.g., Collins & Read, 1990; Davis et al., 1994; Levy & Davis, 1988; Mikulincer & Nachshon, 1991; Simpson 1990).”

“Hazan and Shaver (1987) claimed that a single description of each attachment style is inadequate for classifying it, and Mikulincer and Erev (1991) separated the items and developed a 15-statement scale (five items per style).”

“…as “secure” (dependent attachment) and “insecure” (avoidant and ambivalent attachment), the application of attachment theory to adult romantic relationships was heralded as the moment in which psychology could allegedly grasp the “entire range of love experiences” (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, p. 512).”

“Based on the quality of their interactions with their primary caregivers as infants, adults develop secure, avoidant, or anxious attachment styles in their relationships with others (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“According to Hazan and Shaver [17], anxiety as a personality trait seems to intensify the need to be near another person: within attachment theory anxiety just seems to be a signal to get closer to others.”

“…theory suggests that attachment to one parent does not always coincide with attachment to the other (e,g., Florian, Mikulincer, & Bucholtz, 1995; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Klohnen, Weller, Luo, & Choe, 2005; McCarthy, Moller, & Fouladi, 2001) and that both the effect of the mother and that of the…”

“…during this period, such as the adolescents' search for independence from their primary caregivers as well as differentiation and autonomy attainment (Escobar & Santelices, 2013), while valuing proximity to their peer groups (Scharf & Mayseless, 2007) and romantic partners (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Cronbach’s alphas in the present study were .74, .78, and .78, respectively.ii The Self-classified Attachment Style developed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) is a forced-choice description of the avoidant, anxiousambivalent, and secure attachment styles.”

“Attachment is a cradle-to-grave phenomenon, with behaviours replicated in adulthood as humans seek bonds with others, particularly with regard to romantic relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”

“At the same time, social psychologists began to explore the adult correlates of infant attachment and developed self-report methods of assessing different adult attachment styles (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Crowell, Fraley, & Roisman, 2016; Hazan & Shaver, 1987, 1990).”

“Secure relationships are typically characterized by more commitment, interdependence, satisfaction, and trust; detecting a potential partner's level of security would thus allow one to increase the chance of satisfying those needs (e.g., Brennan & Shaver, 1995; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990).”

“…dependability (i.e. consistent and reliable), closeness (i.e., comfort with close proximity), and communication (i.e., mutual self-disclosure) between partners (Collins & Feeney, 2000; Collins et al., 2006; Duemmler & Kobak, 2001; Fraley & Davis, 1997; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Kobak & Hazan, 1991).”

“Construct validity of the AAS has been demonstrated by Collins and Read (1990) using Hazan and Shaver’s single-item measure (Hazan and Shaver 1987).”

“Evolutionary theory suggests that sexual chemistry facilitates procreative coupling, thereby ensuring conception, child rearing, and genetic continuity (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Money, 1980).”