Contrastive and counterfactual reasoning in causal judgment.
Abstract
The present research addressed differences in the use of covariation information implied by counterfactual reasoning, which focuses on the question «Would the event Y have occurred if the candidate X had not?» and contrastive reasoning, which involves comparing the target episode to contrasting background instances and noting distinctive features. Two experiments test hypotheses regarding the use of counterfactual and contrastive thinking under different conditions. Findings suggest that when no candidate has been identified, people are more likely to engage in contrastive thinking, but they may engage in counterfactual thinking when they are asked to evaluate a specific candidate
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In three studies [67], [128], [137], the classifiers used in the experiments are not specified.
“In three studies [67], [128], [137], the classifiers used in the experiments are not specified.”
From A Survey of Contrastive and Counterfactual Explanation Generation Methods for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
Numerical counterfactual explanations can be represented as logical formulas.
“They can be represented as logical formulas [67], [93], [94]”
From A Survey of Contrastive and Counterfactual Explanation Generation Methods for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
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Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences
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- Authors
- McGill, A. L., & Klein, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 897-905
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2008186371
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Keywords
- counterfactual reasoning, contrastive reasoning, causal judgment, covariation, causal inference, candidate identification, causal explanation
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