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Cited by 525Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and AssessmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

Individual differences in dispositional expressiveness: Development and validation of the Emotional Expressivity Scale.

Kring, Ann M., Smith, David A., Neale, John M.·1994·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.934
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Abstract

Although emotional expressivity figures prominently in several theories of psychological and physical functioning, limitations of currently available measurement techniques impede precise and economical testing of these theories. The 17-item Emotional Expressivity Scale (EES) was designed as a self-report measure of the extent to which people outwardly display their emotions. Reliability studies showed the EES to be an internally consistent and stable individual-difference measure. Validational studies established initial convergent and discriminant validities, a moderate relationship between self-rated and other-rated expression, and correspondence between self-report and laboratory-measured expressiveness using both college student and community populations. The potential for the EES to promote and integrate findings across diverse areas of research is discussed.

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  • Kring et al. (1994) developed the 17-item EES to measure dispositional expressiveness.

    “Kring et al. (1994) developed the 17-item EES to measure dispositional expressiveness.”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Kring et al., 1994

  • Other studies have found a positive correlation between self-reports of expressivity and extraversion.

    “Other studies have found a positive correlation between self-reports of expressivity and extraversion (e.g., Gross & John, 1995; Kring et al., 1994)”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Kring et al., 1994

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Authors
Kring, A. M., Smith, D. A., & Neale, J. M.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1994-05
Volume
66
Issue
5
Pages
934-949
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.934
OpenAlex
W1963560988
Cited by
525
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI
4.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH4411602)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords
emotional expressivity, individual differences, self-report measures, scale development, convergent validity, discriminant validity, self-other agreement, personality assessment
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Emotions, Female, Humans, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Personality Inventory, Self Concept, Social Environment, Social Perception, Verbal Behavior

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