Alexithymia and emotional regulation: A cluster analytical approach
Open accessAbstract
Background: Alexithymia has been a familiar conception of psychosomatic phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were subtypes of alexithymia associating with different traits of emotional expression and regulation among a group of healthy college students. Methods: 1788 healthy college students were administered with the Chinese version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and another set of questionnaires assessing emotion status and regulation. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted on the three factor scores of the TAS-20. The cluster solution was cross-validated by the corresponding emotional regulation. Results: The results indicated there were four subtypes of alexithymia, namely extrovert-high alexithymia (EHA), general-high alexithymia (GHA), introvert-high alexithymia (IHA) and non-alexithymia (NA). The GHA was characterized by general high scores on all three factors, the IHA was characterized by high scores on difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings but low score on externally oriented cognitive style of thinking, the EHA was characterized by high score on externally oriented cognitive style of thinking but normal score on the others, and the NA got low score on all factors. The GHA and IHA were dominant by suppressive character of emotional regulation and expression with worse emotion status as compared to the EHA and NA. Conclusions: The current findings suggest there were four subtypes of alexithymia characterized by different emotional regulation manifestations.
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Alexithymia is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation but encapsulates it in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one's emotions.
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The Background (page unavailable) defines alexithymia partly by difficulty identifying and describing feelings, supporting its distinction from emotion regulation alone. The Results (page unavailable) associate some alexithymia subtypes with more suppressive regulation, but show that regulation strategies vary across subtypes; they do not establish emotional dysregulation as a component of alexithymia in general. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Chen, J., Xu, T., Jing, J., & Chan, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Raymond CK
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2011-02-23
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-33
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3050802
- OpenAlex
- W1996182609
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-R-131, KSCX2-YW-R)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2007CB512302)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH139349)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- alexithymia, emotion regulation, emotional expression, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, emotional suppression, difficulty identifying feelings, externally oriented thinking, university students, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Affective Symptoms, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Cluster Analysis, Young Adult
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