Cited by 1,358Education, Achievement, and GiftednessGrit, Self-Efficacy, and MotivationSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.

Hong, Ying-yi, Chiu, Chi-yue, Dweck, Carol S., Lin, Derrick M.-S., Wan, Wendy·1999·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588

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Abstract

This research sought to integrate C. S. Dweck and E. L. Leggett's (1988) model with attribution theory. Three studies tested the hypothesis that theories of intelligence—the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) versus fixed (entity theory)—would predict (and create) effort versus ability attributions, which would then mediate mastery-oriented coping. Study 1 revealed that, when given negative feedback, incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to attribute to effort. Studies 2 and 3 showed that incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to take remedial action if performance was unsatisfactory. Study 3, in which an entity or incremental theory was induced, showed that incremental theorists' remedial action was mediated by their effort attributions. These results suggest that implicit theories create the meaning framework in which attributions occur and are important for understanding motivation.

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Authors: Hong, Y.-Y., Chiu, C.-Y., Dweck, C. S., Lin, D. M.-S., & Wan, W.
Affiliations: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
ORCID: Hong, Ying-yi
Chiu, Chi-yue
Dweck, Carol S.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999
Volume: 77
Issue: 3
Pages: 588-599
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588
OpenAlex: W1973019568
Cited by: 1,358
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 56
FWCI: 18.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: implicit theories of intelligence, incremental theory, entity theory, attribution theory, effort attribution, ability attribution, meaning systems, motivation, negative feedback, remedial measures

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Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.

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