Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment

Ryder, Andrew G.; Alden, Lynn E.; Paulhus, Delroy L.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49

Cited by 1,575Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Differences and Values

Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment

Ryder, Andrew G., Alden, Lynn E., Paulhus, Delroy L.·2000·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49

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Abstract

The unidimensional model of acculturation posits that heritage and mainstream culture identifications have a strong inverse relation, whereas the bidimensional model posits that the 2 identifications are independent. The authors compared these models in 3 samples of ethnic Chinese (ns = 164, 150, and 204), 1 sample of non-Chinese East Asians (n = 70), and one diverse group of acculturating individuals (n = 140). Although the unidimensional measure showed a coherent pattern of external correlates, the bidimensional measure revealed independent dimensions corresponding to heritage and mainstream culture identification. These dimensions displayed patterns of noninverse correlations with personality, self-identity, and psychosocial adjustment. The authors conclude that the bidimensional model is a more valid and useful operationalization of acculturation.

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In a prior sample of 414 persons, the VIA heritage and mainstream dimensions evidenced high internal consistency (α = 0.91-0.92 and 0.85-0.89, respectively).
“Both heritage culture and mainstream dimensions evidenced high internal consistency (α = 0.91–0.92 and 0.85–0.89, respectively).”
From Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data (2018) · cites this paper as Ryder et al., 2000
The Vancouver Index of Acculturation is a bi-dimensional measure that assesses adherence to Mainstream and Heritage cultures on separate subscales and was not developed for a specific racial/ethnic group.
“The Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) is a bi-dimensional measure that assesses adherence to the Mainstream and Heritage cultures on separate subscales and was not developed for a specific racial/ethnic group (Ryder et al., 2000).”
From Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data (2018) · cites this paper as Ryder et al., 2000

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Authors: Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., & Paulhus, D. L.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID: Ryder, Andrew G.
Alden, Lynn E.
Paulhus, Delroy L.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000-07
Volume: 79
Issue: 1
Pages: 49-65
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49
OpenAlex: W2111348693
Cited by: 1,575
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 94
FWCI: 46.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Keywords: acculturation, ethnic Chinese, East Asian immigrants, personality, self-identity, psychosocial adjustment
MeSH terms: Acculturation, Adolescent, Adult, British Columbia, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Ethnicity, Asia, Eastern, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Adjustment, Social Identification

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Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment

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