The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years.
Abstract
Positive and negative affect, measured by the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, were studied in a longitudinal sample spanning from 1971 to 1994. The sample (N = 2,804) represented 4 generations of families. Linear trend analyses compared generations over time for positive and negative affect and also examined the possible influences of neuroticism and extraversion on initial levels of affect and patterns of change in affect. Negative affect decreased with age for all generations, although the rate was attenuated among the oldest adults. Higher neuroticism scores also attenuated the decrease in negative affect across time. For positive affect, the younger and middle-aged adults showed marked stability, but the older group evidenced a small decrease over time. Higher levels of extraversion were related to more stability in positive affect.
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“Moreover, gradual changes in personality (Jones & Meredith, 1996), affect, and emotion (Charles, Reynolds, & Gatz, 2001) can be observed.”
From What satisfies younger versus older employees, and why? An aging perspective on equity theory to explain interactive effects of employee age, monetary rewards, and task contributions on job satisfaction (2020) · cites this paper as Charles, Reynolds, & Gatz, 2001
In the citing paper
“Several studies have shown a negative relationship between age and psychological distress [21,22]”
From A longitudinal study of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“studies suggest that levels of positive emotions are relatively independent of age 75, with a slight decrease in older age 76.”
From Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. (2013) · cites this paper as [76]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111 · Cited by 3,203
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Metadata
- Authors
- Charles, S. T., Reynolds, C. A., & Gatz, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-151
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2127613563
- Cited by
- 1,049
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 24.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r37ag007977-13)
- National Institute on Aging (R37 AG-07977)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- positive affect, negative affect, age differences, longitudinal change, neuroticism, extraversion, generational differences, personality stability, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Intergenerational Relations
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