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Cited by 578Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionBullying, Victimization, and AggressionSocial and Intergroup Psychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts.

van Beest, Ilja, Williams, Kipling D.·2006·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.918
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Abstract

Recent research indicates that ostracism is painful even in the face of mitigating circumstances. However, in all previous experiments, there have been no costs to inclusion or benefits for ostracism. If being included meant losing money and being ostracized meant retaining money, would individuals still be distressed when ostracized? In 2 studies, the authors attempted to "load the dice" against inclusion in favor of ostracism. Participants played a variant of Cyberball called euroyberball (pronounced Euroball), in which ostracism and inclusion were crossed with whether the participants earned or lost money for each ball toss they received. In 2 experiments, the authors found that even when being ostracized meant retaining more money than the other players, it was painful. In Study 2, the authors also introduced conditions in which participants were overincluded. In these conditions, participants were sensitive to financial incentives. However, even then participants felt worse when given no positive attention than when given punitive attention.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.918

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Metadata

Authors
van Beest, I., & Williams, K. D.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2006-11
Volume
91
Issue
5
Pages
918-928
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.918
OpenAlex
W1981647801
Cited by
567
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 30
FWCI
18.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
ostracism, social exclusion, financial incentives, EUROBALL, Cyberball, overinclusion, positive attention
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Personal Satisfaction, Rejection, Psychology, Reward, Social Desirability, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Students, Behavioral Research

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