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Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis.
Abstract
An emotional security hypothesis that builds on attachment theory is proposed to account for recent empirical findings on the impact of marital conflict on children and to provide directions for future research. Children's concerns about emotional security play a role in their regulation of emotional arousal and organization and in their motivation to respond in the face of marital conflict. Over time these response processes and internalized representations of parental relations that develop have implications for children's long-term adjustment. Emotional security is seen as a product of past experiences with marital conflict and as a primary influence on future responding. The impact and interaction of other experiential histories within the family that affect children's emotional security are also examined, with a focus on parent-child relations.
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In the citing paper
“destructive interparental interactions are stressful for adolescents to observe (Davies et al. 2007; El-Sheikh 1994), provide children with poor models of effective coping (Chorpita and Barlow 1998), and threaten children’s safety and security within the family system (Davies and Cummings 1994).”
From Mindfulness Interventions to Reduce Impact of Interparental Conflict on Adolescents. (2020) · cites this paper as Davies and Cummings 1994
In the citing paper
“EST postulates that children’s adjustment is influenced by the extent to which they feel secure in the family system.”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Davies & Cummings, 1994
In the citing paper
“However, research has focused on relations between conflicts in specific family systems, for example, interparental (e.g., Davies & Cummings, 1994) or parent-child hostility (e.g., Patterson, 1982), and children’s adjustment, rather than considering the implications of conflict in the family as a whole.”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Davies & Cummings, 1994
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Altruism, Aggression, and Social Interactions in Young Children with a Manic-Depressive Parent
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Self-citationBeyond cognition: Expanding the search for the early roots of internalization and conscience.
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Marital discord and child behavior problems in a nonclinic sample
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A process-oriented approach to children's coping with adults' angry behavior
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Children of Abused Women: I. Adjustment at Time of Shelter Residence
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DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN'S REACTIONS TO ANGER IN THE HOME
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Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship
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Coping with adults' angry behavior: Behavioral, physiological, and verbal responses in preschoolers.
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Self-citationMothers' and sons' cognitive and emotional reactions to simulated marital and family conflict.
O’Brien, M., Margolin, G., John, R. S., & Krueger, L. A. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.5.692 · Cited by 116
Habituation in the Human Infant
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Responses of Physically Abused and Nonabused Children to Different Forms of Interadult Anger
Hennessy, K. D., Rabideau, G. J., Cicchetti, D., & Cummings, E. M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00785.x · Cited by 106
Self-citationMaternal Responsiveness and Child Compliance: The Role of Mood as a Mediator
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Theoretical and Methodological Issues
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Young children's responses to constructive marital disputes.
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Self-citationAffective and interactive disturbances in infants.
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Maternal affect and toddlers' social-emotional competence.
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SEX DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO FAMILY STRESS: A RE‐EVALUATION
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Metadata
- Authors
- Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-411
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1996010876
- Cited by
- 1,866
- References
- 225
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 36.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- marital conflict, child adjustment, emotional safety, attachment theory, emotion regulation, emotional arousal, parental relationships, parent-child relationship, family experiences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Conflict, Psychological, Emotions, Family, Humans, Infant, Marriage, Parent-Child Relations, Sex Factors, Social Adjustment
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