Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review

In the citing paper

“Each of these four meta-analyses included a different set of articles and came to varied conclusions, namely that physical punishment is largely ineffective and harmful (Gershoff, 2002), that physical punishment is effective under certain circumstances (Larzelere & Kuhn, 2005), and that physical punishment is linked with children’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems but only modestly (F”

In the citing paper

“Taken together, these meta-analyses provide evidence that physical punishment is associated with negative child outcomes, particularly when the outcomes are divided into finer-grained categories (Ferguson, 2013; Gershoff, 2002) rather than when they are grouped into broad categories (Paolucci & Violato, 2004), and that harsher methods of physical punishment are more strongly associated with”

In the citing paper

“The finding that spanking was not linked with immediate defiance was unexpected given the opposite findings in the Gershoff (2002) meta-analyses.”

In the citing paper

“The mean effect size across all studies, d = .33, was smaller than the overall mean effect size reported by Gershoff (2002), d = .40, but still statistically significant.”

In the citing paper

“PP has been linked to many negative effects (e.g., poor child mental health outcomes, aggression; Afifi, Mota, Sareen, & MacMillan, 2017;Gershoff, 2002;Sege, Siegel, COUNCIL”

In the citing paper

“Similarly, in a meta-analysis examining spanking and detrimental child outcomes, spanking was significantly associated with risk of PA with mean weighted effect size at (d 0.64; CI, 0.39 to 1.74; Gershoff, 2002).”

In the citing paper

“Despite differences across studies, these estimates highlight PP as an important public health issue because it involves use of physical force (e.g., hitting), which can escalate to abusive or harsh PP, resulting in child physical abuse (PA; Afifi et al., 2017;Gershoff, 2002) or death (Cavanagh, Dobash, & Dobash, 2007).”

In the citing paper

“possible reasons for this difference might include perpetrators' age, attitude towards PP, or lack of training or knowledge of effective nonphysical disciplinary strategies used to correct child misbehavior (Ateah & Durrant, 2005;Gershoff, 2002).”

In the citing paper

“Prior studies have established a link between PP and negative outcomes (Afifi et al., 2017;Cavanagh et al., 2007;Gershoff, 2002;Sege et al., 2018;Trocmé et al., 2005).”

In the citing paper

“Fourth, PP is often described as points on a continuum; thus, the range of behaviors (e.g., hitting, spanking, slapping) subsumed under the term PP vary (Gershoff, 2002).”

In the citing paper

“Over a span of five decades, numerous cross-cultural studies, longitudinal investigations (Berlin et al., 2009; Gershoff et al., 2012), and large meta-analyses (Gershoff, 2002; Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor, 2016) provide converging evidence regarding the harmful outcomes, which include depression or depressed mood (Fergusson et al., 2008), antisocial behavior (Straus et al., 1997), substance use, Su”