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Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: Do negative emotions play a role?
Abstract
In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the authors examine indirect evidence showing that (a) SES relates to the targeted health outcomes, (b) SES relates to negative emotions and cognitions, and (c) negative emotions and cognitions relate to the targeted health outcomes. The authors present a general framework for understanding the roles of cognitive-emotional factors, suggesting that low-SES environments are stressful and reduce individuals' reserve capacity to manage stress, thereby increasing vulnerability to negative emotions and cognitions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to better evaluate the proposed model.
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“It is likely that a complex combination of structural, physiological, psychological and behavioral differences drive these relationships (205, 206, 208-210).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [208]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-51
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1982733207
- Cited by
- 1,366
- References
- 459
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 33.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL65111, HL 25767, HL65112, R01HL025767, P50HL065112, #HL07560, P50HL065111)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, physical health, negative emotions, cognitive factors, cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, stress, stress buffering, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Emotions, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Negativism, Social Class
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