The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Classic research on belief in a Just World (Lerner, 1980;Lerner & Miller, 1978) argues that people are motivated to maintain a view that the world is just by re-appraising the suffering of ostensibly innocent victims to make bad experiences seem more deserved.”
From Victim blaming and belief in karma (2024) · cites this paper as Lerner & Miller, 1978
Citations
Cites
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,255
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Depression. Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects.
(1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-502 · Cited by 5,233
Kübler-Ross, E. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 4,935
The processes of causal attribution.
Kelley, H. H. (1973) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0034225 · Cited by 4,025
Langer, E. J. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311 · Cited by 3,909
Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.
Bem, D. J. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024835 · Cited by 2,959
Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?
Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076486 · Cited by 2,575
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,001
Young, M. J., Morris, M. W., Burrus, J. T., Krishnan, L., & Regmi, M. P. (2011) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022110381123 · Cited by 54
Stereotype content across cultures as a function of group status
Fiske, S. T., & Cuddy, A. J. C. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584329.013 · Cited by 54
The Effects of Victim Impact Evidence on the Verdicts and Sentencing Judgments of Mock Jurors
Myers, B., & Arbuthnot, J. (1999) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1300/j076v29n03_05 · Cited by 54
Attribution Processes in Violent Relationships: Perceptions of Violent Husbands and Their Wives1
SHIELDS, N. M., & Hanneke, C. R. (1983) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02334.x · Cited by 54
Status, Threat, and Stereotypes: Understanding the Function of Rape Myth Acceptance
Chapleau, K. M., & Oswald, D. L. (2013) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-013-0177-z · Cited by 53
How belief in a just world leads to prosocial behaviours: The role of communal orientation
Guo, Y., Chen, X., Ma, J., Li, Y., & Hommey, C. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111642 · Cited by 53
The Role of Gender and Ethnicity in Perceptions of Rape and Its Aftereffects
Schneider, L. J., Mori, L. T., Lambert, P. L., & Wong, A. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9545-9 · Cited by 53
The belief in a just world and subjective perceptions of society: A developmental perspective
Oppenheimer, L. (2005) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.014 · Cited by 53
Lerner, M. J. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-210820-4.50016-2 · Cited by 53
Self-citationBolton, G. E., & Karagözoğlu, E. (2016) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2016.08.005 · Cited by 53
Burt, D. L., & DeMello, L. R. (2003) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1300/j082v43n02_03 · Cited by 53
Başoğlu, M., Paker, M., Özmen, E., Taşdemir, Ö., Şahin, D., Ceyhanli, A., İncesu, C., & Sarimurat, N. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.232 · Cited by 53
Coping With Threats to Just‐World Beliefs: Derogate, Blame, or Help?1
Haynes, G. A., & Olson, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00023.x · Cited by 53
The Impact of A Discredited Key Witness
Hatvany, N., & Strack, F. (1980) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00728.x · Cited by 53
Eight Stages in the Development of Research on the Construct of Belief in a Just World?
Maes, J. (1998) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6418-5_10 · Cited by 52
van Prooijen, J., & van den Bos, K. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209344728 · Cited by 52
Rape Victims' Attitudes to Rape Myth Acceptance
Egan, R., & Wilson, J. C. (2011) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2011.585128 · Cited by 63
The Politics of Causes: Mass Shootings and the Cases of the Virginia Tech and Tucson Tragedies
Joslyn, M. R., & Haider‐Markel, D. P. (2012) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00894.x · Cited by 52
Yu, G., Zhao, F., Wang, H., & Li, S. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9908-5 · Cited by 52
Putting Adjustment Back in the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.009 · Cited by 52
Clinical versus Actuarial Judgment
Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.042 · Cited by 53
Correia, I., Alves, H., Sutton, R. M., Ramos, M., Gouveia-Pereira, M., & Vala, J. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.032 · Cited by 48
Blame and Shame in Sexual Assault
Bhuptani, P. H., & Messman‐Moore, T. L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_18 · Cited by 51
Moral coherence processes: constructing culpability and consequences
Clark, C. J., Chen, E. E., & Ditto, P. H. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.016 · Cited by 50
Eidelman, S., & Crandall, C. S. (2014) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800284-1.00002-3 · Cited by 54
Intuitive Jurisprudence: Early Reasoning About the Functions of Punishment
Bregant, J., Shaw, A., & Kinzler, K. D. (2016) · Journal of Empirical Legal Studies · doi:10.1111/jels.12130 · Cited by 55
Szendrey, J. M., & Fiala, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning · doi:10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.290 · Cited by 50
Xing, Z., Fan, L., Cheng, C., & Fan, Y. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04470-z · Cited by 50
Heuristics and Biases in Application
Fischhoff, B. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.043 · Cited by 51
Koehler, C., & Weber, M. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-4 · Cited by 49
Hilbig, B. E., Thielmann, I., Zettler, I., & Moshagen, M. (2022) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976221116893 · Cited by 49
Su, P., & He, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1297256 · Cited by 49
Rape Myths and Social Distance Toward Sex Offenders and Victims among Therapists and Students
Shechory, M., & Idisis, Y. (2006) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9031-1 · Cited by 49
Kim, E., & Park, H. (2018) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.06.006 · Cited by 49
Attribution of blame to rape victims among therapists and non‐therapists
Idisis, Y., Ben‐David, S., & Ben‐Nachum, E. (2007) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.721 · Cited by 49
How Do Observers of Victimization Preserve Their Belief in a Just World Cognitively or Actionally?
Reichle, B., Schneider, A., & Montada, L. (1998) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6418-5_4 · Cited by 49
Learning From Service: The Effect of Helping on Helpers' Social Dominance Orientation
BROWN, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00738.x · Cited by 48
Socioeconomic Status and Belief in a Just World: Sentencing of Criminal Defendants1
Freeman, N. J. (2006) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00108.x · Cited by 48
A Tarnished Silver Lining: Victim Suffering and Support for Reparations
Starzyk, K. B., & Ross, M. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207311280 · Cited by 48
Towards a Theory of Marketing Systems as the Public Good
Kadirov, D. (2018) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146718767949 · Cited by 47
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.015 · Cited by 47
Allen, M., Ng, S. H., Ikeda, K., Jawan, J. A., Sufi, A. H., Wilson, M., & Yang, K.-S. (2007) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022107300273 · Cited by 47
Methodological Strategies in Research to Validate Measures of Belief in a Just World
Schmitt, M. (1998) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6418-5_11 · Cited by 47
Miller, A. K., Handley, I. M., Markman, K. D., & Miller, J. H. (2010) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801210382874 · Cited by 47
Like Goes with Like: The Role of Representativeness in Erroneous and Pseudo-Scientific Beliefs
Gilovich, T. D., & Savitsky, K. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.036 · Cited by 50
The Need Principle of Distributive Justice
Schwinger, T. (1986) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5059-0_11 · Cited by 47
Perceptions of victim and offender culpability in non-consensual distribution of intimate images
Zvi, L., & Bitton, M. S. (2020) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2020.1818236 · Cited by 46
Sherman, S. J., Cialdini, R. B., Schwartzman, D. F., & Reynolds, K. D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.006 · Cited by 46
Kennedy, J. A., & Kray, L. J. (2015) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2015.09.002 · Cited by 52
The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime
Walters, G. D. (2004) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x03259472 · Cited by 46
How leaders perceive employee deviance: Blaming victims while excusing favorites.
Kluemper, D. H., Taylor, S. G., Bowler, W. M., Bing, M. N., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000387 · Cited by 50
In Search of the Silver Lining
Anderson, J. E., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610386620 · Cited by 46
The perceived relationship between the belief in a just world and sociopolitical ideology
Dittmar, H., & Dickinson, J. (1993) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01054461 · Cited by 46
The role of the justice motive in economic decision making
Dalbert, C., & Umlauft, S. (2008) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2008.07.006 · Cited by 46
Disability and Aging Discrimination
Wiener, R. L., & Willborn, S. L. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6293-5 · Cited by 50
Preferred Solutions to the Energy Crisis as a Function of Causal Attributions
Belk, R. W., Painter, J. J., & Semenik, R. J. (1981) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208869 · Cited by 46
Human Motives and Personal Relationships
McAdams, D. P. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-210840-2.50008-4 · Cited by 46
Belief in a Just World, Blaming the Victim, and Hate Crime Statutes
Dharmapala, D., Garoupa, N. M., & McAdams, R. H. (2009) · Review of Law & Economics · doi:10.2202/1555-5879.1276 · Cited by 46
Attributions of Blame and Responsibility for Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Adjustment
McMillen, C. J., & Zuravin, S. J. (1997) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626097012001003 · Cited by 46
The trivialization of distress.
Lazarus, R. S. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10082-003 · Cited by 46
Braman, A. C., & Lambert, A. J. (2001) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02664.x · Cited by 46
Emotional disclosure and victim blaming.
Harber, K. D., Podolski, P., & Williams, C. H. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000056 · Cited by 58
Nau, J., Dassen, T. W. N., Needham, I., & Halfens, R. J. G. (2008) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2008.08.011 · Cited by 45
Just world beliefs, personal success and beliefs in conspiracy theories
Furnham, A. F. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01576-z · Cited by 44
Rape Myths, Rape Scripts, and Common Rape Experiences of College Women
Hockett, J. M., Saucier, D. A., & Badke, C. (2015) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801215599844 · Cited by 56
The effects of justice motivation on memory for self- and other-relevant events
Callan, M. J., Kay, A. C., Davidenko, N., & Ellard, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.013 · Cited by 44
Rickard, L. N., Yang, J. Z., Schuldt, J. P., Eosco, G. M., Scherer, C. W., & Daziano, R. A. (2017) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12779 · Cited by 44
How malleable are cognitive abilities? A critical perspective on popular brief interventions.
Moreau, D. (2021) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000872 · Cited by 48
On the Normativity of Expressing the Belief in a Just World: Empirical Evidence
Alves, H., & Correia, I. F. (2008) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-007-0060-x · Cited by 44
Psychologists and the Use of Torture in Interrogations
Costanzo, M. A., Gerrity, E. T., & Lykes, M. B. (2007) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2007.00118.x · Cited by 44
The "Belief in a Just World" Construct in Hungary
Dalbert, C., & Sallay, H. (1996) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022196273003 · Cited by 44
Children's Reactions to the Perpetrators and Victims of Injustices
Miller, D. T., & McCann, C. D. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02437.x · Cited by 44
Self-citationCauses and Consequences of Schadenfreude and Sympathy: A Developmental Analysis
Schindler, R., Körner, A., Bauer, S., Hadji, S., & Rudolph, U. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137669 · Cited by 43
Hong, J., Hwang, M., Hsu, C.-H., Tai, K., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.019 · Cited by 45
Chaitin, J., & Steinberg, S. (2008) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926770802344851 · Cited by 43
Relative preference and adaptiveness of behavioral blame for observers of rape victims
Karuza, J., & Carey, T. O. (1984) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00880.x · Cited by 43
Remarks on Support Theory: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Brenner, L. A., Koehler, D. J., & Rottenstreich, Y. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.029 · Cited by 45
Luxury Ethical Consumers: Who Are They?
Vanhamme, J., Lindgreen, A., & Sarial‐Abi, G. (2021) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-021-04981-3 · Cited by 47
Making Meaning Out of Interpersonal Victimization
Lim, B. H., Valdez, C. E., & Lilly, M. M. (2015) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801215590670 · Cited by 52
Callan, M. J., Powell, N. G., & Ellard, J. H. (2007) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-007-0053-9 · Cited by 46
Beliefs in a Just World, Subjective Well-Being and Attitudes Towards Refugees Among Refugee Workers
Khera, M. L. K., Harvey, A. J., & Callan, M. J. (2014) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-014-0220-8 · Cited by 42
Peter, F., Dalbert, C., Kloeckner, N., & Radant, M. (2012) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0163-0 · Cited by 42
Schaafsma, J. (2013) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.04.002 · Cited by 42
Callebaut, L., Molyneux, P., & Alexander, T. (2016) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2061 · Cited by 42
The unfairness of it all: Exploring the role of injustice appraisals in rehabilitation outcomes.
Monden, K. R., Trost, Z., Scott, W., Bogart, K. R., & Driver, S. J. (2016) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000075 · Cited by 45
Children's Perceptions of Peers With Somatic Symptoms: The Impact of Gender, Stress, and Illness
Guite, J. W. (2000) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/25.3.125 · Cited by 42
Kawakami, K., Karmali, F., & Vaccarino, E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814715-3.00001-1 · Cited by 41
Michael Shengtao, W. U., Sutton, R. M., Yan, X., Zhou, C., Chen, Y., Zhu, Z., & Han, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080668 · Cited by 41
Mackay, C. M. L., Cristoffanini, F., Wright, J. D., Neufeld, S. D., Ogawa, H. F., & Schmitt, M. T. (2021) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2021.100009 · Cited by 41
Unfairness begets unfairness: Victim derogation bias in employee ratings
Skarlicki, D. P., & Turner, R. A. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.11.004 · Cited by 41
Discrimination in the 21st century: Are science and the law aligned?
King, E. B., Dunleavy, D. G., Dunleavy, E. M., Jaffer, S. A., Morgan, W. B., Elder, K., & Graebner, R. (2010) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/a0021673 · Cited by 41
Rape Crimes Reviewed: The Role of Observer Variables in Female Victim Blaming
Ferrão, M. C., & Gonçalves, G. (2015) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.5964/psyct.v8i1.131 · Cited by 41
Lupfer, M. B., & Gingrich, B. E. (1999) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1023/a:1022189200464 · Cited by 41
Halabi, S., Statman, Y., & Dovidio, J. F. (2014) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430214546067 · Cited by 41
Nudelman, G., & Otto, K. (2019) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12438 · Cited by 34
Do just‐world believers practice private charity?
Bègue, L. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12201 · Cited by 40
Ethical Judgments about Wartime Ads Depicting Combat
Tansey, R. R., Hyman, M. R., & Brown, G. (1992) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1992.10673377 · Cited by 40
Can Personality Traits Predict Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Nudelman, G., Kamble, S. V., & Otto, K. (2021) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-021-00369-w · Cited by 40
Stroebe, K. E., Dovidio, J. F., Barreto, M., Ellemers, N., & John, M. (2010) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466610x523057 · Cited by 39
Cheng, Y., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Schrift, R. Y. (2016) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.15.0105 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- ORCID
- Miller, Dale T.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1978-09
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1030-1051
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2102050923
- Cited by
- 1,687
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 57.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- just world hypothesis, attribution processes, attribution theory, perceived fairness, victim blaming
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review