The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,342
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 14,201–14,300 of 23,881
Allara, E., Angelini, P., Gorini, G., Bosi, S., Carreras, G., Gozzi, C., Martini, A., Tamelli, M., Storani, S., & Faggiano, F. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.002 · Cited by 10
The Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire: study protocol
Morley, D., Dummett, S., Kelly, L., Dawson, J., Fitzpatrick, R. M., & Jenkinson, C. (2013) · Patient Related Outcome Measures · doi:10.2147/prom.s53762 · Cited by 10
Singh, E., Rife, C., Clayton, S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182557099 · Cited by 10
Silent or Talking in the Classroom: Implicit Self-Stereotyping Among Asian and White Students
Devos, T., & Yokoyama, Y. (2014) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2014.934960 · Cited by 10
Store and Restaurant Advertising and Health of Public Housing Residents
Heinrich, K. M., Li, D., Regan, G. R., Howard, H. H., Ahluwalia, J. S., & Lee, R. E. (2012) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.36.1.7 · Cited by 10
Assessing assay agreement estimation for multiple left‐censored data: a multiple imputation approach
Lapidus, N., Chevret, S., & Resche‐Rigon, M. (2014) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6319 · Cited by 10
The classification of recovered memories: A cautionary note
Raymaekers, L., Smeets, T., Peters, M. J. V., et al. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.09.002 · Cited by 10
Klep, A. H. M., Wisse, B. M., & der Flier, H. V. (2012) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12000 · Cited by 10
INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF THE S DRING MOTOR EVALUATION OF STROKE PATIENTS (SMES)
Halsaa, K. M. S. X. F. K. E. (1999) · Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/003655099444416 · Cited by 10
Fisher, B. E., Davenport, T. E., Kulig, K., & Wu, A. D. (2009) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-9-20 · Cited by 10
A Twin Study on Humor Appreciation
Weber, M., Ruch, W., Riemann, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000136 · Cited by 10
Dutra, S. J., Reeves, E. J., Mauss, I. B., & Gruber, J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.044 · Cited by 10
Patient Recall of Health Care Events and Time to Diagnose a Suspected Ovarian Cancer
Hess, L. M., Method, M. W., Stehman, F. B., et al. (2012) · Clinical Ovarian and Other Gynecologic Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.cogc.2012.04.001 · Cited by 10
Varghese, R., Hui-Chan, C. W. Y., Wang, E., & Bhatt, T. S. (2014) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.05.011 · Cited by 10
Development of an Instrument to Measure Nursing Student Teamwork Skills
Smith, S. J., Farra, S. L., Eyck, R. T., et al. (2015) · Clinical Simulation in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2015.10.006 · Cited by 10
Li, X., Dong, V. A.-Q., & Fong, K. N. K. (2015) · Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.hkjot.2015.12.001 · Cited by 10
Swanson, J. E., Stoltman, M. G., Oyen, C. R., et al. (2015) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/1071100715604238 · Cited by 10
The psychometric properties of the Turkish Stroke and Aphasia Quality Of Life Scale-39
Çalış, F. A., Çelik, S., Demir, O., Aykanat, D., & On, A. Y. (2016) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/mrr.0000000000000159 · Cited by 10
Psychometric Properties of the 25-Item Work Limitations Questionnaire in Japan
Kono, Y., Matsushima, E., & Uji, M. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000082 · Cited by 11
Morphological asymmetries of mouse brain assessed by geometric morphometric analysis of MRI data
Barbeito‐Andrés, J., Bernal, V., & González, P. (2016) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2016.04.006 · Cited by 10
Coupling of dyspnea perception and occurrence of tachypnea during exercise
Tsukada, S., Masaoka, Y., Yoshikawa, A., Okamoto, K., Homma, I., & Izumizaki, M. (2016) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-016-0452-5 · Cited by 9
Tian, H., Ding, C., Gong, J., et al. (2016) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0466-8 · Cited by 10
Hiwatashi, A., Togao, O., Yamashita, K., et al. (2016) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20150755 · Cited by 10
The structure of PTSD in active-duty marines across the deployment cycle.
Boasso, A. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Fox, A. B., Nash, W. P., Larson, J. L., & Litz, B. T. (2016) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000109 · Cited by 10
Gardner, C. L., Flanagan, M. C., Franklin, C., John-Swayers, C., Stacy, W.-P., Bryant, F. J., Romano, C. A., Gibbons, S. W., Jong, M. J. D., Hoang, A., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.06.001 · Cited by 12
Kenyon, K. M., & Eaton, W. O. (2015) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000022 · Cited by 11
González‐Sánchez, M., Velasco‐Ramos, E., Ruiz‐Muñoz, M., & Cuesta‐Vargas, A. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-016-0409-7 · Cited by 10
Relationships Between Spectral Flux, Perceived Rhythmic Strength, And The Propensity To Move
Burger, B., Ahokas, J. R., Keipi, A., et al. (2013) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.850372 · Cited by 10
Tawy, G., & Rowe, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.019 · Cited by 10
de Oliveira, V. B., Carneiro, S. P., & de Oliveira, L. F. (2016) · Research on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1590/2446-4740.04115 · Cited by 10
Maagaard, M., Heiberg, J., Asschenfeldt, B., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezw420 · Cited by 10
Polevoy, C., Muckle, G., Séguin, J. R., Ouellet, E., & Saint‐Amour, D. (2017) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-017-9576-z · Cited by 10
Kim, M. J., Cha, E. S., Ko, Y., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22704 · Cited by 10
Validation of the Mini-OAKHQOL for use in patients with osteoarthritis in Spain
González, M., Bilbao, A., Herrera-Espiñeira, C., García‐Pérez, L., Sarasqueta, C., & Escobar, A. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3611-z · Cited by 10
Niforos, F., Liew, S., Acquilla, R., et al. (2017) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000001088 · Cited by 10
Yu, K. (2017) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2017.3 · Cited by 10
Hedström, E., Ishida, M., Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á., Ryd, D., Sperling, J., Engblom, H., & Nagel, E. C. (2017) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-017-0197-5 · Cited by 10
Whelan, G., Johnston, R., Millward, C., & Edwards, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.05.009 · Cited by 10
Les effets d’une ludification adaptative sur l’engagement des apprenants
Monterrat, B., Lavoué, É., George, S., & Desmarais, M. C. (2017) · Sciences et Technologies de l Information et de la Communication pour l Éducation et la Formation · doi:10.3406/stice.2017.1725 · Cited by 10
DeFrancesco, C. J., Blumberg, T. J., Chauvin, N. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Children s Orthopaedics · doi:10.1302/1863-2548.11.170038 · Cited by 10
Beyond upgrading typologies – In search of a better deal for honey value chains in Brazil
de Figueirêdo, H. S., Meuwissen, M. P. M., van der Lans, I. A., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181391 · Cited by 10
Stacey, M. C., Phillips, S. A., Farrokhyar, F., et al. (2017) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/wrr.12587 · Cited by 10
Reproducibility of length measurements of the lower limb by using EOS™
Clavé, A., Maurer, D., Nagra, N. S., et al. (2017) · MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY · doi:10.1007/s12306-017-0518-4 · Cited by 10
Hostnik, E. T., Scansen, B. A., Habing, A. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Veterinary Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2017.10.003 · Cited by 10
Mattap, S. M., Aitken, D. A., Wills, K. E., et al. (2018) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-018-0402-8 · Cited by 10
Perfume experts' perceptions of body odors: Toward a new lexicon for body odor description
Allen, C., Havlı́ček, J., Williams, K., & Roberts, S. C. (2018) · Journal of Sensory Studies · doi:10.1111/joss.12314 · Cited by 10
The ethnic prejudice of Flemish pupils: the roles of school gender composition and laddish culture
Houtte, M. V., Vervaet, R., Mickelson, R. A., & Stevens, P. A. J. (2018) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2018.1440283 · Cited by 10
Dragojlovic, N., Kim, E., Elliott, A. M., Study, C., Friedman, J. M., & Lynd, L. D. (2018) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.12876 · Cited by 10
O’Donoghue, K., Reed, R. D., Knight, S. R., O'Callaghan, J. M., Ayaz-Shah, A. A., Hassan, S., Weißenbacher, A., Morris, P. J., & Pengel, L. H. M. (2018) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000002255 · Cited by 10
Fate of stable hips after prophylactic femoral varization osteotomy in patients with cerebral palsy
Sung, K. H., Kwon, S.-S., Chung, C. Y., et al. (2018) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-018-2049-z · Cited by 10
The multiple effects of combined tools in computer-based learning environments
Collazo, N. A. J., Elen, J., & Clarebout, G. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.050 · Cited by 11
Perceptions and practice of peer assessments: an empirical investigation
Agrawal, A., & Rajapakse, D. C. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-05-2016-0085 · Cited by 10
Validity of an Automated Balance Error Scoring System
Glass, S. M., Napoli, A., Thompson, E. D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.2018-0056 · Cited by 10
Mussmann, B. R., Andersen, P. E., Torfing, T., et al. (2018) · Acta Radiologica Open · doi:10.1177/2058460118796539 · Cited by 10
Reliable and efficient recording of the error-related negativity with a speeded Eriksen Flanker Task
Suchan, F., Kopf, J., Althen, H., Reif, A., & Plichta, M. M. (2018) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2018.36 · Cited by 11
Radiographic stool quantification: an equivalence study of 484 symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects
Khan, O. I., Shankar, P. R., Parikh, A., et al. (2018) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-018-1869-5 · Cited by 10
The inter‐rater reliability of the Powered Mobility Device Assessment Training Tool
Townsend, K., & Unsworth, C. A. (2019) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12566 · Cited by 10
Murgia, M., Izzo, R., Bettinelli, A., Maggio, C. D., Angelis, M. D., Mangone, M., Paoloni, M., Bernetti, A., Torquati, A., Leuzzi, V., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05314-5 · Cited by 11
Validating the Alberta Context Tool in a multi-site Australian Emergency Department nurse population
Schadewaldt, V., McElduff, B., D’Este, C. A., McInnes, E., Dale, S., Gunaratne, A. W., Squires, J. E., Cadilhac, D. A.-M., & Middleton, S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215153 · Cited by 10
Subiza‐Pérez, M., Vozmediano, L., & Guillén, C. S. J. (2019) · PsyEcology Bilingual Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/21711976.2019.1579472 · Cited by 10
Validation of the Block Walk Method for Assessing Physical Activity occurring on Sidewalks/Streets
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Dominick, G. M., & Plautz, E. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16111927 · Cited by 10
Silverton, N. A., Lee, J. P., Morrissey, C. K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2019.06.010 · Cited by 10
ALIMIl, E., Kalantari, M., Nazeri, A., et al. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Critical review and quality-assessment of cost analyses in radiotherapy: How reliable are the data?
Defourny, N., Monten, C., Grau, C., Lievens, Y. N., & Lionel Perrier, A. (2019) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2019.09.020 · Cited by 11
Marathe, N. A., Dahapute, A. A., Desai, J., et al. (2019) · Asian Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.4103/ajns.ajns_201_19 · Cited by 10
Staulo, A. M. D., Scholtes, S. A., & Salsich, G. B. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1698082 · Cited by 10
Nagata, K., Oshima, Y., Nakamoto, H., Sakamoto, R., Ohtomo, N., Iizuka, M., Nakajima, K., Yoshimoto, T., Fujii, T., Matsudaira, K., et al. (2019) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-019-06249-x · Cited by 10
Min, S., Shin, H. D., Joo, Y.-B., et al. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B · doi:10.1097/bpb.0000000000000699 · Cited by 10
T1rho and T2 mapping of ankle cartilage of female and male ballet dancers
Horiuchi, S., Yu, H. J., Luk, A., et al. (2020) · Acta Radiologica · doi:10.1177/0284185120902381 · Cited by 10
Vervaat, W., Bogen, B. E., & Moe‐Nilssen, R. (2020) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2020.1723150 · Cited by 10
Petersen, H., & Holodynski, M. (2020) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2020.1734909 · Cited by 13
Kolk, A., Overbeek, C. L., de Groot, J. H., et al. (2020) · JSES International · doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2019.11.005 · Cited by 10
Demographic Faultlines in Groups: The Curvilinearly Moderating Effects of Task Interdependence
Kwon, Y., & Junyeong, L. E. E. (2020) · Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business · doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.311 · Cited by 10
The use of a portable metabolic monitoring device for measuring RMR in healthy adults
Yeung, S. S. Y., Trappenburg, M. C., Meskers, C. G. M., Maier, A. B., & Reijnierse, E. M. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520001014 · Cited by 10
Are Groundwater Level Data Collected by Citizen Scientists Trustworthy? A Cautionary Tale
Manda, A. K., Etheridge, R., Grace-McCaskey, C. A., Allen, T. R., & Howard, R. (2020) · Ground Water · doi:10.1111/gwat.13019 · Cited by 10
Seager, A., Meldrum, D., Conroy, R. M., & French, H. (2020) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03691-8 · Cited by 10
Genoux, A., Duparc, T., Ruidavets, J., Ingueneau, C., Najib, S., Ferrières, J., Perret, B., Croyal, M., & Martinez, L. O. (2020) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121300 · Cited by 9
Schulte, N., Götz, F. M., Partsch, F., Goldmann, T., Smidt, L., & Meyer, B. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01245 · Cited by 12
Fahimfar, N., Fotouhi, A., Mansournia, M. A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.103 · Cited by 10
Stark, L., Roberts, L., Yu, G., Tan, T. M., Nagar, A., & Ager, A. (2020) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-020-00301-0 · Cited by 10
Test-Retest Reliability of Static and Countermovement Power Push-Up Tests in Young Male Athletes
Bohannon, N. A., Gillen, Z. M., Shoemaker, M. E., McKay, B. D., Gibson, S. M., & Cramer, J. T. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003684 · Cited by 10
Temmerman, R., Goethals, K., Garmyn, A., Vanantwerpen, G., Vanrobaeys, M., Haesebrouck, F., Antonissen, G., & Devreese, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.570975 · Cited by 10
Gonzalez, M. G., Monticelli, F., García-Martín, D. S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186733 · Cited by 10
Abad, S. K. G., Akhbari, B., Salavati, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.09.005 · Cited by 10
de Frutos-Valle, L., Martín, C., Alarcón, J. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093048 · Cited by 10
Do wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) use tools?
Morton, F. B. (2020) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-020-01430-y · Cited by 10
Examining Rater Performance on the CELBAN Speaking: A Many-Facets Rasch Measurement Analysis
Wang, P., Coetzee, K. L., Strachan, A., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.37213/cjal.2020.30436 · Cited by 10
Dyadic Speech-based Affect Recognition using DAMI-P2C Parent-child Multimodal Interaction Dataset
Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Weninger, F., Picard, R. W., Breazeal, C., & Park, H. (2020) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 10
Xie, S., Masokano, I. B., Liu, W., Long, X., Li, G., Pei, Y., & Li, W. (2020) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109472 · Cited by 10
Napora, J. K., Morris, W. Z., Gilmore, A., et al. (2021) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/01477447-20210201-02 · Cited by 10
Application of the Modified Incremental Step Test for Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Burge, A. T., Rodrigues, J. C., Jr., Abramson, M. J., Cox, N. S., Bondarenko, J., Webb, E., Marceau, T., Handley, E., Macdonald, H., Askin, A., et al. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab044 · Cited by 9
Tomee, S. M., Meijer, C. A., Kies, D. A., et al. (2021) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zraa041 · Cited by 10
Oscillatory visual mechanisms revealed by random temporal sampling
Arguin, M., Ferrandez, R., & Massé, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00685-w · Cited by 10
Wilms, R., Lanwehr, R., & Kastenmüller, A. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09867-5 · Cited by 10
Use of Texture Analysis on Noncontrast MRI in Classification of Early Stage of Liver Fibrosis
Zhao, R., Gong, X., Ge, Y., Zhao, H., Wang, L., Yu, H., & Liu, B. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2021/6677821 · Cited by 11
Montaguti, E., Bellussi, F., Rizzo, R., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100357 · Cited by 10
Cystic fibrosis and noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment methods in children
Enaud, R., Frison, É., Missonnier, S., Fischer, A., de Lédinghen, V., Perez, P., Bui, S., Fayon, M. J., Chateil, J., & Lamireau, T. (2021) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-021-01427-4 · Cited by 9
Granström, H., Langborg, A., Mannion, A. F., & Rasmussen-Barr, E. (2020) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-019-06271-z · Cited by 10
Sutton, E., Brown, J. L., Lowenstein, A. E., & Downer, J. T. (2021) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101975 · Cited by 16
Stocker, D., Hectors, S. J. C. G., Bane, O., et al. (2021) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08068-5 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
