The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 18,301–18,400 of 23,883
Boyette, A. H., Lew‐Levy, S., Miegakanda, V., & Gettler, L. T. (2023) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.005 · Cited by 4
The reliability of simultaneous versus individual data collection during stuttering assessment
Davidow, J. H., Ye, J., & Edge, R. L. (2023) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12860 · Cited by 3
Kiridi, E. K., Oriji, P., Okechukwu, C., et al. (2022) · Nigerian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4103/njm.njm_104_22 · Cited by 3
How Can We Move Advanced Methodology into Practice More Effectively?
Pek, J. C. X., & Bauer, D. J. (2023) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/23727322221144649 · Cited by 3
Lambert, S. M., Doni, S. N., Alembo, D. T., Walker, S. L., NICHOLLS, P. G., & Lockwood, D. N. J. (2023) · Leprosy Review · doi:10.47276/lr.94.1.53 · Cited by 5
Vézina‐Im, L., Beaulieu, D., Turcotte, S., Savard, C., Lemieux, S., Boucher, D., Gallani, M. C. B. J., & Paquette, M.-C. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research · doi:10.3148/cjdpr-2023-002 · Cited by 3
Effect of acoustic noise reduction technology on image quality: a multivendor study
Yamashiro, T., Takatsu, Y., Morita, K., et al. (2023) · Radiological Physics and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12194-023-00712-7 · Cited by 3
Weiß, A., Feldblum, J. T., Altschul, D., et al. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.15083 · Cited by 3
Bradley, A. P., Klawitter, L. A., Carver, E., Johnson, Z., McGrath, R. P., Stastny, S., Christensen, B. K., & Hackney, K. J. (2023) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/rjlx5533 · Cited by 3
Flierman, M., Vriend, E., Leemhuis, A. G., Engelbert, R., & Jeukens‐Visser, M. (2023) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102299 · Cited by 4
Lee, J. W., Oh, M., Choi, M. N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03853-y · Cited by 3
Kakinami, L., Danieles, P. K., Hosseininasabnajar, F., et al. (2023) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-023-03902-9 · Cited by 3
Ball, G. D. C., Sharma, A., Moore, S. A., Metzger, D. L., Klein, D., Morrison, K. M., on behalf of the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry (CANPWR) Investigators, Buchholz, A., Chanoine, J., Hamilton, J. K., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05039-4 · Cited by 3
Letter-sound knowledge in Icelandic children at the age 6 years-old
Thórsdóttir, H. S., Hjaltalín, S. T., & Sigmundsson, H. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103953 · Cited by 3
Discordant results among major histocompatibility complex binding affinity prediction tools
Nguyen, A., Nellore, A., & Thompson, R. F. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.132538.1 · Cited by 5
van der Ark, L. A., Jorgensen, T. D., & ten Hove, D. (2023) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27781-8_1 · Cited by 3
Measurement of Femoral Trochlear Morphology in Dogs Using Ultrasonography
Sasaki, A., Hidaka, Y., Mochizuki, M., et al. (2023) · Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770902 · Cited by 3
Interplay among daily gratitude to God, hassles and uplifts, and positive and negative affect
Park, C. L., & Wilt, J. A. (2023) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2023.2239784 · Cited by 3
Validating the Reliability and Clinical Relevance of an Infraorbital Hollow Photonumeric Scale
Lorenc, Z. P., SMITH, S. R., Bass, L. S., et al. (2023) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum · doi:10.1093/asjof/ojad052 · Cited by 3
A systematic review of neuroimaging approaches to mapping language in individuals
Bajracharya, A., & Peelle, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2023.101163 · Cited by 4
Harrington, M. S., Adeyinka, I. C., & Burkhart, T. A. (2023) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2022-0453 · Cited by 4
Validity and Reliability of a New Developed Digital Version of Nine Hole Peg Test
Prochaska, E., & Ammenwerth, E. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311270 · Cited by 3
Gude, M. F., Kirkegaard, H., Blauenfeldt, R. A., et al. (2023) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s418253 · Cited by 3
Incidentally encoded temporal associations produce priming in implicit memory
Mundorf, A. M. D., Uitvlugt, M. G., & Healey, M. K. (2023) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-023-02351-w · Cited by 3
Rubio, J. M. L., Rivera-Rodríguez, C., Pérez, J., Sepúlveda, C., & Sánchez, F. J. C. (2023) · Women · doi:10.3390/women3040035 · Cited by 3
Steil, R., Weiss, J., Müller‐Engelmann, M., Dittmann, C., Priebe, K., Kleindienst, N., Fydrich, T., & Stangier, U. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2257434 · Cited by 3
Hockett, C., Mayfield, L. M., Gill, C. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000002540 · Cited by 3
Ibrahim, N., Baharudin, N., Mohamad, M., et al. (2023) · Education in Medicine Journal · doi:10.21315/eimj2023.15.3.8 · Cited by 3
Li, J., Wu, K., Ye, D., et al. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10101154 · Cited by 3
Ligero, C. H., Zuriaga, D. S., Martínez-Iranzo, Ú., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2023.050238 · Cited by 3
Unsworth, C. A., & Timmer, A. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20206952 · Cited by 3
Dunphy, K., Lebre, P., Dumaresq, E., Schoenenberger-Howie, S. A., Geipel, J., & Koch, S. C. (2023) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2023.102063 · Cited by 3
The intensities of vowels and plosive bursts and their impact on text intelligibility in singing
Vurma, A., Meister, E., Meister, L., Ross, J., Raju, M., Kala, V., & Dede, T. (2023) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0021968 · Cited by 3
Andrae, D. A., Grace, R. F., Jewett, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-023-00650-3 · Cited by 3
Kohen, C. B., Spychala, K. M., Davis‐Stober, C. P., Piasecki, T. M., & Bartholow, B. D. (2023) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000967 · Cited by 3
Zapata-Restrepo, J. R., Longworth, G. R., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Dall, P., Skelton, D. A., Torné, S. M., & Giné‐Garriga, M. (2023) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2023.2286724 · Cited by 3
Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Karşı Prososyal Davranış Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
BURAK, Y., Acar, İ. H., & Özdemir, E. (2023) · Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.52826/mcbuefd.1340019 · Cited by 3
Emotion-performance relationship in safety-critical human-machine systems
Schmitz-Hübsch, A., Becker, R., & Wirzberger, M. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100364 · Cited by 3
Impact of different cephalometric skeletal configurations on anatomic midface parameters in adults
Willershausen, I., Ehrenfried, A., Krautkremer, F., et al. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-05472-7 · Cited by 3
Önal, G. K., & Güçyeter, B. (2024) · International Journal of Technology and Design Education · doi:10.1007/s10798-023-09873-3 · Cited by 3
ArUco‐based stylus reliability for reproductible 3D digitalisation of shoulder cartilage contours
Moissenet, F., Kulanesan, C. E., Co, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13987 · Cited by 3
Lefrançois, J., Otis, C., Moreau, M., et al. (2024) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1111/vde.13232 · Cited by 3
Higa-McMillan, C. K., Park, A. L., Daleiden, E. L., Becker, K. D., Bernstein, A., & Chorpita, B. F. (2024) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-023-01329-z · Cited by 3
Suksri, T. (2022) · Chulalongkorn Medical Journal · doi:10.58837/chula.cmj.66.4.5 · Cited by 3
Meckling, H. I., Nauta, M. H., van Hout, W. J. P. J., & Wessel, I. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2024.2307925 · Cited by 5
Cortisol interdependence during psychotherapy in major depressive disorder
Levi, E., Peysachov, G., Admon, R., & Zilcha‐Mano, S. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106983 · Cited by 3
Jackson, L. E., Saag, K. G., Johnson, S. R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1093/jbmr/zjae019 · Cited by 3
Impacts of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in macaques
Rey, A., Padrell, M., & Llorente, M. (2024) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.144232.1 · Cited by 2
Aily, J. B., da Silva, A. C., Noronha, M. A. D., et al. (2024) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzae039 · Cited by 3
Lindig, A., Mannagottera, L., Hahlweg, P., Sigl, H., Klimesch, A., Zeh, S., Kriston, L., & Scholl, I. (2024) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.14030 · Cited by 3
Liu, M., Zhao, S., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3473 · Cited by 3
Dierckens, M., Deforche, B. I., Clercq, B. D., Weinberg, D., Stevens, G. W. J. M., Chatelan, A., Rouche, M., Clays, E., & Delaruelle, K. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107339 · Cited by 4
Özçelep, Ö. F., Yavuzer, M. G., & TUNALI, A. N. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.58047 · Cited by 3
Esposto, M., Pellicciari, L., Cecchetto, S., Chiarotto, A., Testa, M., Turolla, A., & Polli, A. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102957 · Cited by 3
What defines Traits, Reputations, and Identity? Personality item content in multi-rater judgments
Wiedenroth, A., Connelly, B. S., McAbee, S. T., & Fang, R. T. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241236865 · Cited by 3
Sasagawa, K., Kawabata, M., Takaki, N., Tsuruike, M., Ellenbecker, T. S., Tsuihiji, Y., Watanabe, H. A., Takahira, N., & Hirose, N. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.59139 · Cited by 4
Yin, R., Dou, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, C., Li, H., Jian, X., et al. (2024) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2024.04.024 · Cited by 3
Haller, S. P., Stoddard, J., Cárdenas, S. I., Dombek, K., MacGillivray, C., Botz-Zapp, C. A., Bui, H. N. T., Stavish, C. M., Kircanski, K., Jones, M., et al. (2024) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsae034 · Cited by 3
Murawa, M., Krakowiak, W., & Kabaciński, J. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14114843 · Cited by 5
Uglik‐Marucha, N., Siepsiak, M., Zielińska, J., Dragan, W. Ł., Gregory, J. E., & Vitoratou, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372870 · Cited by 3
Senyei, G. D., Sagar, A.-E. S., Tran, B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology · doi:10.1097/lbr.0000000000000969 · Cited by 3
Maternal depressive symptom trajectories and associations with child feeding
Fox, K., Hart, C. N., Phelan, S., Ventura, A. K., Wing, R. R., & Jelalian, E. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19110-8 · Cited by 3
Teriparatide Does not Have Beneficial Effects on Bone Healing in Complete Atypical Femur Fractures
Song, G., Jeong, Y., Nam, W. D., & Kim, K.-H. (2024) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-024-01244-x · Cited by 3
Delsmann, M. M., Delsmann, J., Jandl, N. M., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64591-7 · Cited by 3
Zhai, J., & Aryadoust, V. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09392-z · Cited by 5
Sobieski, M., Wrona, S., Flakus, M., Pierchała, K., Sobieska, A., Podgórska, K., Wołowicz, A., Sekułowicz, M., & Bujnowska–Fedak, M. M. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102454 · Cited by 7
Hays, R. D., Edelen, M. O., Rodriguez, A., Qureshi, N., Feeny, D. F., & Herman, P. M. (2024) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-024-00749-1 · Cited by 3
Segmentation of Anterior and Posterior Chambers on UBM Images by Fuzzy Clustering
Yao, Y., Wang, X., You, X., et al. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3430973 · Cited by 3
A novel adapted MRI-based scheme for Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia
Jian-Lüssi, N., Pfirrmann, C. W. A., Buck, F. M., et al. (2024) · Skeletal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00256-024-04748-7 · Cited by 3
Is Recognition of Speech in Noise Related to Memory Disruption Caused by Irrelevant Sound?
Oberfeld, D., Staab, K., Kattner, F., & Ellermeier, W. (2024) · Trends in Hearing · doi:10.1177/23312165241262517 · Cited by 4
ten Harkel, T. C., Bielevelt, F., Marres, H. A. M., Ingels, K. J. A. O., Maal, T., & Speksnijder, C. M. (2024) · European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2024.07.005 · Cited by 4
Queirós, C., Gonçalves, M., Ferreira, S., et al. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12080269 · Cited by 3
López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva, I., Fabero‐Garrido, R., Rivera, E. A. R., et al. (2024) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzae124 · Cited by 3
Quality control of elbow joint radiography using a YOLOv8-based artificial intelligence technology
Lai, Q., Chen, W., Ding, X., et al. (2024) · European Radiology Experimental · doi:10.1186/s41747-024-00504-7 · Cited by 3
AUEditNet: Dual-Branch Facial Action Unit Intensity Manipulation with Implicit Disentanglement
Jin, S., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Liu, P., Bi, N., & Nguyen, T. Q. (2024) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00205 · Cited by 3
Ou, J., Zhou, H., Qin, H.-L., Wang, Y.-S., Gou, Y.-Q., Luo, H., Zhang, X., & Chen, T. (2024) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111763 · Cited by 3
Resolving the Controversy Surrounding the Function of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle
Muñoz‐Gonzalez, C., & Fakih‐Gomez, N. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04454-8 · Cited by 3
Validity and reliability of running gait measurement with the ViMove2 system
Mason, R., Barry, G., Hall, G., Godfrey, A., & Stuart, S. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312952 · Cited by 4
Hansen, A., Lauridsen, H. H., Escorpizo, R. S., Søgaard, K., Søndergaard, J., Schiøttz‐Christensen, B., & Mortensen, O. S. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-024-10248-1 · Cited by 3
Yoon, M., Kim, H., Yoo, Y. J., et al. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109366 · Cited by 3
Delineating a Pathway for the Discovery of Functional Connectome Biomarkers of Autism
Park, S., Thomson, P., Kiar, G., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., Bernhardt, B. C., & Martino, A. D. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_18 · Cited by 3
Understanding the role of virtual mobility on how and what people create in virtual reality
Han, E., Wang, P., DeVeaux, C., et al. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101699 · Cited by 3
Hall, W. J., Dawes, H., Hannay, J. W., Williams, D., Frey, J. J., Srivastava, A., Chapman, M. V., Chen, D.-G., Wilson, A., Ramon, M. E., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1385410 · Cited by 2
Metoyer, C. J., Sullivan, K. W., Winchester, L. J., Richardson, M. T., Esco, M. R., & Fedewa, M. V. (2024) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2024.2434232 · Cited by 3
Balas, M., Kaplan, A., Esmail, K., Saleh, S., Sharma, R. A., Yan, P., & Arjmand, P. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.11.003 · Cited by 3
Llodio, I., Yanci, J., Usandizaga, M., Larrea, A., Iturricastillo, A., Cámara, J., & Granados, C. (2024) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10010009 · Cited by 3
One-week test–retest stability of heart rate variability during rest and deep breathing
Schumann, A., Lukas, F., Rieger, K., Gupta, Y., & Bär, K.-J. (2025) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/adae51 · Cited by 3
Interrater Reliability for Interdependent Social Network Data: A Generalizability Theory Approach
ten Hove, D., Jorgensen, T. D., & van der Ark, L. A. (2025) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2024.2444940 · Cited by 3
Ogata, Y., Tezuka, M., Fujiwara, Y., et al. (2025) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000544775 · Cited by 3
Remote Assessment of Pediatric Anthropometrics
Ho, E., Ece, B., Tuladhar, Z., Zola, A. R., Kupczyk, M. E., Adair, L. S., & Gershon, R. C. (2025) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-067663 · Cited by 3
Cazón, L. I., Paredes, J. A., González, N. R., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Plant Pathology · doi:10.1007/s10658-025-03016-1 · Cited by 3
Jin, J., Xiao, Q., Liu, Y., Xu, T. H., & Shen, Q. (2025) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaf058 · Cited by 3
Tong, L. K., Li, Y. Y., Liu, Y. B., Zheng, M. R., Fu, G. L., & Au, M. L. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100321 · Cited by 3
Advances in Noncontact Measurement of Wound Area Using an Application for Smart Mobile Devices
Tambella, A. M., Galosi, M., Angorini, A., et al. (2025) · Advances in Skin & Wound Care · doi:10.1097/asw.0000000000000296 · Cited by 3
Agboada, D., Rethwilm, R., Seiberl, W., & Mack, W. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149715 · Cited by 3
Özdemir, M., Sincer, S., ÖTKEN, Ş., Vural, G., & Çiftçi, K. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102648 · Cited by 3
Lan, L. B., Woon, L. K., Wah, S. T., Weni, M., Jye, T. S., Abdullah, N. A., Tanzini, L., Cigni, C., Grimolizzi, F., & Bellia, G. (2025) · Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing · doi:10.1097/psn.0000000000000609 · Cited by 3
Yu, A. C., & Cimino, J. J. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Reliability-Related Issues in the Context of Student Evaluations of Teaching in Higher Education
Kalender, İ. (2015) · International Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v4n3p44 · Cited by 3
An Objective Rating Form to Evaluate Grant Proposals to the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health
Whaley, A. L. (2006) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x06288737 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
