The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 18,501–18,600 of 23,883
Clinical trial variability: Quality control in a randomized clinical trial
McGregor, M., Cambron, J. A., Jedlicka, J., et al. (2008) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2008.08.004 · Cited by 3
Herlin, G., Lundell, L. R., Öst, Å., et al. (2012) · Radiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2012/415616 · Cited by 3
Lin, H.-S., Lu, H., Chen, Y., Lu, T., & Huang, Y.-D. (2015) · Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jds.2014.08.003 · Cited by 3
Choi, W.-S., Lee, K.-H., Lee, C., et al. (2014) · Journal of the Korean Society for Surgery of the Hand · doi:10.12790/jkssh.2014.19.1.1 · Cited by 3
Macular Thickness in Healthy Korean Eyes Using OCT3 Comparing with Normative Data
Yoon, S., Lee, D. Y., & Nam, D. H. (2008) · Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society · doi:10.3341/jkos.2008.49.4.601 · Cited by 3
Bataillard, A., Fervers, B., Durieux, P., et al. (2004) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99097-9 · Cited by 3
Haut potentiel, créativité et personnalité
Grégoire, J. C., Vlieghe, M., & Lebrun, E. (2010) · Enfance · doi:10.4074/s0013754510001084 · Cited by 7
Houenou, J., Szöke, A., Méary, A., et al. (2007) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2006.08.002 · Cited by 3
Morfologia e Crescimento dos 6 aos 10 anos de idade em Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Rodrigues, L. P., Bezerra, P., & Saraiva, L. (2008) · Motricidade · doi:10.6063/motricidade.4(3).268 · Cited by 3
Hu, Z., Follmann, D. A., Qin, J., Dewar, R. L., & Sangweni, P. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3298 · Cited by 3
Kim, K. C., Rhee, Y. G., Park, J. Y., et al. (2013) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-013-2671-0 · Cited by 3
Manifold alignment using curvature information
Mavadati, S. M., Mahoor, M. H., & Zhang, X. (2013) · International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ) · doi:10.1109/ivcnz.2013.6726993 · Cited by 3
Reliability of a Measure of Muscle Extensibility in Fullterm and Preterm Newborns
Grant-Beuttler, M., Leininger, P. M., & Palisano, R. J. (2004) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1300/j006v24n01_07 · Cited by 3
Dimensions of Delusional Experience Scale: A Psychometric Evaluation of a German Version
Büche, L., Gentner, N. C., Kaiser, S., von Bock, A., Grupe, S., Joest, K., Barthel, A., Vedder, H., Mundt, C., & Kronmüller, K. (2010) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000304175 · Cited by 4
Jackson, R. L., & Beers, P. A. (1988) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515078808251417 · Cited by 3
Interpersonal Assessment of Borderline Personality Disorder: Preliminary Findings
Kosson, D. S., Walsh, Z., Rosenthal, M. Z., & Lynch, T. R. (2014) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2014.983271 · Cited by 3
Jokubkiene, L., Sladkevicius, P., & Valentin, L. (2007) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000261651.84161.92 · Cited by 3
Validation of the Revised Child Version of the Assessment of Computer Task Performance
Dumont, C., & Mazer, B. L. (2008) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1080/01942630802224967 · Cited by 3
Usefulness of Coronal MR Image in Diagnosis of Foraminal and Extraforaminal Disc Herniation
Kim, M., Suh, K., Lee, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Korean society of spine surgery · doi:10.4184/jkss.2008.15.3.165 · Cited by 3
Visual grading of 2D and 3D functional MRI compared with image-based descriptive measures
Ragnehed, M., Leinhard, O. D., Pihlsgård, J., et al. (2009) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-009-1578-0 · Cited by 3
Cannizzaro, M. S., Allen, E. M., & Prelock, P. (2011) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2011.596571 · Cited by 3
Inter-analyst Variability in Swimming Competition Analysis
Hudson, C. (2014) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.032 · Cited by 3
Validierung der deutschen Version des Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS)
Becher, C., van Bergen, C. J. A., Sierevelt, I. N., et al. (2014) · Fuß & Sprunggelenk · doi:10.1016/j.fuspru.2014.10.001 · Cited by 3
Dynamic control of the lumbopelvic complex; lack of reliability of established test procedures
Henriksen, M., Lund, H., Bliddal, H., et al. (2006) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0198-5 · Cited by 3
Baker, H., Brown, R., & Tluczek, A. (2012) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3
Automating open educational resources assessments
Leary, H., Recker, M. M., Walker, A. E., et al. (2011) · doi:10.1145/1998076.1998129 · Cited by 3
Accuracy of Visual Estimates of Partial Flexor Tendon Lacerations
Pritsch, T., Wong, C. J., & Sammer, D. M. (2015) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.09.009 · Cited by 3
Lafond, D., Dimmock, M., Champagne, A., et al. (2009) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593980902776589 · Cited by 3
Repeatability and Reproducibility of A-Scan Biometry Quantitative Findings
Tsinopoulos, I., Tsaousis, K. T., Symeonidis, C., Chalvatzis, N. T., & Dimitrakos, S. A. (2009) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.1080/02713680902913014 · Cited by 3
Loss of Pleasure of Life: Conceptual, Vocational, and Forensic Perspectives
Berlá, E. P., Andrews, P., & Berlá, K. A. (1999) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/106907279900700307 · Cited by 3
Accuracy of a Pedometer and an Accelerometer in Women with Obesity
Wiklund, M. (2012) · The Open Obesity Journal · doi:10.2174/1876823701204010011 · Cited by 3
Yun, B. L., Kim, S. M., Kim, S. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.7863/ultra.34.5.749 · Cited by 3
Validation de la version française du questionnaire Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)
Fayad, F., Lefèvre‐Colau, M., Macé, Y., Fermanian, J., Mayoux-Benhamou, A., Rören, A., Rannou, F., Roby-Brami, A., Gautheron, V., Revel, M., et al. (2008) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2007.04.026 · Cited by 3
Intertester Agreement in Static Resistance Measurement Using a Simple Uniaxial Dynamometer
Dvir, Z., Bar‐Haim, S., & Arbel, N. (1990) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1080/j006v10n03_04 · Cited by 3
Verhaltensbeobachtungen in dyadischen Interaktionssituationen
Spinath, B., & Spinath, F. M. (2004) · Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/0170-1789.25.2.105 · Cited by 3
Student musicians' perception of loudness and how it correlates to the measured level
Moore, A. (2010) · Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) · Cited by 3
Ultrasound estimated bladder weight in asymptomatic adult females.
Al-Shaikh, G. K., & Al-Mandeel, H. M. (2012) · Urology journal./Urology jornal. · Cited by 3
Mitarbeiteremotionen als Steuerungsgröße des Dienstleistungserfolges
Hennig‐Thurau, T., & Paul, M. (2007) · Gabler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-9544-5_21 · Cited by 3
Lagumen, N. G., Butterwick, D. J., Paskevich, D. M., et al. (2008) · Athletic Training Education Journal · doi:10.4085/1947-380x-3.3.91 · Cited by 3
Relative and absolute reliability of measures of linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in human plasma
Gouveia-Figueira, S. C., Bosson, J. A., Unosson, J., Behndig, A., Nording, M. L., & Fowler, C. J. (2015) · Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators · doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.10.003 · Cited by 3
The Reliability of Crowdsource Grading in a Creative Marketing Project Context
Duverger, P., & Steffes, E. M. (2012) · Journal for advancement of marketing education · doi:10.63963/001c.150620 · Cited by 4
Document Title: A Model of Static and Dynamic Sex Offender Risk Assessment
McGrath, R. J., Lasher, M. P., & Cumming, G. F. (2011) · Cited by 3
Anthropomorphic media and children's biological knowledge
Geerdts, M. S. (2014) · doi:10.7282/t32z13rv · Cited by 3
Describing and Modeling Panel Data
Andreß, H., Golsch, K., & Schmidt, A. W. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32914-2_3 · Cited by 3
Un instrument de mesure des progrès cliniques pour des patients psychotiques violents
Millaud, F., Auclair, N., Guay, J., & McKibben, A. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705201108 · Cited by 3
Inter-rater reliability of measures to characterize the tobacco retail environment in Mexico
Hall, M. G., Kollath‐Cattano, C., Reynales-Shigematsu, L. M., et al. (2015) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.21149/spm.v57i6.7640 · Cited by 3
Reliability of Manual Assessments in Determining the Types of Vegetation on Railway Tracks
Yella, S., Nyberg, R. G., Gupta, N. K., et al. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26187-4_37 · Cited by 3
Kang, M. J. (2005) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 3
Kwak, C., Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2016) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2016.656 · Cited by 7
Saxton, K. (2011) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.2501/jar-51-2-380-393 · Cited by 3
Mechanisms of Orthopnea in Stable Obese Subjects
Perino, É., Nesme, P., Germain, M., & Guérin, C. (2016) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.04146 · Cited by 3
Voice response system to measure healthcare costs: a STAR*D report.
Kashner, T. M., Trivedi, M. H., Wicker, A. B., D, M. F. M., Greist, J. H., Mundt, J. C., Shores‐Wilson, K., Rush, A. J., & Wisniewski, S. R. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Rodrigues, L. P., Angélico, S., Saraiva, L., & Bezerra, P. (2007) · Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto · doi:10.5628/rpcd.07.03.347 · Cited by 3
Alderighi, M., Ferrari, R., Maghini, I., Felice, A. D., & Masiero, S. (2016) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-160704 · Cited by 3
Ridge, T., & Irrgang, J. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044306701-3.50063-3 · Cited by 3
Assessment of Distress, Disorder, Impairment, and Need in the Population
Eaton, W. W., Mojtabai, R., Stuart, E. A., Leoutsakos, J., & Kuramoto, S. J. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0004 · Cited by 3
Horimizu, Y., Kimoto, M., Terui, Y., TAKAHASHI, A., Fukui, T., & Shioya, T. (2016) · Rigakuryoho Kagaku · doi:10.1589/rika.31.591 · Cited by 3
Sfoungaristos, S., Mykoniatis, I., Isid, A., et al. (2016) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.014 · Cited by 3
Research on the Stability of Plantar Pressure Under Normal Walking Condition
Han, D., Tang, Y., & Guo, W. P. (2016) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3002-4_20 · Cited by 3
Bridging the Gap 10 Years Later
Beasley, J. G., Briggs, C. J., & Pennington, L. (2017) · Gifted Child Today · doi:10.1177/1076217516675902 · Cited by 3
Kennedy, M. D., Steinback, C. D., Skow, R. J., et al. (2017) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2017.9.3.229 · Cited by 3
Heule, R., Pfeuffer, J., & Bieri, O. (2017) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.26746 · Cited by 3
Construct Validity Evidence for Multisource Performance Ratings: Is Interrater Reliability Enough?
Ock, J. (2016) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1017/iop.2016.19 · Cited by 3
Paradoxical puborectalis syndrome on diffusion-weighted imaging: a retrospective study of 72 cases
Liu, G., Cui, Z., Dai, Y., Yao, Q., Xu, J., & Wu, G. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03127-8 · Cited by 3
Constructing Scoring Rubrics: Using "Facets" To Study Design Features of Descriptive Rating Scales.
Myford, C. M. (1996) · Cited by 3
Effects of adults’ contingent responding on infants’ behavior in ambiguous situations
Stenberg, G. (2017) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.07.001 · Cited by 4
Validade da informação sobre o peso ao nascer para estudos fundamentados na programação fetal
de Noronha, G. A., Kale, P. L., de Torres, T. Z. G., Costa, A. J. L., Cavalcanti, M. D. L. T., & Szklo, M. (2017) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00051816 · Cited by 3
Berg, S. A., Yeung, H., English, J. C., Keimig, E., Kim, E. J., Micheletti, R. G., Wanat, K. A., Judson, M. A., Baughman, R. P., & Rosenbach, M. A. (2017) · Sarcoidosis vasculitis and diffuse lung diseases · doi:10.36141/svdld.v34i2.5434 · Cited by 3
The Challenges Of Young-typed Jobs And How Older Workers Adapt
Reeves, M. D. (2013) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 3
Gutbrod, K. (2011) · Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) · Cited by 3
The Relationship between Violent Video Games Exposure and School Behavior Problems in Qatari Schools
Hasan, Y. (2017) · American Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.12691/ajap-5-2-5 · Cited by 3
I-123-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with neuroblastoma
Amthauer, H., Furth, C., Hundsdoerfer, P., et al. (2018) · Nuklearmedizin - NuclearMedicine · doi:10.3413/nukmed-0940-17-11 · Cited by 3
Depressive Symptoms, Criticism, and Counter‐Criticism in Marital Interactions
Trombello, J. M., Post, K. M., & Smith, D. A. (2018) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12349 · Cited by 3
Experimental measurement of forces during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy
Pancani, S., Virga, A., Spina, R., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0954411918757813 · Cited by 3
Assessing Level of Personality Organization With the Psychodiagnostic Chart: A Validity Study
Hinrichs, J., Dauphin, V. B., Munday, C. C., Porcerelli, J. H., Kamoo, R., & Christian-Kliger, P. (2018) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2018.1436062 · Cited by 5
Shorey, S., Wang, W., Yang, Y. Y., & Yobas, P. K. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1022-7 · Cited by 3
Bagarinao, E., Tsuzuki, E., Yoshida, Y., Ozawa, Y., Kuzuya, M., Otani, T., Koyama, S., Isoda, H., Watanabe, H., Maesawa, S., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00148 · Cited by 3
Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes em álcool e outras drogas: construção e validação
Nóbrega, M. D. P. S. D. S., Munhoz, R. I., & Rovarotto, J. (2018) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/s1980-220x2017020603324 · Cited by 3
Gagné, M., Moisan, J., Lauzier, S., Hamel, C., Côté, P., Bourbeau, J., & Boulet, L. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3284-6 · Cited by 5
You really are too kind: implications regarding friendly submissiveness in trainee therapists
Cain, L. A., Perkey, H., Widner, S. C., Johnson, J. A., Hoffman, Z. T., & Slavin‐Mulford, J. M. (2018) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2018.312 · Cited by 3
Comuth, W., Lauridsen, H. H., Kristensen, S. D., et al. (2018) · TH Open · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1670631 · Cited by 3
The Role of Common-Sense Knowledge in Assessing Semantic Association
Ruggeri, A., Di, L., & Guido Boella, A. (2018) · Journal on Data Semantics · doi:10.1007/s13740-018-0094-2 · Cited by 3
Korakakis, V., O’Sullivan, K., Sotiralis, Y., Karanasios, S., Sideris, V., Sideris, A., Sakellariou, K., & Giakas, G. (2018) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2018.1503719 · Cited by 3
Peterson, J. L., DeHart, T., Bellows, A., Giguere, B., & Sherman, J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.09.006 · Cited by 4
Plate, A., Maiostre, J., Levin, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.12.001 · Cited by 3
Forbes, R., & Mandrusiak, A. (2018) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000074 · Cited by 3
Christensen, J., Tang, L. H., Doherty, P., Langhorn, C., & Langberg, H. (2019) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2019.1578824 · Cited by 3
Characterization of Arousals in Polysomnography Using the Statistical Significance of Power Change
Liu, J. V., & Yaggi, H. K. (2018) · IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium · doi:10.1109/spmb.2018.8615603 · Cited by 3
Shah, C., Grover, A. S., Dhore, P., Shukla, A., Abraham, P., & Bhatia, S. J. (2019) · JGH Open · doi:10.1002/jgh3.12143 · Cited by 3
Çamveren, H., & Vatan, F. (2019) · Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.24106/kefdergi.2255 · Cited by 3
Stability of radiomic features of liver lesions from manual delineation in CT scans
Moltz, J. H. (2019) · SPIE Medical Imaging: Computer-Aided Diagnosis · doi:10.1117/12.2512406 · Cited by 3
Amedo, A. O., Koomson, N. Y., Kobia‐Acquah, E., et al. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1177/2515841419827268 · Cited by 3
Valério, C. S., Cardoso, C. A. E. A., & Manzi, F. R. (2019) · Imaging Science in Dentistry · doi:10.5624/isd.2019.49.1.9 · Cited by 3
Kanai, Y., Mutsuzaki, H., & Komuro, T. (2019) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.31.449 · Cited by 3
Urinary Angiotensinogen Predicts Renal Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis
Shi, M. Q., Luo, W., Feng, X., et al. (2019) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2019.7782 · Cited by 3
Kim, J., Kim, J., Yeo, I., et al. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016106 · Cited by 3
Toward the Development of a Quick, Reliable Assessment Tool for Reflective Journals
Garrity, A. W., Keck, C. S., Bradshaw, J. L., et al. (2019) · doi:10.30707/tlcsd3.2garrity · Cited by 3
Trigg, A., Chan, E. K. H., Kitchen, H., et al. (2019) · Journal of health economics and outcomes research · doi:10.36469/9675 · Cited by 3
Alrowayeh, H. N. (2019) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2019.1667793 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
