The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 5,401–5,500 of 23,883
The internal structure of English transitive sentences
Corrigan, R. (1986) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197017 · Cited by 52
Analyzing Biases in Human Perception of User Age and Gender from Text
Flek, L., Carpenter, J. M., Giorgi, S., Ungar, L., & Preoțiuc-Pietro, D. (2016) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1080 · Cited by 55
FloWave.US: validated, open-source, and flexible software for ultrasound blood flow analysis
Coolbaugh, C. L., Bush, E., Caskey, C. F., et al. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00819.2015 · Cited by 52
Gwinner, C., Fuchs, M. A., Sentuerk, U., Perka, C., Walter, T., Schatka, I., & Rogasch, J. M. M. (2019) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-019-03201-y · Cited by 52
Mani, S., Sharma, S., & Singh, D. K. A. (2019) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x19861802 · Cited by 54
The Effect of Modality and Landmark Selection on MRI and CT Femoral Torsion Angles
Schmaranzer, F., Kallini, J. R., Miller, P. E., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020192723 · Cited by 52
Martin, A. R., Jentzsch, T., Wilson, J. R. F., et al. (2021) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000003956 · Cited by 52
The effect of CEO regulatory focus on changes to investments in R&D
Scoresby, R. B., Withers, M. C., & Ireland, R. (2021) · The Journal of product innovation management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12591 · Cited by 48
Effects of transdisciplinary STEAM lessons on student critical and creative thinking
Wilson, H. E., Song, H., Johnson, J. M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2021.1975090 · Cited by 52
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Computed Tomography Radiomics for Pulmonary Nodules
Peng, X., Yang, S., Zhou, L., Mei, Y., Shi, L., Zhang, R., Shan, F., & Liu, L. (2021) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000000834 · Cited by 50
Mateo‐March, M., Moya‐Ramón, M., Javaloyes, A., Sánchez‐Muñoz, C., & Clemente‐Suárez, V. J. (2022) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2022.2047228 · Cited by 58
Taylor, C., Kopicko, B. H., Negro, F., & Thompson, C. K. (2022) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102675 · Cited by 52
Fordham, D. E., Rosentraub, D., Polsky, A. L., Aviram, T., Wolf, Y., Perl, O., Devir, A., Rosentraub, S., Silver, D. H., Zamir, Y. G., et al. (2022) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac171 · Cited by 52
Khademi, A. (2023) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.28 · Cited by 72
Kroh, J., Globocnik, D., Schultz, C., Holdhof, F., & Salomo, S. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122942 · Cited by 62
Design and development of rubrics to improve assessment outcomes
Reddy, M. Y. (2011) · Quality Assurance in Education · doi:10.1108/09684881111107771 · Cited by 52
Impact of Analysis Methods on the Reproducibility and Reliability of Resting-State Networks
Franco, A. R., Mannell, M. V., Calhoun, V. D., & Mayer, A. R. (2013) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2012.0134 · Cited by 63
Inter-rater reliability of manual and automated region-of-interest delineation for PiB PET
Rosario, B. L., Weissfeld, L. A., Laymon, C. M., Mathis, C. A., Klunk, W. E., Berginc, M., James, J. A., Hoge, J. A., & Price, J. C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.070 · Cited by 52
Nie, L. H., Sanchez, S., Newton, K., Grodzins, L., Cleveland, R. O., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/3/n01 · Cited by 52
Bhatia, K. S. S., Tong, C. S. L., Cho, C. C. M., et al. (2012) · Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1325330 · Cited by 52
Plasma clozapine levels and clinical response in treatment-refractory Chinese schizophrenic patients
Wong, J. O.-Y., Leung, S.-P., Mak, T. W. L., et al. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.10.008 · Cited by 52
Uher, J., Werner, C. S., & Gosselt, K. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.03.006 · Cited by 51
Uher, J., Addessi, E., & Visalberghi, E. M. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.013 · Cited by 52
Intrinsic Factors Associated With Exercise-Related Leg Pain in Collegiate Cross-Country Runners
Reinking, M. F., & Hayes, A. M. (2005) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jsm.0000188041.04760.d2 · Cited by 52
Mezue, M., Segerdahl, A. R., Okell, T. W., Chappell, M. A., Kelly, M. E., & Tracey, I. (2014) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.163 · Cited by 52
Meins, E., McCarthy‐Jones, S., Fernyhough, C., Lewis, G., Bentall, R. P., & Alloy, L. B. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.026 · Cited by 52
Thompson, B. J., Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., Costa, P. B., Walter, A. A., Sobolewski, E. J., & Cramer, J. T. (2012) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.05.008 · Cited by 52
Reliability of the nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII) threshold and association with Pain threshold
Micalos, P. S., Drinkwater, E. J., Cannon, J., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., & Marino, F. E. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0872-x · Cited by 52
A Spectrographically Grounded Scale for Evaluating Reading Expressiveness
Benjamin, R. G., Schwanenflugel, P. J., Meisinger, E. B., Groff, C., Kuhn, M. R., & Steiner, L. M. (2013) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.43 · Cited by 57
Sensemaking in military planning: a methodological study of command teams
Jensen, E. (2007) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-007-0084-x · Cited by 60
Sions, J. M., Velasco, T. O., Teyhen, D. S., & Hicks, G. E. (2014) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4584 · Cited by 52
Cruz‐Díaz, D., Lomas‐Vega, R., Osuna‐Pérez, M. C., Hita‐Contreras, F., Díaz‐Fernández, Á., & Martínez‐Amat, A. (2014) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.890673 · Cited by 52
Baltich, J., von Tscharner, V., Zandiyeh, P., & Nigg, B. M. (2014) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.208 · Cited by 52
The influence of calculation method on estimates of cerebral critical closing pressure
Panerai, R. B., Salinet, A. S. M., Brodie, F. G., & Robinson, T. G. (2011) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/32/4/007 · Cited by 52
Genetic variation of contact dermatitis in broilers
Ask, B. (2010) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00496 · Cited by 52
Olino, T. M., Yu, L., McMakin, D. L., Forbes, E. E., Seeley, J. R., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9756-6 · Cited by 56
Preus, H. R., Gunleiksrud, T. M., Sandvik, L., Gjermo, P. E., & Bælum, V. (2012) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2012.120400 · Cited by 52
Shin, S.-H. (2014) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.890658 · Cited by 51
Tracking and determinants of subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: the Generation R Study
Ay, L., Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S., Mook‐Kanamori, D. O., Albert Hofman, D., Moll, H. A., Mackenbach, J. P., Witteman, J. C. M., Steegers, E. A. P., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.76 · Cited by 52
Kato, A., Takada, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-014-0179-z · Cited by 52
Min, S.-H., Kim, M., Seo, J.-B., et al. (2009) · Asian Spine Journal · doi:10.4184/asj.2009.3.2.89 · Cited by 52
Sharifirad, M. S. (2016) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-05-2014-0092 · Cited by 58
Montilla-Ibáñez, A., Martínez‐Amat, A., Lomas‐Vega, R., Cruz‐Díaz, D., la Torre‐Cruz, M. J. D., Casuso, R. A., & Hita‐Contreras, F. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2016.1161087 · Cited by 56
McLeod, B. D., Smith, M. M., Southam‐Gerow, M. A., Weisz, J. R., & Kendall, P. C. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000037 · Cited by 53
Test–Retest Reliability of Robotic Assessment Measures for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Recovery
Colombo, R., Cusmano, I., Sterpi, I., Mazzone, A., Delconte, C., & Pisano, F. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2014.2306571 · Cited by 56
Blackledge, M., Tunariu, N., Orton, M. R., Padhani, A. R., Collins, D. J., Leach, M. O., & Koh, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153840 · Cited by 52
Reliability and Validity of a New Objective Tool for Low Back Pain Functional Assessment
Zuriaga, D. S., López-Pascual, J., Garrido-Jaén, D., de Moya, M. F. P., & Prat-Pastor, J. M. (2011) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181f471d8 · Cited by 52
Insufficient accuracy of the ultrasound-based determination of Achilles tendon cross-sectional area
Böhm, S., Mersmann, F., Schroll, A., Mäkitalo, N., & Arampatzis, A. (2016) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.07.002 · Cited by 52
Langarika-Rocafort, A., Emparanza, J. I., Aramendi, J. F., Castellano, J., & Calleja-González, J. (2016) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.06.010 · Cited by 52
Hookey, L. C., Louw, J., Wiepjes, M., et al. (2016) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.07.028 · Cited by 52
Stewart, S., Dalbeth, N., Vandal, A. C., et al. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23082 · Cited by 52
Friedman, L., Nixon, M. S., & Komogortsev, O. V. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178501 · Cited by 52
Donnelly, L., Donovan, L., Hart, J. M., et al. (2017) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/1071100717701231 · Cited by 52
Tsang, S. M. H., Szeto, G. P. Y., Li, L. M. K., Wong, D. C. M., Yip, M. M. P., & Lee, R. (2017) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1515-3 · Cited by 53
Rijkenberg, S., Stilma, W., Bosman, R. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2017.03.013 · Cited by 52
Kibar, P. N., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2017) · Journal of Visual Literacy · doi:10.1080/1051144x.2017.1331680 · Cited by 52
Use of a hand-held digital cognitive aid in simulated crises: the MAX randomized controlled trial
Lelaidier, R., Balança, B., Boet, S., Faure, A., Lilot, M., Lecomte, F., Lehot, J.-J., Rimmele, T. R., & Cejka, J. ‐. (2017) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aex256 · Cited by 52
Test-retest reliability of dynamic causal modeling for fMRI
Frässle, S., Stephan, K. E., Friston, K. J., Steup, M., Krach, S., Paulus, F. M., & Jansen, A. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.040 · Cited by 48
Braekman, E., Berete, F., Charafeddine, R., Demarest, S. S., Drieskens, S., Gisle, L., Molenberghs, G., Tafforeau, J., der Heyden, J. V., & Hal, G. F. V. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197434 · Cited by 52
Lim, H. K., Ha, H. I., Park, S.-Y., & Lee, K. (2018) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-018-5728-0 · Cited by 52
Taylor, J. M., Cunningham, L. P., Hood, P., Thorne, B. J., Irvin, G., & Weston, M. (2018) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2018.1526402 · Cited by 52
L’Her, E., Nguyen, Q.-T., Pateau, V., Bodénes, L., & Lellouche, F. (2019) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0485-z · Cited by 52
Shifting focus: The influence of affective diversity on team creativity
Emich, K. J., & Vincent, L. C. (2019) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.10.002 · Cited by 55
Fan, Y., Lam, J. C. K., & Li, V. O. K. (2020) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6963 · Cited by 52
Swigris, J. J., Andrae, D. A., Churney, T., Johnson, N., Scholand, M. B., White, E. S., Matsui, A., Raimundo, K., & Evans, C. J. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202002-0415oc · Cited by 53
MacDermid, J. C., Lee, A., Richards, R. S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Hand Therapy · doi:10.1197/j.jht.2004.04.006 · Cited by 52
Ashraf, M., Myronenko, A., Nguyen, T. D., Inage, A., Smith, W. T., Lowe, R. I., Thiele, K. E., Kroeker, C. A. G., Tyberg, J. V., Smallhorn, J. F., et al. (2010) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.09.027 · Cited by 52
The reliability of four widely used patellar height ratios
van Duijvenbode, D. C., Stavenuiter, M. H. J., Burger, B. J., et al. (2015) · International Orthopaedics · doi:10.1007/s00264-015-2908-2 · Cited by 52
Luginbuehl, H., Naeff, R., Zahnd, A., Baeyens, J., Kühn, A., & Radlinger, L. (2015) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3816-9 · Cited by 53
Suomi, R. E., & Koceja, D. M. (1994) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90397-2 · Cited by 52
Bakker, I. M. C., Twisk, J. W. R., van Mechelen, W., Mensink, G., & Kemper, H. C. G. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601566 · Cited by 52
Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury Version 2 (WISCI-II) with Repeatability of the 10-m Walk Time
Marino, R. J., Scivoletto, G., Patrick, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e3181c560eb · Cited by 52
Valentine, R. E., & Lewis, J. S. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.008 · Cited by 52
Sprock, J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10184 · Cited by 52
Plantar Pressures During Level Walking Compared with Other Ambulatory Activities
Lundeen, S., Lundquist, K., Cornwall, M. W., et al. (1994) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/107110079401500607 · Cited by 52
Lasting Effects of One Bout of Two 15-Second Passive Stretches on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Zito, M., Driver, D. F., Parker, C. J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1997.26.4.214 · Cited by 52
Functional Balance Tests for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury: Within-Session Reliability
Leurer, M. K., Rotem, H., Lewitus, H., Keren, O., & Meyer, S. (2008) · Pediatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/pep.0b013e3181820dd8 · Cited by 52
Stability of Neurological Soft Signs in Chronically Hospitalized Schizophrenic Patients
Smith, R. C., Hussain, M. I., Chowdhury, S. A., et al. (1999) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.11.1.91 · Cited by 52
Edwards, J. R., & O’Neill, R. M. (1998) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164498058006007 · Cited by 52
Sample Size Requirements for Comparing Two Alpha Coefficients
Bonett, D. G. (2003) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0146621602239477 · Cited by 52
Dobkin, P. L., Tremblay, R. E., & Sacchitelle, C. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.1.86 · Cited by 52
Comparison of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional rearfoot motion during walking
Cornwall, M., & McPoil, T. G. (1995) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/0268-0033(95)90435-c · Cited by 52
The use of structural equation modeling in assessing the quality of marital observations.
Melby, J. N., Conger, R. D., Ge, X., & Warner, T. D. (1995) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.9.3.280 · Cited by 52
Measuring Activity Level with Actometers: Reliability, Validity, and Arm Length
Eaton, W. O. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00498.x · Cited by 52
Gross, M. T., Batten, A. M., Lamm, A. L., et al. (1994) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1994.19.1.33 · Cited by 52
Reliability of DSM-III vs. DSM-II in Child Psychopathology
Mezzich, A. C., Mezzich, J. E., & Coffman, G. A. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61087-6 · Cited by 52
Memory and vigilance training to improve social perception in schizophrenia
Corrigan, P. W., Nugent-Hirschbeck, J., & Wolfe, M. (1995) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(95)00008-9 · Cited by 52
Lévy, J., Morris, R., Hammersley, M., & Turner, R. C. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e365 · Cited by 50
Laumakis, M. A., Margolin, G., & John, R. S. (1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10257-008 · Cited by 52
The assessment of values in laryngeal cancer: Reliability of measurement methods
Llewellyn‐Thomas, H. A., Sutherland, H. J., Ciampi, A., Etezadi-Amoli, J., Boyd, N. F., & Till, J. E. (1984) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(84)90136-x · Cited by 51
Visual and motor processing in visual artists: Implications for cognitive and neural mechanisms.
Glazek, K. J. (2011) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0025184 · Cited by 55
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51
Eve’s Perfection: Spinoza on Sexual (In)Equality
Sharp, H. (2012) · Journal of the history of philosophy · doi:10.1353/hph.2012.0068 · Cited by 51
Haworth, C. M. A., Carter, K., Eley, T. C., & Plomin, R. J. (2015) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12376 · Cited by 54
The Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions – 30 items (MULTI-30)
Solomonov, N., McCarthy, K. S., Gorman, B. S., & Barber, J. P. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1422216 · Cited by 52
Culture, parenting, and language: Respeto in Latine mother–child interactions
Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., Caughy, M. O., Rojas, R., Bakeman, R. A., Adamson, L. B., Pacheco, D., Owen, M. T., Suma, K., & Pace, A. E. (2019) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12430 · Cited by 61
Lee, T. T., Lai, K. K., Cheng, J. C. Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2021.04.007 · Cited by 51
Patberg, E. T., Wells, M., Vahanian, S. A., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.017 · Cited by 51
Althuizen, N., & Chen, B. (2021) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4030 · Cited by 51
Papcunová, J., Martončik, M., Fedáková, D., Kentoš, M., Bozogáňová, M., Srba, I., Móro, R., Pikuliak, M., Šimko, M., & Adamkovic, M. (2021) · Complex & Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1007/s40747-021-00561-0 · Cited by 55
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
